【Editor's Note】In this online exhibition, under the lens of Professor Liu Huajie, a naturalist of Peking University, we will set foot on the fertile land of Jilin with him, and finally return to Beijing and return to Peking University Yanyuan to meet those plants that we are familiar with but are not familiar with. I hope that this "stay at home" nature tour will allow us to feel the beauty of nature by observing the daily life world.
In the autumn of 1984, I came from the northeast to the geology department of Peking University to study for an undergraduate degree, and since then I have been living in Beijing, which has become my second hometown. I distinctly remember seeing the First Tree of Sangko in a forest north of the campus (corresponding to the area of today's Minghe Garden) on the night of my first entry into the campus of Peking University, and there is no such species in Jilin in my hometown of northeast China. Later, it was also seen all over the slopes of Beijing, and later in Sichuan, Yunnan, Vietnam, and Hawaii in the United States. And know that its fruit is edible, and the fiber can be used to make paper.
Wherever one goes, the plants one sees expands. Plants have a strong regional nature, so they get to know different plants in different places. This principle is suitable for anyone, but most people do not take the plants they encounter seriously, and they do not know each other even day and night.
In order to observe the wildflowers in the northeast, he once set off from Beijing and drove around the northeast border, which took 20 days and traveled about 7500 kilometers. In order to see the plant of The Taihang Flower, the 800-kilometer trip was made; in order to verify that Zhangjiakou Huailai had a sage plant and Yanqing's nightcap, and a kind of short-stemmed cherry, they also ran many times.
Jilin wildflowers
"On the slopes, I suddenly found that there are many northeastern lily capsules on the edge of the forest, apparently left over from the previous season. Walking into the woods, I saw the open capsule of the Huangxinwei spear, the stem and leaf of the large-leaf chaihu, the leaf of Xing'an cohosh, the fruit inflorescence of the yellow begonia, and the total bud of a yellow flower in the blunt bud. Rhododendron and broad-leaved aconitum were also found. This aconitum is very special, and the chiral nature of its stem can be left or right! Looking around at the white birch, birch, split leaf elm, walnut catalpa, ash willow, Mongolian oak tree and kiwi vine, and looking at the variety of dry grasses under the forest, I guess that the plants here are very rich, and the ground cover plants in early spring must be no worse. The next day I took the A-ropeway to the highest point of Daqingshan, photographed the mistletoe parasitism on the trunk of the split-leaf elm tree in the hilltop park with a telephoto, and then slowly walked down the west side of the slope, just to see the plants in the snow along the way. I wrote in the epilogue to "Aoyama Grass and Trees".
△ Jilin Songhua Lake in summer. Nearby is the DaqingShan Mountain of Vanke Ski Resort.
This place is Songhua Lake, Jilin Province, which I came to 36 years ago when I participated in the National Geoscience Summer Camp, when I was in the second year of high school in Tonghua City. The national battalion commander is Mr. Hou Renzhi (1911-2013), and the jilin battalion commander is Mr. Dong Shenbao (1917-2010). After that summer camp, the seeds of naturalism were quietly planted, and the college entrance examination volunteered to choose the Geology Department of Peking University. This time in December 2016, I was invited by Mr. Ding Changfeng, senior vice president of Vanke, to come to ski and give a lecture by the way.
Daqingshan is located in Vanke Songhua Lake Ski Resort, and I didn't think to write a book about the plants here. Just in the process of skiing, I saw the plants that I was familiar with as a child (at that time, I only knew its local name, I didn't know the scientific classification), and I suddenly had such an idea. It has typical northeastern forest characteristics and is extremely rich in plants. You can ski in winter and see flowers in spring, summer and autumn. In recent years, China's ski industry has entered the fast lane, and large-scale development of ski trails and ecological protection have shown a certain tension. Vanke Group has always attached great importance to environmental protection, so why not compile a plant manual to leave a little basic material for future natural history and nature education? At the same time, it is also equivalent to doing something practical for the hometown. Changfeng is very supportive of this idea and is willing to provide all kinds of help.
In the following year, daqingshan was locked, 3 times by plane from Beijing to Changchun to Jilin Songhua Lake Daqingshan, twice by car from Beijing to Daqingshan, on about 9 square kilometers of place to carry out intensive plant surveys, taking tens of thousands of photos throughout the year. In 2018, "Aoyama Grass and Trees" was officially published, which actually included 243 species of wild plants in 75 families, and classified plants using the APG IV system.
Sorbus alnifolia, a tree that grows in many parts of the Great Green Mountains at different altitudes. In hindsight, this was not a very special tree species, but it was not recognized at the time, and it lasted for more than half a year, because there were no flowers and fruits. I took nearly a hundred photos of this plant alone. In the middle, I consulted local botany experts with some photos of the front and back leaves, and I asked other species for feedback immediately, but this time there was no following, that is to say, the information was insufficient and the local experts could not identify it. In the autumn of 2017, some small red fruits were suddenly found on the ground, and the puzzle was solved instantly, and there was no doubt about the catalpa species! After that, I found the elm jacaranda in Liaoning and Yanqing, Beijing.
Rosaceae elm flowers, autumn leaves are beautiful.
In winter, you can see the rose elm flower at the top of the big green mountain, and look closely at the red fruit on the tree that has not fallen. At the time of this photo, "Aoyama Grass and Trees" had been published.
Adonis amurensis, also known as the ice flower and the blessed grass. Perennial herb. Rhizomes are short and thick. The stem has purple longitudinal stripes, often twisted. The lower leaves of the stem have long stalks and are glabrous. The leaves are triangular, triple-fully lobed, fully lobed with long stalks, and two to three times finely lobed. Sepals are about 9, often with a lilac-purple underneath, oblong or inverted ovate oblong, equal in length or slightly longer than the petals. The petals are about 10 and yellow. The carpel is mostly, and the ovary has short soft hairs. The fruit is inverted ovoid, covered with short soft hairs, and has a short colonnade. The most distinctive and widely distributed wild ornamental plant in early spring in Northeast China.
Buttercup family Korean white-headed porphyllum (Pulsatilla cernua). The plant is 22 cm tall. The rhizomes are about 13 cm long. Flowers first and leaves later or nearly simultaneously. Basal leaves 4-6, not fully developed at the time of flowering, have long stalks. The leaves are ovate, 8 cm long and 5 cm wide, with triple lobes. The total bracts are nearly bell-shaped, lobed linear, and the back is densely covered with soft hairs. The sepals are purple-red with dense soft hairs on the outside.
Aquilegia oxysepala, ranunculaceae. It is a perennial herb with stout roots and a dark brown outer skin. The stem is 40–110 cm tall and has more or less branches in the upper part. There are several basal leaves, which are two and three compound leaves, 3 shallow lobes or 3 deep lobes. Sepals purple, slightly unfolded. The petals are yellowish-white, nearly truncated at the apex, 1.5–2 cm long, and strongly inwardly curved at the ends in a hook-like manner. The leaves are 2.5–3 cm long; the seeds are black.
Aconitum sczukinii in the rancidaceae family. The root of the block is inverted and conical. The stem is wound, either left or right, mainly left. The middle leaves of the stem have short stalks. The base of the leaf is heart-shaped, trichotomy lobed, and the full lobe has a short or long stalk. When I was skiing, I first noticed the fruit on the snow, so I started the book project of "Aoyama Grass and Trees".
Buttercup family Enemion raddeanum. Perennial herb. Rhizomes are short and inconspicuous, giving birth to mostly slender roots. Clusters, stems erect, 20–45 cm tall. The umbel-shaped inflorescence is apical or axillary, with 1–8 flowers. Total bracts 3, leaf-like. Sepal flaps are 5-6, white, slightly blunt at the apex. No petals. The stamens are mostly, and the anthers are milky white. The filigree is white and filamentous, and the upper part is widened.
It is mostly anemone (Anemone raddeana), ranunculaceae. Alias two-headed tip (probably depending on the shape of the root). The plant is 10-30 cm tall. The rhizomes are transverse, cylindrical and 2-3 cm long. Basal leaf 1, with long stalks. The leaves are trifooted. Sepals 9-15, white, oblong or linear oblong, apex round or blunt, glabrous. Filigree-shaped; the heart skin is about 30. Famous wildflowers under the forest in early spring.
Actinidia arguta, soft date of the kiwi family. Large deciduous vine, up to 7 m long, right-handed. The leaves are membranous, slightly upturned (V-shaped) along the left and right of the main vein, broadly oval, broadly ovate, and densely sharply serrated at the edges. The leaves are dark green above and glabrous above and green below. The inflorescence is axillary or exophytic. The flowers are greenish white or yellow-green and fragrant. 4-6 petals. The fruit is spherical to short columnar oblong with a blunt beak at the apex. The famous wild fruit of the Northeast is delicious but not resistant to storage.
Acer barbinerve of the family Apier barbinerve, given by the FOC, Chinese name tufted maple, is inappropriate. Small deciduous trees. Leaves papery, with an outer contour nearly round or ovate, 5–8 cm long and 4–7 cm wide, cardiac-shaped at the base or nearly heart-shaped, 5 lobes. The leaves are green above, glabrous, pale green below, covered with long white hard hairs and short soft hairs, which are denser on the leaf veins. The flowers are yellow-green, unisexual, dioecious. The small nuts are nearly spherical in shape with prominent veins, and the wings are oblong and open at obtuse angles.
Acer mandshuricum, deciduous tree. The bark is grey, rough but not violent. The twigs are cylindrical and glabrous; the branches are purple-yellow or purple-brown. Compound leaves have 3 leaflets, papery leaflets, and blunt serrations at the edges. The leaves are dark green above, glabrous, pale green below, slightly covered with white powder, and white sparse hairs along the midrib. The small nuts are raised, purple-red when tender, purple-brown when ripe, 1-1.2 cm wide, and 3–3.5 cm long together with the small nuts, opening into sharp angles or near right angles.
Acer triflorum of the family Acer triflorum, also known as twisted maple, twisted tendon. Deciduous trees. The bark is brown and often falls off in flakes. The compound leaf consists of 3 leaflets, papery leaflets, with 2-3 coarse blunt serrations above the mid-segment at the edges, sparse margins, and the base of the apical leaflets is wedge-shaped or broad-wedge-shaped. The underside of the leaves is pale green , with white sparse hairs along the veins, especially the midrib. The middle ribs of the leaves are slightly concave above and raised below. The small nuts are raised and nearly spherical. The background is white birch.
△ Liu Huajie picked wild grapes (Vitis amurensis) in the Daqing Mountains of Songhua Lake.
Wild viticules mountain grapes, woody vines. The twigs are cylindrical, glabrous, and the young branches are sparsely covered with arachnid villi. The leaves are broadly ovoid, 3 lobes are sparse, 5 shallow or medium lobes, or not split, with coarse serrations at the edges. The lower veins of the leaf are distinct. The conical inflorescence is evacuated and grows opposite the leaves. Petal 5. The fruit is 1-1.5 cm in diameter. A famous wild fruit in Tohoku. Tonghua wine was originally made from this wild mountain grape.
Caulophyllum robustum of the berberidae family, also known as leaf peony, Tibetan yanxian, sea pepper seven, chicken bone cohosh. It is a perennial herb growing in clusters of plants up to 60–80 cm tall. The rhizomes are stubby and short, with many whiskered roots. The stem grows 2 leaves, alternate, 2-3 triple-lobed leaves, the lower leaves have long stalks, and the leaflets are ovate and fully margined. The conical inflorescences are apical; the flowers are pale yellow. Bracts 3-6; sepals 6, petal-shaped. Petal 6, much smaller than sepals. Wax leaf specimen.
Pen gentian (Gentiana zollingeri). It will grow in late April. Height 3-6 cm. The stem is erect and purple-red. The leaves are ovate or ovate spoon-shaped, blunt or rounded at the apex, with a small pointed tip and cartilage at the edges. Basal leaves do not wilt during the flowering period and are similar to stem leaves but smaller. The stems and leaves are dense and tile-like. The flowers are mostly solitary at the tip of the twigs, which are densely umbel-shaped. Calyx funnel-shaped, lobed narrowly triangular or ovate oval, sharply pointed at the apex, with a short, small pointed tip.
Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa, according to APG III adjustment, was separated from the genus Anise. Flora of China regards it as a short-fruited fennel. Perennial herb. The stem is tubular, striped, 2-3 branches in the upper part, glabrous. Basal leaves and the middle and lower leaves of the stem have stalks, 4-10 cm long; leaf sheaths are oblong; leaves are trifoliated, forming three leaflets, occasionally splitting twice, and lobes have short stalks. The upper part of the stem leaves are sessile, the leaves are 3 lobed, lobed lanceolate. The small umbel-shaped inflorescence has flowers 15-20, white. The fruit is ovoid, shiny and glabrous, and the fruit is ribbed and linear. The most famous wild vegetable in Jilin was previously exported to Japan.
Umbelliferae macrophyllae. Young seedlings that have just grown in the spring. Can be sautéed, stuffed or chilled. Nearby is the North Heavy Building of the Lily Branch. Special attention should be paid to the consumption of this wild vegetable, and it should not be confused with the poisonous plant lotus flower of the poppy family. The easiest and easiest way to distinguish is to rub your hands together and smell the smell. Of course, there are also N-species differentiation.
Hylomecon japonica of the poppy family, also known as plumeria. It is a perennial herb with a yellow sap and sparse hairs. The stem is erect, unbranched, streaked, and grassy. Basal leaves are few, pinnate and fully lobed, lobes 2-3 pairs, broad lanceolate diamonds, inverted ovate diamonds or nearly elliptical, with irregular round-toothed serrations or heavy serrations at the edges, dark green above and pale green below. The petals are golden yellow, inverted ovate or nearly round. poisonous.
Aralia elata (Aralia elata), also known as the thorny crow and the thorny shoot. shrub. The twigs are grayish brown and sparsely grown with most fine spines. The spines are 1–3 mm long and the base is expanded. Young shoots often have slender straight spines up to 1.5 cm long. The leaves are two or three pinnate compound leaves. The leaf shaft and the base of the pinnae shaft usually have short spines. Conical inflorescence, umbel-shaped. The flowers are yellowish white. The fruit is spherical and black. The famous wild vegetables in Jilin Province have now been artificially planted. The slopes of the ski slopes grow a lot in the summer.
Meehania urticifolia. Perennial herb, clumps, erect. The stem is thin and unbranched, and the young parts are usually covered with long soft hairs or inverted long soft hairs. The top of the figless stem often protrudes from the slender, soft creeping stem and takes root section by section. The leaves are heart-shaped, with serrated or circular serrations at the edges, and are sparsely hairy on both sides. The inflorescence of umbelliferations, rarely formed in pairs, is a pseudo-aggregate inflorescence. The corolla is pale bluish purple to purple-red , and the upper and lower lips are covered with long soft hairs.
Asyneuma japonicum. It is often born under the forest. The roots are fleshy, carrot-shaped, up to 1.5 cm in diameter and up to 20 cm long. The stem is erect and generally unbranched. The lower part of the stem has long stalks, the upper leaves are nearly sessile, the lower leaves are ovate or ovate, and the upper leaves lanceolate or ovate lanceolate. Calyx tubes are spherical and lobed strips. The corolla is purple-blue or bluish-purple, with slender lobes. Capsules are spherical. Try cultivating into garden flowers.
Codonopsis lanceolata, also known as rotifer ginseng, goat milk ginseng, mountain carrot. The plant is smooth and hairless, and the stems and leaves are occasionally sparsely hairy. The roots are fleshy and hypertrophied, spindle-shaped. The stem is wound, mainly left-handed, and the same plant is also right-handed at the same time. The flower tray is fleshy and dark green. The capsule is hemispherical in the lower part and has a beak on the upper part. In the event of devastating mining, care should be taken to protect it. It has been cultivated in large quantities. You can occasionally meet near Beijing.
Asteraceae long white bee bucket (Petasites rubellus), stem solitary, upright. The leaves are thick papery and kidney-shaped and heart-shaped. The head-shaped inflorescence, arranged in an umbel-shaped, the total bracts are inverted and cone-shaped, and the female flowers have short tongue patches. Found in Fusong, Jilin Province.
Asarum heterotropoides, according to FOC rather than flora of China. The roots are slightly fleshy and aromatic. The flowers are purple-black and purple-green. The flowers are tubular or hemispherical, about 1 cm in diameter, slightly constricted in the throat, with longitudinal ridges on the inner wall, and the flowers are lobed triangularly ovate, folded outward from the base, and attached to the flower tube.
Poppy family Corydalis linjiangensis, a perennial herb nearly erect. The tubers are spherical in shape and about 1 cm in diameter. Flower blue. Sepals fall early. The outer petals are broad, fully margined, and slightly concave at the apex. The petals of the upper petals are slightly curved; cylindrical, nearly straight, and slightly expanded at the base. The lower petals are straight. The inner petals are crown-shaped and nearly rounded. Found in Linjiang, Jilin Province.
Poppy family Linjiang Yanhuso, side view of the flower.
Asplenium komarovii. Leaves 3-8 patches are clustered; petioles are 10–20 cm long, brown or brownish brown, sparsely scaled; leaves are tongue-shaped lanceolate, 15–45 cm long, heart-shaped at the base, ear-shaped on both sides, slightly wavy at the full margin. The lateral veins are slender, obliquely extended, parallel, and visible on both sides. Found in Linjiang, Jilin Province.
Mukdenia rossii , a perennial herb , resembles a single-root grass that grows in crevices of lithologic rocks. The rhizomes are thicker with dark brown scales. The leaves are all basal, with long stalks, and are palmate 5-9 shallow or deep lobes. Polyglomerate inflorescence with white petals. It is found in Fusong and Linjiang, Jilin Province.
Erythronium japonicum, a plant up to 30 cm tall, has very deep bulbs, and about 1/1 third of the stems are buried in the ground. 2 leaves, pairs grow below the middle of the stem. The flowers are single apical (heavy petals are common in natural conditions) and drooping; the tessa is lanceolate, purple or white, with black markings in the lower part of the letter M. Stigma 3 cracks. Flowering period is from April to May. There are only two species in China, the other of which is distributed in Xinjiang. This is seen in Fusong, Baishan and Tonghua in Jilin Province.
Trillium camschatcense, with a stubble-like stem. The stem is erect and unbranched. 3 leaves, rotted at the tip of the stem. Flower quilt piece 6, off-birth, arranged in 2 rounds. 3 outer wheels, green, 3 inner wheels, petal-shaped, white. Anthers grow longer than filaments, 7-8 mm. Berry green. In recent years, due to irresponsible propaganda and illegal trade, wild species have been mined in large quantities every year, and if they are not controlled, they will become extinct. Found in Fusong and Tonghua, Jilin Province. In this picture, you can also see the large-leaf parsley and the nettle leaf dragon head grass.
Large leaves of the family Astilboides tabularis, perennial herb, 1 m tall, unbranched stem, basal leaves 1, shield-shaped, up to 100 cm in diameter, palm-like shallow lobes. The conical inflorescence is apical, 15–40 cm long, with small, white or slightly purple flowers. In Changbai County, Jilin Province.
Wildflowers in and around Beijing
I wrote Chongli Wildflowers to curve to protect the wild plants there. "The development of tourism will always bring certain environmental pressures, and if there is insufficient consideration and insufficient self-restraint, the situation is more dangerous." There are many models of tourism, and I want to promote a good, ecologically principled model. When the right to host the Winter Olympics was applied for in August 2015, Chongli's infrastructure construction and real estate development entered the fast lane. Some people go to small villages that are empty, and some even become active. I compiled this little book, first of all, so that the local people of Chongli will further realize the beauty of their hometown, love their hometown even more, and protect it. Secondly, to provide travelers with the necessary natural information, hoping that people will appreciate the nature of Chongli, respect local customs more, and destroy less of people's natural resources. Third, remind relevant departments to develop cautiously. For the sake of long-term interests, do not be too short-sighted, and develop legally and ethically. "As early as 2015, I have inspected all the districts and counties of Zhangjiakou: Zhangbei and Kangbao in the north, Shangyi and Huai'an in the west, Wei County in the south, Guyuan and Chicheng in the east, Xuanhua, Chongli, Xiahuayuan, Huailai and Zhuolu in the southeast. The landform types of Zhangjiakou districts and counties are extremely diverse, including deserts, grasslands, wetlands, hills, mountains, and large ridges, and plants are diverse.
I want to remind people that in addition to snowflakes, there are wildflowers in Chongli! "The most distinctive plant of Chongli is the Jibei Cuique flower, and the seed addition word siwanense in its scientific name means Xiwanzi, which is now Chongli, so it can also be called Chongli Kingfisher. It is the second species of kingfisher that can be seen in north China, which is very beautiful and relatively rare. The French envoy Tan Wei Dao (i.e. Father David. The collection and full naming of elk, juniper, and giant panda specimens are all related to him) In 1862, he came to China to collect specimens near Beijing, and later went north to Xuanhua and Xiwanzi (now Chongli). He collected specimens of the plant and sent them to Adrien René Franchet (1834-1900), a botanist at the Musée National des Nacional de Paris, France. The latter published this new species in 1893. "Since 2016, every year I've been driving my friends over to see the Northern Crested Finch, but I don't bring anyone who wants to dig it up.
Geographically, Chongli in Hebei is close to Yanqing in Beijing, and the species similarity is relatively high, but it is easier to observe the species that can only be seen in Yanqing by climbing the mountain with a lot of effort. Chongli's road system is very developed, and it is easy to see cochineal flowers, arrow primroses, sac flower irises, thick root irises, three-flowered top ice flowers, long-haired anemone flowers, flower leaves, alpine aster, Mongolian astragalus, blue flower spiny beans, Tang pine grass, twist flower head, fragrant flower mustard, herbaceous welling fairy and so on. There is also a prairie sky road. That is to say, it is too natural to come to Chongli to see the flowers (the high-speed railway from Beijing to Chongli Prince Town will be opened in 2020, which is much more convenient), but the scientific and cultural circles have not done enough information services for this purpose.
Buttercup family Delphinium siwanense. Yu Chongli, Hebei.
Buttercup family Jibei crested finch.
Anemone narcissiflora subsp. crinita）。 Yu Chongli, Hebei.
Clematis macropetala of the ranunculaceae family. Yu Chongli, Hebei.
Platanthera chlorantha in the orchid family, in Yanqing, Beijing.
Dactylorhiza hatagirea in Fengning, Hebei.
Cypripedium macranthos in BaihuaShan, Beijing.
Orchid purple dot orchid (Cypripedium guttatum), in Xinglong, Hebei.
Comfrey family Myosotis alpestris, in Wei County, Hebei Province.
Primula maximowiczii in Chongli, Hebei.
Iris ruthenica in the family Irisidae, in Chongli, Hebei.
Trollius chinensis of the buttercup family, in Guyuan, Hebei.
Dipsacus japonicus in Japan, Yanqing, Beijing.
Dracocephalum moldavica in Yanqing, Beijing.
Adonis ramosa on the Liaoji side, in Yanqing, Beijing.
Tussilago farfara in Yanqing, Beijing. Counted as an endangered species in Beijing.
Menyanthes trifoliata, an endangered species in Beijing, is only distributed in the Songying area of Yanqingtian and is in urgent need of special protection.
Clematis acerifolia of the buttercup family in Mentougou, Beijing. Locally known as cliff flowers. In a sense, it can be counted as the city flower of Beijing. The plant was destroyed during the construction of the barbed wire fence of the rock slope of the road.
Asteraceae (Saussurea nivea). In Songshan, Yanqing, Beijing.
Cirsium vlassovianum. Yanqing and Hebei junction Yanjiaping north slope.
Gentian family Radial Ribum (Lomatogonium rotatum) in Chicheng, Hebei Province.
Allium ramosum in the Lily family, in The Datuo Mountains, Hebei Province.
Buttercup family Aquilegia yabeana, yanqing, Beijing.
Clematis pinnata of the ranunculaceae family, originally known as Clematis pinnate. The type specimen was collected near Beijing. Two or one odd pinnate compound leaves, 3-9 leaflets, more leaflets in the lower part, and fewer in the upper part. The inflorescence of The two umbels is clustered with more than 20 flowers. When the flowers are not open, they are four-sided pyramid-shaped, pinkish-white, and after opening, they are deeply cracked and unfolded in a cross shape. In Yanqing, Beijing.
Echinops davuricus in chifeng, Inner Mongolia.
Peucedanum terebinthaceum, cylindrical at the base of the peduncle, bent downwards, longer than the peduncle base. In Yanqing, Beijing.
Corydalis caudata of the poppy family, in Yanqing, Beijing.
Polygala sibirica in Yanqing, Beijing.
Dictamnus dasycarpus.
Cnidium monnieri , with a slightly raised peduncle. The meristemper is oblong and pentagonal in cross-section.
Hydrangea bretschneideri.
Hippophae rhamnoides in the family Hippophae ( ) , in Saihan Dam , Hebei Province.
Viola acuminata in the viola family, in Changping, Beijing.
Valeriana officinalis, in Luanping, Hebei.
Edangaceae (Odontites vulgaris), in Chongli, Hebei.
Aconitum sinomontanum in the buttercup family, in Chongli, Hebei.
Synurus deltoides in the Asteraceae family, in Chongli, Hebei.
Ephedra intermedia in the jute family, in Kangbao, Zhangjiakou, Hebei.
Asteraceae (Saussurea purpurascens) in the family Asteraceae, in Chicheng, Hebei Province.
Limonium bicolor of the family Baihuadanaceae, in Kangbao, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province.
Hypericum ascyron in the family Hypericum in Songshan, Yanqing, Beijing.
Taihangia rupestris var. ciliata), March 29, 2015 in Wu'an, Hebei.
Campus plants of Peking University
Finally, when it comes to campus plants, it doesn't mean that the plants here are not important. On the contrary, naturalism is extremely concerned with locality, and observing the plants around it reflects the highest state of naturalism! Simply put, there are two major types of natural objects: the imperial type and the Arcadian type (pastoral type). The latter is more important and deserves to be recommended to everyone. Some of the former's practices are worth reflecting on. Prominent representatives of the Arcadian type were Gilbert White, Thoreau, Leopold, Carson, etc. It is impossible to understand the plants around you without caring about them, and it is impossible to understand the plants in the distance. It is precisely because I am familiar with what I see every day, and I am familiar with the campus plants, Beijing and the surrounding plants, that I have a good idea of hundreds of "families", and it is possible to quickly recognize unfamiliar plants in Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet and even Hawaii.
Although the plants on the campus of Peking University are not as diverse as those in the Tsinghua Garden next door, they are also very rich. All exhibited below are native species of Beijing. I said, "Native plants are good, beautiful, and safe, and exotic species can be beautiful, but many of them are not safe and therefore bad." "A good campus should maintain a sufficiently rich biodiversity and not easily eradicate native species."
Campus space is limited, the introduction of plants should have overall consideration and long-term planning, I proposed in the "Yanyuan Grass and Tree Supplement" should consider the following four principles: (1) diversity and conservation principle, (2) locality principle, (3) matching principle, (4) memory principle.
Stipa bungeana ( Stipa bungeana ) . It is found on the triangular ground in the northeast corner of the unnamed lake. Perennial herb. The stalks are bushy and the base is knee-bent. The leaf sheath is smooth and glabrous or has cilia at the edges. The conical inflorescence is wrapped in the sheath of the apical leaves, gradually withdraws after maturity, is about 20 cm long, and has 2-4 finely branched spikelets of gray-green or purple per node. The first pillar is 1-1.5 cm long, the second pillar is 1 cm long, and the needle is 3-5 cm long.
Grass family Elymus kamoji. Scientific name according to FOC. The FOC calls it Clementine Grass. Seen on the 38th floor, Library South, Bizhai East, Mechanics Compound, Zhongguan New Garden, Zhongguancun Technical Building. Perennial herb. The stalks are upright or oblique at the base. The lateral edges of the leaf sheath are often cilia; the leaves are flattened. Spike-like inflorescences are 7–20 cm long, curved or droopy; Spikelets are green or purple.
Bromus japonicus. Annual herb. The stalks stand upright. The leaf sheath is closed and covered with soft hairs; the leaf tongue is nearly rounded at the apex; and the leaves are hairy on both sides. The conical inflorescence is sparsely spread, 20–30 cm long and 5–10 cm wide, with 2–8 branches, bent downwards; finely branched, 5–10 cm long, with 1–4 spikelets on the upper part; yellow-green spikelets, densely grown 7–11 florets. Found in the meadows in the southwest corner of the New Campus Hospital. On page 1182 of the Flora of Beijing, it is recorded on the campus of Peking University.
Leymus chinensis. Found in the northeast of the unnamed lake. It is a perennial herb with a downward or transverse rhizome. The stalks are scattered, erect, 40–90 cm tall, with 4–5 segments. The leaf sheath is smooth, the residual leaf sheath at the base is fibrous, withered yellow, and the leaf tongue is flattened, with cracked teeth at the top, papery. The spike-like inflorescence is erect, 7–15 cm long and 10–15 mm wide; the panicle shaft has fine eyelashes at the edges. The spikelet shaft is smooth internodal.
Euonymus alatus. Deciduous shrub, small branches with wood bolt wings, leaves opposite, 2-3 m tall. Polygonal inflorescence, capsule fruit. Distributed in northeast China and north China, it is a famous green plant, but it is not widely used in Chinese landscaping. It was originally located on the east side of the biological building, and later moved to the south of jingyuan meadow. It was fortunate that several large trees nearby that were a hundred times taller than it were killed alive during the construction of the life science research building, while other plants such as mulberry, begonia, large prickly vegetable, jiayang and Xinjiang yang were directly abandoned.
The seeds of the Wei spear of the Family Wei Spear are collected in Songhua Lake, Jilin Province.
Draba nemorosa in the cruciferous family. Leopold had devoted himself to this humble grass. It can be found on the lawn of Jingyuan Garden and by the side of a small bridge like Cervantes. A beneficial and harmless grass. Gardeners laboriously pick them out of the grass every year, and there are not many left on campus, and it is recommended that they should not be pulled again. Annual or biennial herb. The stem is erect, 10–50 cm tall, sparsely leafless or leafless, but the branching stem has leaves; the lower part is densely hairy, forked and stellate hairs, and the upper part is gradually thinned to glabrous. Basal leaves are rosette-shaped, inverted ovate, with sparsely toothed or nearly full margins at the edges; stem-growing leaves are long ovate or ovate. The inflorescence has 25-90 flowers and is densely packed into an umbel-shaped shape. The short silique is oblong or oblong-oval.
Euryale ferox. Late came to Peking University. It is found in the North Pond of Building 1 of the Humanities Garden, and the east of the South Entrance Bridge of Langrunyuan Island. Annual aquatic herb. The submerged leaves are arrow-shaped or oval kidney-shaped, without thorns on both sides, and the petioles are spineless; the floating leaves are leathery, oval kidney-shaped to round, 10–130 cm in diameter, shield-shaped, with purple underneath, and sharp spines on both sides at the branches of the leaf veins. The flowers are erect, about 5 cm long; the sepals are lanceolate, and the outside is densely packed with slightly curved hard spines. The berries are spherical in shape and have dense spines on the outside.
Cannabis family (formerly Elmidae) Pteroceltis tatarinowii. There is only one plant on the campus of Peking University.
Maclura tricuspidata. Beijing Tanzhu Temple is related to this plant. Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 1–7 m tall; the bark is greyish brown, the twigs are glabrous, slightly angular, with spines, 5–20 mm long. The leaves are ovate or diamond-shaped ovate. Hermaphroditic, both male and female inflorescences are spherical head-shaped, solitary or paired axillary, with short peduncles. Polyflora is nearly spherical. It is found in the southwest corner of the Jingyuan Lawn, and there is only one male plant in Peking University.
Staphylea bumalda. Found in the northeast corner of the Humanities Garden. Deciduous shrub, about 2 meters tall and up to 5 meters thin. The branches are slightly curved. The bark is purple-red or greyish-brown, with longitudinal ridges; the branches are spread out. Compound leaves are opposites, with three leaflets. The conical inflorescence is apical, erect, and white; the sepals are oblong-oval, pale yellowish-white, with 5 petals, white, inverted oval oblong. Stamens 5. The capsules are shaped like a purse, flattened, 2 chambers, and 2 lobes at the apex. There is only one plant on the campus of Peking University.
Rosaceae (Amygdalus davidiana). Trees, up to 8-10 meters high; the bark is dark purple and smooth. The leaves are ovate lanceolate with fine serrations. The flowers are solitary, the leaves are open, the sepals are ovate or ovate oblong, purple. The drupe is nearly spherical. Flowering period is from March to April. Excellent wild flowers in the Beijing area, extremely easy to reproduce. This plant was bred from the fruit of the old tree in the fourth courtyard, located in the northeast corner of the Humanities Garden, in March 2019. The old tree is dead, and three of the four yards are now bred by me.
Nymphoides peltata. Perennial aquatic herb. The stem is cylindrical, multi-branched, and rooting under the nodes. The upper leaves are opposite, the lower leaves are alternate, the leaves are floating, nearly leathery, round or oval, basal heart-shaped, fully margined. Flowers are often majority, clustered on the knots, 5 numbers. The corolla is golden yellow, open day and night. This plant is described in the Book of Poetry, and knowing it, I can better talk to the ancients.
The diversity of plants and trees includes diversity of species (corresponding to species diversity) and diversity of distribution (corresponding to ecological diversity), but the discipline of modernity often contradicts diversity. Discipline pursues order that some people value, manifested in a certain simplicity, uniformity, and display. As a result, the bad performance is that some varieties with a degree of display have been introduced in excess of large quantities, occupying too much space on campus, and species that are considered unimportant are artificially restricted and eliminated. These are very similar to the treatment of disciplines and talents.
——Excerpt from Liu Huajie's "Yanyuan Grass and Wood Supplement"
(This article is authorized by the public account of the Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences of Peking University, editor / Liu Shanshan, reviewer / Ren Hui)