#历史开讲 #
The Later Qin Dynasty was a very important regime in Chinese history, and its emergence and demise had a profound impact on Chinese history. So, what kind of relationships did the Later Qin have with other regimes, and what impact did these relationships have on Chinese history?
Later Qin's relationship with powerful regimes in the north
1. The Yao clan belonged to Former Qin, and Later Qin destroyed Former Qin
Yao Xing was the founder of Later Qin, and he was originally a general of Northern Liang. After the fall of Northern Liang, Yao Xing took some of his subordinates to the northwest region and established the Later Qin regime. However, before the fall of Former Qin, Yao Xing and his family were vassals of Former Qin, and only later joined Later Qin.
At the beginning of the establishment of Later Qin, Later Qin also received some of the power of Former Qin, as well as some political systems and cultural traditions. However, there were also some contradictions and conflicts between the Later Qin and the Former Qin. Eventually, Later Qin destroyed Former Qin in 394 and became a powerful regime in the northwestern region.
2. The tonghao between Later Qin and Northern Wei, the confrontation in the battle of Chaibi, and peace
During the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms period, Northern Wei became one of the most powerful regimes in Chinese history. Between the Later Qin and Northern Wei dynasties, there were some political, military and cultural exchanges and rivalries. On the military front, Later Qin fought several wars with Northern Wei.
One of the most famous battles was the Battle of Chaibi in 431 AD. In this war, Later Qin's army encountered the Northern Wei army at Chaibi at the southern foothills of the Qin Mountains. The two sides engaged in a long confrontation, and eventually Later Qin's army was defeated, and Yao was killed in the war. After that, Later Qin gradually declined until it was destroyed by Northern Wei in 439.
In terms of politics and culture, there were also some exchanges and cooperation between the Later Qin and Northern Wei dynasties. For example, before the Battle of Chaibi in 431 AD, there was a period of good communication between Later Qin and Northern Wei.
In addition, after the Battle of Chaibi, Northern Wei also sent some emissaries to Later Qin in an attempt to reconnect with Later Qin. In the end, a peace treaty was reached between Later Qin and Northern Wei, ending the war between the two. This peace allowed Later Qin to retain some territory and tribes, and Northern Wei gained some benefits.
Later Qin's relationship with Helianxia and Helong regimes
1. The relationship between Later Qin and Helianxia
Helianxia was a regime established by the Helian tribe of the Xianbei tribe, which was founded around the same time as Later Qin, both around 384 AD. On the military front, Later Qin fought several wars with Helian Xia, the most famous of which was the Battle of Weinan in 407 AD, in which Later Qin was victorious.
In terms of politics, there were also some exchanges between Later Qin and Helian Xia, but there were great differences in political systems and cultural traditions between the two sides.
2. The relationship between Later Qin and Southern Liang
Southern Liang was a regime established after the fall of Former Liang, and its founder was Lü Guang. At the beginning of the establishment of Southern Liang, the relationship between Later Qin and Southern Liang was relatively friendly, and Later Qin once provided some support to Southern Liang. However, in the later development process, Southern Liang's strength gradually weakened, and Later Qin began to adopt a relatively tough attitude towards Southern Liang.
3. The relationship between Later Qin and Later Liang
On the military front, Later Liang fought several wars with Later Qin, the most famous of which was the Battle of Lianzhou in 416 AD. In terms of politics, there were also some exchanges and cooperation between Later Liang and Later Qin, but there were also huge differences in political systems and cultural traditions between the two sides.
4. The relationship between Later Qin and Western Qin
Western Qin was a regime established after the fall of Former Qin, and its founder was Qifu Qiangui. At the beginning of the establishment of Western Qin, relations between Later Qin and Western Qin were relatively friendly, and Later Qin provided some support to Western Qin. However, in the later development process, Later Qin gradually grew, Western Qin's strength gradually weakened, and the relationship between the two also changed.
5. The reason why the Helong regimes rebelled and surrendered
The relationship between the Helong regimes is very complex, sometimes cooperative, sometimes hostile. In such cases, some regimes sometimes defect and sometimes surrender.
This phenomenon is mainly due to the disparity in power and the difference in political systems between the Helong regimes. In this case, some regimes chose to surrender in order to obtain better opportunities for development, while some regimes chose to defect in order to maintain their independent status.
Later Qin's political relationship with the Eastern Jin Dynasty
1. The Yao Group is attached to the Eastern Jin Dynasty
At the beginning of the establishment of the Later Qin, the Yao clique was the main force of the Later Qin regime, and they consolidated their political position by attaching themselves to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Yao Xing was a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty before establishing the Later Qin regime, and he gained the trust of the Eastern Jin Dynasty by performing well on the battlefields of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
At the beginning of the establishment of Later Qin, Yao Xing sent his son Yao Yizhong to the court of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to express his allegiance to the Eastern Jin Emperor. The Eastern Jin court also sent envoys to Later Qin to give Yao Xing the title of "Envoy Holding Festival, Dudu Xirong Army, Great General, Liangzhou Mu, and Liangzhou Assassination".
2. The stalemate stage after the establishment of the state of Later Qin
As the Later Qin regime grew, it began to gradually break away politically from the influence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the beginning of the establishment of Later Qin, the Eastern Jin court had not yet recognized the legal status of Later Qin, and the Later Qin regime could not fully control the original Eastern Jin officials.
Under these circumstances, the Later Qin regime gradually clashed and contradicted the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 397, the Later Qin army captured the city of Liangzhou and took control of the entire Liangzhou power, marking the beginning of the Later Qin regime's political independence from the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
3. Liu Yu's Northern Expedition
As the Later Qin regime gradually grew, the Eastern Jin regime was also constantly weakening. Liu Yu was an important general in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, and he had fought the Later Qin regime in the Northern Expedition. In 403, Liu Yu launched a large-scale Northern Expedition, in which he led his army into Chang'an and occupied large areas of territory. However, Liu Yu eventually failed, and he was forced to withdraw to Chang'an, allowing the Later Qin regime to continue to exist.
4. Reflections on the demise of the Later Qin
In 416, the Northern Wei regime inherited the political legacy of the Former and Later Qin dynasties and became an important regime in Chinese history. The demise of the Later Qin regime marked the rise of the Northern Wei regime in northern China and had a profound impact on Chinese history.
In the political relationship between Later Qin and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the dependence of the Yao clique and the appreciation of the Eastern Jin court enabled the rapid establishment and development of the Later Qin. The establishment and development of the Later Qin Dynasty was inextricably linked with the political, economic, and cultural aspects of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
However, as the Later Qin regime gradually grew, relations between Later Qin and the Eastern Jin Dynasty gradually became tense and eventually evolved into hostile relations. During Liu Yu's Northern Expedition, Later Qin continued to exist, but the Later Qin regime was eventually destroyed by Northern Wei. The demise of the Later Qin regime marked a reshuffle of the political landscape in northern China.
Bibliography:
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