Quantum entanglement is the weirdest thing in quantum mechanics because it produces "ghostly hyperactivity." In a future world, humans may be able to achieve "teleportation" through quantum entanglement, teleporting a human body or object from one place to another.
During his lifetime, Einstein used to say that quantum mechanics was not wrong, that it was just that it was so far incomplete and had not yet identified the key elements that could accurately predict things.
Despite Einstein's assessment, Bohr remained unmoved. Although Einstein said, "God doesn't roll the dice," Pohr replied, "Stop telling me what God should do." But in 1935, Einstein thought he had finally found the Achilles heel of quantum mechanics. This event is so bizarre that it violates all the logic in the universe, and Einstein believes that this is the key to being able to prove that quantum mechanics is incomplete — this is "quantum entanglement."
<h2 class="RichEditor-header-two" > the dispute between Bohr and Aishi</h2>
The strangest, most irrational, crazyst, and most absurd prediction of quantum mechanics in history is "quantum entanglement." Quantum entanglement is a theoretical prediction derived from the equations of quantum mechanics. If two particles are close enough, they can become entangled and connect certain properties. Surprisingly, quantum mechanics showed that even if you separate the two particles and have them move in the opposite direction, they still can't get out of the entangled state.
To understand how weird quantum entanglement is, we can use the "spin" of electrons as an example. Unlike a gyroscope, the spin of an electron is always wandering and cannot be determined until the moment you observe it. When you look at it, you see that it either rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Suppose there are two pairs of entangled electrons, and when one of them rotates clockwise, the other rotates counterclockwise, and vice versa. The strange thing though is that they don't really connect together.
Pol and his colleagues, a firm believer in quantum theory, believe that quantum entanglement can predict the state of pairs of electrons far apart, even if one of them is on Earth and the other is on the moon, and there are no transmission lines connected, and if you observe one of the electrons rotating clockwise at some point, then the other must be rotating counterclockwise at the same moment. In other words, if you observe one of the particles, you not only affect it, but your observation also affects the partner it is entangled with, and it has nothing to do with the distance between the two particles. This strange long-distance connection of two particles, which Einstein called "ghostly hypercrange action."
The magic of quantum entanglement is that when you measure one particle, it also affects the state of the other, even though there is no force, pulley, or telephone line between the two, and there is no way to communicate with each other. This is really weird!
Einstein couldn't believe that entanglement worked this way, so he convinced himself that it was math, not reality, that was wrong. He agrees that entangled particles exist, but he thinks there are simpler ways to explain why they are connected to each other without having to involve mysterious hyperclides. He firmly believes that a pair of entangled particles is more like a pair of gloves. Imagine placing a pair of gloves in two boxes, one of which you keep for safekeeping, and the other in Antarctica, where you know before you open the box that there are gloves of your left or right hand. Then you open the box, and if you see the gloves on your left hand, in that instant, even if no one has looked at the box in Antarctica, you can know that it contains the gloves of your right hand.
It's not a mystery at all, you open the box and obviously don't affect the gloves in the other box. The box next to you holds the gloves of the left hand, and the box in Antarctica holds the gloves of the right hand, which was decided when it was first loaded. Einstein believed that the so-called entangled state was nothing more than that, and that all the states of the electrons were determined when they separated from each other.
<h2 class="RichEditor-header-two" > Bohr and Aishi, who is right and who is wrong? </h2>
The quantum mechanical equation espoused by Bohr showed that entangled particles could connect with each other even if they were far apart, while Einstein did not believe in ghostly connections, believing that everything was decided before you looked. Einstein claimed that particles determine their spin state before they are observed. You say to Einstein, "Then how do you know," and he says, "You measure it and you find that absolute spin." Bohr would say, "But the state of the spin is due to your observations." At the time, no one knew how to solve this problem, so the problem was considered a philosophical problem, not a scientific problem. In 1955, before his death, Einstein still believed that quantum mechanics was an incomplete theory.
<h2 class="RichEditor-header-two" > Kroneser's verification</h2>
In 1967, at Columbia University in the United States, Einstein's task of challenging quantum mechanics was undertaken by a young man. At the time, John Clauser was looking for a phD thesis in astrophysics. After reading a little-known paper by the Irish physicist John Bell, Krause thought he had found an experimental way to verify who was right and who was wrong. In this paper, Bell has discovered how to verify whether entangled particles communicate with ghostly effects, or whether there are no ghosts at all, and the state of particles is as long as a pair of gloves. Bell even used mathematical calculations to prove that if this ghostly effect does not hold, then quantum mechanics is as wrong as Einstein thought. Bell is a theoretical physicist, and his paper shows that as long as you can build an instrument that can make and compare entangled particles in large quantities, this problem can be solved.
As Bell imagined in his paper, Clauzer designed the instruments that would quell the controversy. "I was just a clumsy graduate student at the time, and I was lucky enough to have the opportunity to discover results that would shock the world." Clauzer's instrument could measure thousands of entangled particles and then compare their spin states, but as the results became apparent, Krause was surprised and displeased. "I keep asking myself: Am I doing something wrong?" Krauzer repeated his experiment repeatedly. Soon after, the French physicist Alain Aspect conducted more definitive tests and got more definite results, eliminating all doubts.
The results of Clauzer and Asper are quite astonishing, they proved that the equations of quantum mechanics are correct, entanglement is real, and particles can connect across space—and measuring one of them can indeed instantly affect its distant companions, as if crossing a spatial limit. The "ghostly hyperactivity" that Einstein thought was impossible before his death did exist. "Once again, I feel sorry that I didn't overthrow quantum mechanics, because it was difficult for me to understand quantum mechanics, both then and now." Clauzer said.
<h2 class="RichEditor-header-two" > teleportation technology</h2>
Quantum entanglement is the weirdest thing in quantum mechanics. Even if we can't grasp it, don't ask why, we can only say that this is how the world clearly works. If we can accept that the world is so strange in the first place, can we use this "ghostly hyperactivity" to do something useful? Well, one of the dreams is to achieve "teleportation", which transports a human body or object from one place to another without having to go through the space in between.
The American science fiction drama "Star Trek" always uses the "teleportation" method to send people from one place to another. But this is science fiction, can quantum entanglement make dreams come true? In fact, experiments with teleportation have long been conducted off the coast of the African Canary Islands. "We chose to do the experiment in the Canary Islands because there are two observatories here, and the experimental environment is great." Says Anton Zeilinger, an experimental physicist at the University of Vienna. Zellinger's teleportation object is not himself or someone else, he is trying to use quantum entanglement to transmit a single tiny particle, in this case a particle of light, that is, a photon.
He first created a pair of entangled photons in His lab in La Palma, leaving one in La Palma and the other lasering the island of Tenerife, 140 kilometers away. Zellinger adds a third photon to be teleported, so that it interacts with the entangled photons left in La Palma. The research team compared the quantum states of the two photons, and something magical happened. Thanks to the ghostly hyperactivity, the team was able to use this comparison to transform entangled photons on distant islands into the same thing as the third photon, as if the third photon had instantly surpassed the ocean.
"It's like taking out the information of the original photon and reconstructing it in the distance." Using this technique, Zellinger has successfully transmitted dozens of photons.
What if this technology continues to evolve? Since our bodies are also made up of particles, can this technology be used to transmit the human body in the future? If you're in Shanghai and want to go to Paris for lunch, quantum entanglement could theoretically make it happen in the future. You just have to turn yourself into a bunch of particles in Shanghai and tangle them with another bunch of particles in Paris.
Imagine a day in the distant future, in Shanghai, when you walk into a transparent cylindrical scanning module, and the device begins to crush your body, break it down into elementary particles, and scan each particle; at the same time, a scanning module in Paris also scans the particles, listing the quantum state comparison table of the two sets of particles in Shanghai and Paris, and then adding the entanglement effect. The operator then transmits a quantum state comparison table to Paris, where it is used to reconstruct the exact quantum state of your body particles.
Thanks to the ghostly hyperclide action, the other one takes shape in Paris. It's not that the particles of your body moved from Shanghai to Paris, but that quantum entanglement allows your quantum state to be captured in Shanghai, so your replica goes to Paris. It is indeed you who took shape in Paris, because when you measured the state of all the particles in Shanghai, you had already destroyed the original you.
With current technology, we are still far from the "teleportation" of the human body, but such a vision will still provoke us to ponder. Obviously, there is no difference between you in Shanghai and paris, because according to quantum mechanics, it is not the physical particles that make you you, but the information contained in these physical particles, and the information in the millions of trillions of particles that make up your body can be transmitted. But you may still ask: Am I really me over there in Paris?
According to Zellinger, "This is a profound philosophical question. Is the individual who arrives at the receiving station the original individual? The 'original' individual I am talking about should contain all the characteristics of the original individual, and if this is the case, then it can be regarded as 'original'."
However, human emotions are often irrational. Clauzer once said, "I don't want to step into that machine." ”