Ancient and modern affairs, chatting about articles. Hi everyone! I am a drama Liaozhai, a Swift Jiangnan, military writer, Tencent Literature contract writer, and creator of toutiao cultural field. It's a pleasure to meet you again. The last time I shared with you "Lifting the Mystery of Northeast "Drifting Culture"" I don't know if you like it? Now to share with you is the "unique Northeast "tribute culture", I hope you can like.
We can see from many film and television works that there will be shots of tribute to the imperial court in costume dramas, so how did these tributes come from? What is unique about these tributes? Why can you walk from the people to the palace? Figuring this out is not simple. I would like to talk about the many details of the tribute provided to the imperial palace in the northeast Jilin area.
I. Why did the Qing court love northeast tribute?
Far from it, let's talk about the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Jilin was always regarded by the emperor as the birthplace of the ancestors, and this reason was directly related to the Manchu nobles. Located in the hinterland of the White Mountains and Black Water, the Mountains of Jilin are stacked with mountains, crisscrossed with rivers and rivers, and rich in products, and it is very reasonable for the Qing government to designate this area as an important tribute area. Since the Kangxi Dynasty, yamen, the chief of the Ula Street (in present-day Wula Town, Jilin City), has been established in Wula Street (present-day Wula Town, Jilin City), which is responsible for providing special products for the imperial palace. After more than three hundred years of accumulation, tribute categories have reached more than 3,000 kinds, from a national point of view, it occupies a very large proportion, in a sense, the northeast tribute has formed a unique "tribute culture" and favored by the Qing Emperor.
The Kangxi Emperor
Second, which tributes in the northeast can "meet the emperor"?
After consulting the literature, the well-documented tributes are mainly ginseng, Dongzhu, pomfret, pine flower and so on. The following details the situation of these four tributes and their cultural connotations.
ginseng.
Ginseng is a perennial herbaceous root-shrinking plant of the Family Pentagram, because the roots of this plant are composed of reeds, apical whiskers, roots, branches and whiskers, which are very similar to human forms, so they are called ginseng. This plant contains ginseng soap, amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, etc., has a very high medicinal value, so it was selected by the Qing court as one of the important tributes. The Qianlong Emperor has the poem "Ginseng" as proof:
Grass species produced in the Olangling district,
Three-tree five-leaf Mai Changlun.
That is, the party has become a mortal product,
Since the old days, the public has been a treasure.
Qi replenishes the division of evil and righteousness,
Don't be false or true.
Manjushri knows that he can live and kill,
Sneering and confused without understanding people.
Northeast ginseng
It doesn't matter whether this poem was written by the mercurial Qianlong Grandpa or not, but we can understand from this poem that the authentic Northeast ginseng needs to be identified.
Dongzhu.
Most of the beads worn on the "official hats" of Qing officials in Qing court costume films and television works are "Eastern Pearls". The so-called East Pearl, also known as the North Pearl, is only produced in the Songhua River, NenJiang, and Ussuri River within the boundaries of Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces, and there is absolutely no other place. The reason why Dongzhu is precious is because the Qing Dynasty identified him as an ornament to mark the status of princes and nobles. Like the emperor's imperial crown, the imperial belt, etc., it is necessary to decorate 242 east beads; the phoenix crown worn by the empress needs to decorate 98 east beads; the belle crown and the dynasty belt need to decorate 13 east beads; the first product minister is only allowed to decorate 1, and the second product is not allowed to decorate the east bead, which can only be replaced by sapphire and turquoise, which shows that the east pearl is worth a lot.
Another important reason why Dongzhu is expensive is pearl diving, which is a very hard labor. I consulted a lot of information to finally figure out how complicated it was. The first is that there are strict requirements for pearling time, which must be between April and mid-September every year. Second, the pearling process is extremely complicated and beyond the imagination of ordinary people. When pearling, the river is generally very cold and the flow rate is rapid. Pearl divers must be naked, tie long ropes around their waists, and dive into the water with wooden sticks in their hands, when the temperature under the northeast is very low and the cold is bone-chilling. After diving into the water, the pearl diver picks up the clams and puts them in the pocket of fish skin hanging from his waist, and then shakes the rope, pulls it from the people on the shore to the side of the boat, and repeats it two or three times. At the same time, a fire is built on the shore, which is used to roast the pearl divers in turn to drive away the cold. In addition, a pot of hot water is also boiled to blanch the shell of the clam, and after the meat of the clam shell is separated, the dongzhu is taken out.
In 1754, Qianlong Ye went to Jilin Ula to "inspect", personally watched the pearling, and improvised a poem called "Pearl Diving Line":
I have come to give my skills, but the cold muscles of the water are not to be discussed.
Give the wine to the fire order to try, the spirit is very active beyond normal.
The Autumn River and the Mei River are at the bottom, and the Moon of Fang is reflected in the light and new.
Wei Hu swung the oar to the depths, and the long rope threw stones to lead the lips of the boat.
Enter the water to take the mussel load and even, and the slice is as bright as silver.
Three colors and seven colors are also available from time to time, and it is difficult to get a rare treasure.
The order to strike is called to reward the reward, and it is really difficult not to see the peace.
Qianlong Emperor
Loach.
The sturgeon, called the eel by the ancients, is a species of sturgeon, with a gray-green back and a yellow-white belly, which is very beautiful. Adult fish are up to 5 meters long and can weigh up to two tons. In the minds of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, the fish was both a treasure and a holy relic, and the emperor generally used her to worship the ancestors.
In order to facilitate the fishing of squid, the Qing court specially formulated the "relevant regulations" and built the "Fish Building", which became a beautiful scenery at that time. The Qing Dynasty literati "Yulou Xiaojing" is very interesting, let's enjoy it:
Build the first floor for the tribute sturgeon, and the scenery of Linjiang Xiao is remote.
The fisherman slept in the same pile of boats, and the moon hidden forest was slightly rabbit harvested.
The water rushed towards the four corners of the smoke cage, and the mountain contained a wide stream of morning air.
Let him have waves and surges, and I am at the top of Qi Yun.
Pine Blossom Stone
As the name suggests, Pine Blossom Stone is a stationery item specially used for grinding ink blocks into juice, writing or painting. The first pine flower stone discovered and excavated is located in Liangjiang Town, Antu County, Changbai Mountain. As can be seen from the map, this is the middle section of the Songhua River, with lofty mountains, rapid water flow, and deep ditches. Whenever May comes, the yellow and green pine flowers in the pine forest of Changbai Mountain bloom, which is in harmony with the color of the stones here, so the locals call this stone pine flower stone (also called pine flower jade). The pine flower stone made of pine flower stone is "ancient and moist, the color is green and the sound is clear, the ink is beneficial, so its treasure is also" (Kangxi language), "pine flower jade, color pure green, delicate and warm, can be in the middle of the brick, the ink is the same as The Duanxi, the product is only right in the she pit" (Qianlong language), which shows the expensiveness of the pine flower stone.
Third, what is the left of the "tribute" in the northeast today?
Time is like a sieve is always a big wave, and the footsteps of history can persist to the end, and it is often the real witness. More than four hundred years have passed, and as many as 3,000 varieties of tribute that were once "circled" by the Qing government are now few that have survived. For example, in Jilin, in addition to the ginseng that does not produce much, Dongzhu, Squid and Pine Flower Yan have always hovered on the edge of the market. Some precious specialty products have gradually withdrawn from the historical stage. Of course, with the development of the times, a large number of new local specialty products are leveraging the market and becoming one of the important forces to promote local economic development. As for those "tributes", there are also more and more people of insight in the excavation, as the unique "tribute culture" in the northeast has been promoted to the world, and some have entered the homes of ordinary people.
About the Northeast "tribute culture" to share here, welcome to continue to pay attention to more works of the drama Liaozhai, and welcome you to leave valuable comments and suggestions. Thank you!