Africa, located in the western part of the eastern hemisphere, south of Europe, west of Asia, bordering the Indian Ocean to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the north and south of the equator, covers an area of about 30.2 million square kilometers (land area), accounting for 20.4% of the total land area of the world, is the second largest continent in the world, and the second largest continent in population (about 1.286 billion). The african continent plateau covers a vast area, and the plateau at an altitude of 500 meters to 1000 meters accounts for more than 60% of the African area, which is known as the "plateau continent".
Africa is one of the birthplaces of the world's ancient humans and ancient civilizations, and the earliest written records have been recorded since 4000 BC. Egypt in northern Africa is one of the birthplaces of world civilization. Since the Portuguese occupation of Ceuta in 1415, the European powers began to colonize Africa, reaching a peak from about the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, about 95% of the African territory was divided by the great powers, and the resources were plundered for a long time. After 1947, the colonies became independent, and the African Year of Independence (1960) symbolized Africa's liberation from the rule of the great powers and the end of the African colonial era.
The continent's economy is generally backward, but there are still relatively "rich" national regions, the following data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the following are the top ten countries in Africa with leading per capita GDP as follows:
Seychelles (GDP per capita: $11,639)
Total GDP: $1.1 billion
Seychelles, full name Republic of Seychelles, is an archipelagic country located in the Indian Ocean of Eastern Africa. On 29 June 1976, Seychelles declared its independence and established the Republic of Seychelles, a member of the British Commonwealth. Half of the territory is a nature reserve, enjoying the reputation of "tourist paradise".
Seychelles is economically underdeveloped, the industrial and agricultural base is very weak, the general population is engaged in agriculture and fishing, and has many poultry and livestock. In other respects, most of the state's revenue depends on the consumption of inbound tourists.
In 2011, the Seychelles invited China to set up a military base on Mahe to step up its fight against piracy. Seychelles is located in the western Indian Ocean and is made up of 115 large and small islands. The coastal area is 400,000 square kilometers, and the exclusive marine economic zone covers an area of more than 1.4 million square kilometers. The land area is 455.8 square kilometers, and the territorial sea area is about 400,000 square kilometers.
Seychelles Economy and Resources: Seychelles' fisheries are an important pillar of the national economy. The exclusive economic zone of Cyprus is 200 nautical miles, the continental shelf is 200 nautical miles, and the marine economic zone covers an area of about 1.4 million square kilometers. Tuna and other fishery resources are abundant. The forest area is about 2000 hectares. Said's economy is dominated by tourism, fishing and a small amount of handicrafts. Tourism is the first pillar of the economy and generates more than 70% of GDP.
Fisheries are another pillar of the economy, and Seychelles is rich in fishery resources and fish products are the first export commodities. Seychelles relies on imports for food, household goods and means of production, but is expensive. The State implements high welfare policies such as free education, medical care and a lifelong health care system. According to the United Nations Development Programme's 2009 Human Development Report, Cyprus ranks 57th out of 182 countries in the world and first in Africa, making it one of the most suitable countries for human habitation.
Seychelles has a weak agricultural base, with only about 10,000 hectares of arable land. Coconut, cinnamon, mariola, tea, mint and other cash crops are mainly grown. Most of the grain, meat and vegetables are imported. The development of bird droppings is more abundant. It is worth mentioning that canned tuna and shrimp are Seychelles' first and second largest export commodities, respectively.
Seychelles has beautiful scenery, more than 50% of the whole territory has been set aside as nature reserves, enjoying the reputation of "tourist paradise", and in 1993, it ranked third in the world's top ten tourist reviews. The main attractions are Mahe, Praslin, La Digue and Bird Island. Among them, the Russell Nature Reserve on Mahe Island covers an area of 65 hectares, with a full range of tropical fruit trees and flocks of tortoises, Russell is the largest nature reserve on Mahe Island. Tourism is the largest pillar of Serbia's economy, directly or indirectly generating about 72% of the gross domestic product, bringing cypriot more than $100 million in foreign exchange earnings every year, accounting for about 70% of total foreign exchange revenues, and creating 30% of employment.
Mauritius (GDP per capita: 8993)
Total GDP: $11.4 billion
The Republic of Mauritius, an island nation in eastern Africa, is located in the southwestern Indian Ocean, about 800 km from Madagascar and 2,200 km from the African continent. The coastline of Mauritius is 217 km long. It has an area of 2,040 square kilometers (including 175 square kilometers of dependent islands). As a volcanic island nation, Mauritius is surrounded by coral reefs and has a variety of landscapes, with narrow plains along the coast and plateau mountains in the middle, with multiple mountains and isolated peaks. The entire territory consists of the island of Mauritius and other small archipelagos, and after being colonized by the Dutch, French and British countries, it gained independence from British colonization on 12 March 1968, and there are also many Chinese on the island.
It is worth mentioning that Mauritius was once the only place in the world where the dodo bird lived, but the bird was extinct at the end of the 17th century. As of 2013, Mauritius is one of three countries in Africa that have been rated "high" in the HDI.
Mauritius Economic Resources: Mauritius has a tall king brown that only opens once in 100 years. Mauritian tea falcons and pink pigeons are the rarest animals in the world. In fact, Mauritius is relatively scarce in mineral resources, especially oil, natural gas, etc. are completely dependent on imports, hydraulic resources are very limited, fishery resources in offshore waters are scarce, but the 2.3 million square kilometers of exclusive economic zone are rich in fishery resources and rich in tuna.
Mauritius had a single economic structure and produced only sucrose. In the late 1970s, with the support of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, Mauritius implemented an economic restructuring plan, resulting in an economic structure with sugar, export processing and tourism as its three pillars. Since the 1980s, the second phase of the development plan has been implemented, and the export processing industry has gradually shifted from labor-intensive to technology-intensive, striving to become a "new industrial country" in Africa.
In 2013, financial services became the fourth pillar of the Gross economy. Mauritius has a good working and living environment, ranking 54th in the world for quality of life and first in African and Indian Ocean countries.
The national arable land area is 110,800 hectares, accounting for 46% of the total area of the country, of which 76,186 hectares are cane fields and 5,262 hectares are grain fields. Other crops include tea, tobacco, onions, fruits, etc. Animal husbandry is mainly based on raising cattle, sheep, pigs, deer, chickens, etc. 80% dairy products and 90% beef are imported, and pork, chicken and vegetables are basically self-sufficient.
Sugar cane has been the main crop of Mauritius since the 18th century, with sugar cane grown to account for about 90 per cent of the annual cultivated land. In addition to being used to make sucrose, sugar cane grown in Mauritius is also used to make rum (or "rum") or "rum"). Sugar cane was first introduced to Mauritius by the Dutch in 1638, mainly to make "Arrack". It was not until 1850 that the Frenchman Pierre Charles François Harel first advocated the construction of a rum distillery in Mauritius.
Tourism is the third largest foreign exchange earner in Mauritius. Successive governments have attached great importance to improving and developing laws and regulations, and have strongly encouraged local and overseas entrepreneurs to invest. These policies have shifted the economy of Mauritius from an agriculture-based to an industry-based one. A free market economy and a solid, democratic government and modern services have made Mauritius the highest per capita income among developing countries in Africa
GABON (GDP per capita: US$7,421)
Total GDP: $15.6 billion
The Gabonese Republic is located on the west coast of central Africa, across the equatorial line. It is bordered by congo to the east and south, Cameroon to the north, Equatorial Guinea to the northwest and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, with a coastline of 800 km.
Gabon's multi-party system and a new democratic constitution were aimed at advocating greater transparency in the electoral process and many government institutions had been reformed. It is worth mentioning that low population density, combined with abundant natural resources and foreign personal investment, has helped Gabon to become the most prosperous country in the region, with its human development index being the highest among sub-Saharan African countries. Gabon's main export trading partners are the United States, China and Russia, while the source of imports is mainly France.
Gabon's economic resources: Gabon is rich in natural resources, especially enjoying the reputation of "treasure house of resources" and "country of green gold". Gabon mainly includes oil, timber, manganese ore and so on. Recoverable oil reserves are about 400 million tons. Manganese ore reserves of 200 million tons, accounting for a quarter of the world's proven reserves. Niobium ore reserves of about 400,000 tons, accounting for 5% of the world's total reserves. Iron ore reserves range from 8 to 1 billion tonnes at a grade of more than 60%. Other mineral deposits include phosphate, gold, barite, nickel, chromium, zinc and so on.
Gabon's forest area accounts for 85 per cent of its national territory. Log reserves of about 400 million cubic meters, ranking third in Africa. There are more than 400 kinds of commercial trees in the country, mainly Okume wood and Ozigo wood, of which the storage capacity of Okume wood is 130 million cubic meters, ranking first in the world.
Gabon is a middle-income developing country. The foundation of processing industry and agriculture is weak. Oil, manganese, uranium and timber are the four pillars of Gabon's economy. Oil-based extractive industries are the main sector of Gabon's economy. Oil as early as 2006 oil output accounted for 63% of GDP, exports accounted for 85% of total exports, and revenues accounted for 67% of total national fiscal revenue. Manganese ore production is second only to South Africa and Australia, ranking third in the world.
Agriculture and animal husbandry in Gabon have developed slowly, accounting for 8 per cent of GDP in 2002. Grain, meat, vegetables, eggs and fruits are not self-sufficient, and wheat and its products all need to be imported. Less than 2 per cent of the country's land area is arable.
BOTSWANA (GDP per capita: $6,781)
Total GDP: $15.9 billion
Botswana, officially known as the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Namibia to the west, Zimbabwe to the northeast, and the northern end of its territory is only in contact with Zambia near Victoria Falls.
Botswana is one of the countries in Africa with a relatively fast economic development and a better economic situation. In particular, the diamond industry, cattle breeding and the emerging manufacturing industry are the pillar industries. But the disease still poses a serious threat to socio-economic security in the country, and Botswana was once one of the countries with the highest rates of HIV infection in the world. Botswana has a total area of 596,730 square kilometers. Among them, the land area is 581,730 square kilometers, and the water area is 15,000 square kilometers. It is the 45th largest country in the world, after Ukraine. It is comparable in size to Madagascar and slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Texas.
Botswana's economic resources: Botswana is rich in mineral resources. The main mineral deposits are diamonds, followed by copper, nickel, coal, soda ash, platinum, gold, manganese and so on. Diamond reserves and production are among the highest in the world. Proven copper-nickel ore reserves are 46 million tons and coal reserves are 17 billion tons. Bo is one of the countries with relatively fast economic development and better economic conditions in Africa. The diamond industry, cattle breeding and the emerging manufacturing industry are the pillar industries. Export diamond revenue has surpassed the traditional export of foreign exchange-earning main livestock products.
Tourism in Botswana is more developed. Assess Botswana as one of the two most competitive countries in Africa. Back in 2004, Botswana was once again assessed as an "A" by Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's, making Botswana the lowest credit risk country in Africa, on par with countries in Central, East Asia and Latin America.
Bo is one of the world's leading producers of rough diamonds. The Bo government is actively developing the diamond processing industry to increase the profits of the diamond industry and has approved the business licenses of 4 diamond processing enterprises. As early as 2008, the diamond production was 32.6 million carats, with an output value of 3.27 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world. Bo is one of the major tourist countries in Africa. Rich in tourism resources, it is a country with a large number of wild animal species and numbers in Africa. The government has designated 38% of the country's land as wildlife sanctuaries, established 3 national parks and 5 wildlife sanctuaries. Chobe National Park and the Okavango Delta Wildlife Sanctuary are the main tourist attractions. Tourism is now the second largest source of foreign exchange earnings and is a key development industry in the economic diversification strategy.
Equatorial Guinea (GDP per capita: US$ 6773)
Total GDP: $9.5 billion
Equatorial Guinea is located in central and western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Cameroon to the north, and Gabon to the east and south. It consists of the Muni River region on the mainland and the islands of Bioco, Anoben and Koresco in the Gulf of Guinea.
Equatorial Guinea's economy is dominated by farming, with the main export product being cocoa, followed by coffee. The country has long been included in the list of the world's least developed countries, but in 1996 a large number of oil resources were discovered in the territorial waters of Equatorial Guinea, and since then the country's economy has grown rapidly, with per capita GDP exceeding $20,000. But the vast majority of oil revenues are in the hands of key officials and the ruling clique, so the overall economic income of the country's citizens remains in poverty. He officially became a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council on 1 January 2018 for a two-year term.
Equatorial Guinea has an area of 28,051.46 square kilometers (of which the mainland part is 26,017.46 square kilometers and the island is 2,034 square kilometers)
Economic resources of Equatorial Guinea: mineral deposits include oil, natural gas, phosphate, gold, bauxite, etc. Natural gas and crude oil reserves are estimated at 37.5 billion cubic meters and 3 billion barrels, respectively. The country's forest area is about 2.2 million hectares, the forest coverage rate is 80%, and the wood accumulation is about 374 million cubic meters, producing precious wood such as Okame wood and ebony wood, mainly distributed in the mainland.
Equatorial Guinea's economy is dominated by farming, with the main export product being cocoa, followed by coffee. The country has long been included in the list of the world's least developed countries, but in 1996 a large number of oil resources were discovered in the territorial waters of Equatorial Guinea, and since then the country's economy has grown rapidly, and by 2004 Equatorial Guinea had become the third largest oil producer in sub-Saharan Africa, producing 360,000 barrels per day. In particular, in 2002, a METHANOL production base with an investment of US$415 million was completed and put into operation in the capital Malabo, with an annual output of 925,000 tons of methanol. The company is the largest methanol producer in Africa, accounting for 3% of the world's total production.
Equatorial Guinea has about 850,000 hectares of arable land, and 70% of the working population is engaged in agriculture. Food is not self-sufficient. The main food crops are cassava, taro, corn and so on. The main cash crops are cocoa and coffee. Akagi has 300,000 square kilometers of exclusive fishing area at sea, rich in tuna, African yellow croaker and prawns.
South Africa (GDP per capita: $5,067)
Total GDP: $302.1 billion
Located in the southern hemisphere, South Africa is known as the "Rainbow Nation", located at the southernmost tip of the African continent, with a land area of 1219090 square kilometers, surrounded by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean on its eastern, southern and western sides, and bordering Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Eswatini on land. It is separated from Australia by the Indian Ocean to the east and Brazil and Argentina to the west by the Atlantic Ocean.
South Africa is the second largest economy in Africa, its citizens have a high standard of living, and South Africa's economy is relatively stable compared to other African countries.
South Africa's finance, law, communications, energy, transportation industry is developed, has a complete hardware infrastructure and stock trading market, especially gold, diamond production accounted for the world's first. Technologies such as deep well mining are world leaders. But in international affairs South Africa has been identified as a middle power and maintains significant regional influence.
South Africa has three capitals: pretoria (now renamed Tswane) the administrative capital (seat of the central government), Bloemfontein as the judicial capital (seat of the Supreme Court) and Cape Town as the legislative capital (seat of parliament).
The Cape of Good Hope route at the southwestern tip of South Africa has traditionally been one of the busiest sea lanes in the world, known as the "Western Maritime Lifeline".
South Africa's economic resources: South Africa is famous for its rich mineral resources, as of 2004, there are more than 70 kinds of proven reserves and mined minerals, of which gold, platinum group metals, manganese, vanadium, chromium, silicon, aluminate reserves rank first in the world, of which gold reserves account for 60% of the world, vermiculite, zircon, titanium, fluorite ranks second, phosphate, antimony ranks fourth, uranium, lead ranks fifth, coal and zinc rank eighth, iron ore ranks ninth, copper ranks fourteenth. Diamonds, asbestos, copper, vanadium, uranium and coal, iron, titanium, mica, lead, etc. are also extremely rich, gold, diamonds, vanadium, manganese, chromium, antimony, uranium, asbestos and other production are among the highest in the world.
According to the statistics of the South African Bureau of Mines, the proven mineral reserves in 2007 were: 36,000 tons of gold (40.1% of the world's total reserves, the same below), platinum group metals 70,000 tons (87.7%), manganese 4 billion tons (80%), vanadium 12 million tons (32%), vermiculite 80 million tons (40%), chromium 5.5 billion tons (72.7 billion tons). 4%), uranium 341,000 tons (7.2%), coal 27.981 billion tons (6.1%), iron ore 1.5 billion tons (0.9%), titanium 244 million tons (16.9%), zirconium 14 million tons (19.4%), fluorite 80 million tons (16.7%), phosphate 2.5 billion tons (5.0%), antimony 200,000 tons (4.7%), lead 3 million tons (2.0%), zinc 15 million tons (3.3%), copper 13 million tons (1.4%).
South Africa is the second largest economy in Africa, the per capita living standard is among the best in Africa, the industrial system is the most complete in Africa, the deep well mining technology is at the forefront of the world, and minerals are the main source of south Africa's economy. South Africa is a middle-income developing country. Abundant in natural resources. The financial and legal systems are perfect, and the infrastructure such as communications, transportation, and energy is complete. Mining, manufacturing, agriculture and services are the four pillars of the economy, and technologies such as deep well mining are world leaders.
South Africa's manufacturing, construction, energy and mining are the four major sectors of South African industry. In 2008, manufacturing output accounted for about 16 per cent of GDP. The main products are steel, metal products, chemicals, transportation equipment, machine manufacturing, food processing, textiles, clothing and so on. The steel industry is the backbone of South Africa's manufacturing industry, with six steel conglomerates and more than 130 steel companies. South Africa has become the world's largest producer and exporter of gold. Electricity generation accounts for 60% of all of Africa.
South Africa's power industry is more developed, accounting for 2/3 of the power generation in Africa, of which about 92% is thermal power generation, which is one of the lowest electricity bills in the world. In particular, the state-owned South African Electricity Company (ESKOM) is the seventh largest electricity producer and ninth largest electricity sales enterprise in the world, with the world's largest dry and cold power station, supplying 95% of South Africa's electricity consumption and 60% of Africa's electricity consumption. Near Cape Town is the only nuclear power plant on the African continent, the Koebelg Nuclear Power Plant, with a power generation capacity of 1.844 million kilowatts.
SASOL south Africa's coal-based and natural gas-based synthetic fuel technology is the world's leading commercialization level, and its liquid fuel production accounts for about 1/4 of South Africa's total fuel supply. South Africa is the world's leading producer and exporter of gold, platinum group metals and chromium. Diamond production accounts for about 9% of the world's diamonds. South Africa's De Beers is the world's largest diamond production and marketing company, controlling 60% of the world's rough diamond trade.
The main crops in South Africa are: corn, wheat, sugar cane, barley and so on. The export volume of cane sugar is among the highest in the world, and the quality of all kinds of canned food, tobacco, wine, coffee and beverages meets international standards, and wine enjoys an international reputation. South Africa is also the world's leading diamond producer, accounting for about 8.5% of the world's production. 7%。 South Africa's De Beers is the world's largest diamond production and sales company, with total assets of $20 billion, and its turnover once accounted for 90% of the world diamond supply market, controlling 60% of the world rough diamond trade.
Namibia (GDP per capita: $4,175)
Total GDP: $10.6 billion
The Republic of Namibia is located in southwest Africa, bordered by Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south. The altitude is 1000-2000 meters, arid and rainy, and it has a subtropical and semi-desert climate. The country is divided into 13 boroughs and 50 local governments, with the capital Windhoek.
Namibia is sparsely populated and rich in mineral resources, mining, fisheries and animal husbandry are the three traditional pillar industries, and the manufacturing industry is not developed. Namibia is located in southern Africa, bordering Angola and Zambia to the north and Botswana and South Africa to the east and south. With an area of 824,269 square kilometers, it ranks 15th in Africa and 34th in the world
Namibia's economic resources: Namibia is rich in mineral resources, has always been known as the "strategic metal reserve", the main mineral deposits are diamonds, uranium, copper, silver, etc., of which diamond production is well-known in the world. The mining industry is the main pillar of its economy, with 90 per cent of mineral products exported and nearly 20 per cent of GDP generated by mining.
Namibia is rich in fishery resources, and its catch ranks among the top ten fish-producing countries in the world, mainly producing cod, sardines, etc., of which 90% are exported. The Namibian government has given priority to agriculture, and agriculture and animal husbandry has become one of the country's pillar industries. The main food crops are maize, sorghum and millet. Namibia's livestock industry is more developed, accounting for 88% of the total income of agriculture and animal husbandry. In addition to the three pillar industries of mining, fisheries and agriculture and animal husbandry, Namibia's tourism industry has developed rapidly, with an output value of about 7% of GDP. In 1997, Namibia became a member of the World Tourism Organization. In December 2005, Namibia became a self-funded tourist destination for Chinese citizens.
One of the countries with the richest marine fishery resources in the world, mineral resources and production such as uranium and diamonds rank among the top in Africa. Mining, fisheries and agriculture and animal husbandry are the three traditional pillar industries, and the planting and manufacturing industries are relatively backward. In 2008, Namibia replaced Russia as the world's fourth-largest uranium producer, accounting for about 10% of the world's total share. That's an important supplier of diamonds.
70 per cent of the population lives in rural areas, and agriculture absorbs 65 per cent of the labour force. Purple lambskin production is famous all over the world. According to the FAO report, Namibia is the most hungry of the 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with about 34% of the population living in a chronic state of hunger, much higher than the global average of 12.5% and 22.9% in Africa, Namibia is one of the world's countries with food insecurity. Tourism is more developed, with an output value of about 10% of GDP. Tourist attractions such as beaches and nature reserves are concentrated in the northern and southern regions, of which the Northern Aiteosa Park is famous all over the world. 1In January 2011, the Namibian government announced the construction of the entire coastal area of 1,570 kilometers of coastline and an area of 107,000 square kilometers into the Namib-Skull Coastal National Park, making the area the eighth largest nature reserve in the world and the largest nature reserve in Africa. According to a report released by the World Economic Forum, in 2011, Namibia ranked third in the Sub-Saharan Africa Countries' Tourism Competition Index, behind Mauritius and South Africa alone.
Egypt (GDP per capita: $3,587)
Total GDP: $361.8 billion
Egypt, located in eastern North Africa, also includes the Sinai Peninsula, east of the Suez Canal and at the southwestern tip of Asia. Egypt is both a major point of land communication between Asia and Africa and a shortcut to the atlantic ocean and the Indian Ocean, and its strategic location is very important. Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East and the second most populous country in Africa, and has long been in a leading position in Africa in the economic, scientific and technological fields.
Ancient Egypt is one of the four major ancient civilizations in the world and the earliest kingdom in the world. But today's Egyptian Arabs are not ancient Egyptians. The culture is also completely different. Egypt is an African power and the third largest economy in Africa. Egypt is home to many places of interest, such as the internationally renowned Pyramids and valley of the Kings.
Egypt's economy is one of the most diversified in the Middle East. Important industries such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services have an almost equal proportion of development. Egypt is also considered a mid-power, with particularly wide influence in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the Islamic faith. Despite Egypt's strong influence in Africa and the Middle East, egypt's economy is less optimistic, with much of the country living in poverty.
Egypt's birth rate is so high that about 10 million people are not registered, and European experts estimate that Egypt's population may already be more than 100 million. The official language of Egypt is Arabic. For historical reasons, English and French are also widely used in Egypt.
Egypt's Suez Canal is the main transportation route connecting europe, Asia and Africa. The Suez Canal, which connects the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, is strategically located and economically important.
Egypt's economic resources: the main resources are oil, natural gas, phosphate, iron and so on. Proven reserves are: 4.45 billion barrels of oil (January 2013), 2.186 trillion cubic meters of natural gas (January 2012), about 7 billion tons of phosphate, and 60 million tons of iron ore. In addition, there are manganese, coal, gold, zinc, chromium, silver, molybdenum, copper and talc. The average daily production of crude oil is 711,500 barrels, the daily production of natural gas is 168 million cubic meters, and the amount of natural gas consumed domestically accounts for 70% of total natural gas production, and the remaining 30% is exported.
Egypt is the third largest economy in Africa, an open market economy with a relatively complete industrial, agricultural and service system. The services sector accounts for about 50 per cent of GDP. The industry is mainly light industry such as textile and food processing. The rural population accounts for 55 per cent of the total population and agriculture accounts for 14 per cent of GDP. Oil and gas, tourism, remittances and the Suez Canal are the four major sources of foreign exchange earnings. More than one third of the working population in Egypt is engaged in agriculture.
The country's arable land area is 3.1 million hectares, accounting for about 3.7% of the total land area, and the vast majority of it is irrigated land. Intensive farming, which can be two or three times a year, is the highest yield per unit area in Africa. The main production of long-staple cotton and rice, the output is the first in Africa, corn, wheat in the forefront of Africa, but also sugarcane, peanuts and so on. Agriculture occupies an important place in the Egyptian national economy.
Egypt's rural population accounts for 52 per cent of the country's population. The Government attaches great importance to agricultural development and the expansion of arable land. The main crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sorghum, corn, sugarcane, flax, peanuts, fruits, vegetables and so on. It is worth mentioning that Egypt has a long history, many places of interest and historical sites, and has good conditions for the development of tourism. The Government attaches great importance to the development of tourism. The main tourist attractions are the Pyramids, the Sphinx, the Luxor Temple, the Aswan High Dam, Sharm El Sheikh and more.
Egypt is a gift from the Nile. The Nile Valley and Delta are the cradle of Egyptian culture and one of the birthplaces of world culture. The Nile is 1530 km long in Egypt, forming a 3-16 km wide valley on both sides, which divides into two tributaries and flows into the Mediterranean Sea after reaching Cairo. The two tributaries alluvially form the Nile Delta, which covers an area of 24,000 square kilometers, making it the most densely populated and fertile region in Egypt, accounting for 96% of the country's total population and two-thirds of arable land. Almost all of Egypt's water comes from the Nile. Under the agreement signed by the nine countries of the Nile Basin, Egypt enjoys a share of 55.5 billion cubic meters of river water per year.
IX. Eswatini (GDP per capita: US$3504)
Total GDP: $3.9 billion
Eswatini, it is a landlocked country in southeast Africa, surrounded by South Africa on the north, west and south, and adjacent to Mozambique in the east. It is located on the eastern slopes of the Drakens Mountains on the southeastern edge of the South African highlands. Eswatini gross domestic product per capita is among the highest in black African countries and is classified by the World Bank as a lower-middle-income country.
Eswatini economy is heavily dependent on South Africa, with little room for maneuver, a single export commodity, uneven development, and a huge disparity between the rich and the poor in society. Eswatini is a small landlocked country in southeast Africa, surrounded by South Africa on the north, west and south, and Adjacent to Mozambique to the east. The total area of the country is 17,363 square kilometers.
Eswatini economic resources: Eswatini is rich in natural resources, and the main mineral deposits are asbestos, coal, iron, gold, diamonds, kaolin and so on. There are also small reserves of gold and diamonds. The forest area is 541,000 hectares, accounting for about 31.5% of the total area. Planted forests are among the largest in the world.
Agriculture and animal husbandry occupy an important position in the national economy. 80% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Sri Lanka has arable land, which accounts for 14.3 per cent of the total land area, but is currently not self-sufficient in food. Grassland pastures account for about 67% of the total land area. The main crops are sugarcane, corn, cotton and so on. Sugarcane cultivation is the most employed industry in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan tourism is more developed, but it is basically controlled by a South African consortium. The gaming industry is a major feature of Sri Lanka's tourism industry, with about 60% of foreign tourists being gamblers. In recent years, the Sri Lankan government has attracted tourists by developing safari parks and displaying sri lanka's rich and varied culture of etiquette. The ceremonial culture includes various celebrations in the royal palace, traditional weddings and various folk dances. In addition, South Africa is Slovakia's main trading partner.
Tunisia (GDP per capita: $3,323)
Total GDP: $39.6 billion
Tunisia, located at the northernmost tip of the African continent, faces the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east, across the Strait of Tunisia from italy, Sicily, and guards the key point of the Mediterranean Sea to the east and west, with Libya in the southeast and Algeria in the west. Tunisia is one of the few countries in the world with a concentration of beaches, deserts, mountain forests and ancient civilizations, a place where a long civilization and multiculturalism converge. Tunisia is located in the middle of the Mediterranean region and has a coastline of 1,300 kilometers.
Tunisia is located in the middle of the Mediterranean sea route between the Middle East, West Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia between Northern Africa, Western Europe and Asia, and is the only way for Middle East oil to be transported to Western Europe and the United States, and its geographical location is very important.
Tunisia's economic resources: Tunisia has more than 40 million olive oil plants. Sfax City is said to be surrounded by 27,000 of the world's largest olive trees, each more than 13 meters tall.
Tunisia's main resources are: phosphate, oil, natural gas, iron, aluminum, zinc and so on. Proven reserves: 2 billion tons of phosphate, 70 million tons of oil, 61.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 25 million tons of iron ore. Tunisia mainly has a chemical industry and oil extraction industries that use phosphate as raw materials. Tunisia has 9 million hectares of arable land, of which 5 million hectares have been arable, of which 7% is watered, about 345,000 hectares.
35 per cent of the country's labour force is engaged in agriculture, and the food self-sufficiency rate is 60 per cent. It is worth mentioning that Tunisia is one of the main producers of olive oil, olive oil production accounts for 4 to 9% of the world's total olive oil production, olive oil has become the main export of foreign exchange-earning agricultural products. Tourism occupies an important position in the national economy and is the largest source of foreign exchange. Tunisia has five major tourist centers, and the Sousse "Condavi" center is the largest tourist base in the country. The city of Tunis, Sousse, Monastir, Bunjiao and Djerba are well-known tourist areas.