On November 24, 2019, the National Academic Symposium on the Prevention and Control of Grassland Nightcrawler was held in Guangzhou. The seminar was hosted by the Guangdong Provincial Technical Guidance Expert Group on the Prevention and Control of Grassland Nocturnal Moth, South China Agricultural University, the Institute of Plant Protection of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, co-organized by Fumeishi (China) Investment Co., Ltd., and hosted by Guangzhou Ruifeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and other enterprises, aiming to exchange and share the new progress, new achievements and prevention and control theory system of grassland moth prevention and control.
Wu Kongming, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Feng Tong, deputy director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province, Yang Shaohai, vice president of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wu Hong, vice president of South China Agricultural University, and more than 300 plant protection experts, heads of agricultural departments and pesticide enterprises attended the meeting to discuss the prevention and control technology of the grassland night moth.
Prevention and control are in place to save 100 million mu of corn
Wu Kongming, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said, "This year's grassland night moth prevention and control is strong, killing the adult insects that have migrated to the ground in time, slowing down the migration speed, saving 100 million mu of corn, and reducing the actual area by 100 million mu compared with the estimated area." ", caused a burst of applause from the participants. Talking about the "moth" is no longer discolored, the prevention and control technology of the national grassland night moth has been on the right track and is becoming more and more perfect.
Wu Kongming, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, made a report
At present, the grassland moth has been identified on 17 crops (sorghum, millet, sugarcane, coix, wheat, barley, peanuts, arrowroot, curcumin, aromatherapy, bananas, ginger, potatoes, rapeseed, peppers, cabbage, kale) and 5 species of weeds (Sudan grass, imperial bamboo grass, barley grass, matang, beef tendon grass). Yang Puyun, a researcher at the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, introduced that in 2019, the national corn occurrence area of grassland night moth was 1104347 hectares, accounting for 98.61% of all pest crops, sugarcane accounted for 1.09%, and other crops accounted for 0.3%.
As of October 8, in addition to Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Xinjiang, the grassland moth invaded 27 provinces (cities, districts), including Taiwan, and the damage occurred in 22 provinces and more than 1,340 counties. Feng Tong, deputy director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province, introduced that the current occurrence area in Guangdong Province is 60,239 mu, and the cumulative occurrence of grassland moths in the province is 224485 mu, covering 93 counties (cities, districts) in 21 prefecture-level cities, mainly harming corn, and locally and sporadically harming sugarcane, bananas and peanuts. The average hazard loss rate is 4.6%, and the hazard loss rate of more than 10% accounts for about 20% of the total area. Zhang Zhixiang, a professor at South China Agricultural University, introduced that the study of the formation of pesticide granules and liquids to control the grassland moth, through precise application, the amount of pesticide can be reduced by 50%.
Next year, the early northward migration may be a full-scale outbreak
"This year's harm to the grassland night moth is only a tentative attack of some 'sharp soldiers' and 'scouts', and next year will likely be a year of full-scale outbreak, and the situation of prevention and control will be very grim." Wu Kongming analyzed that the prevention and control pattern of grassland nocturnal moths in China will change next year, and the rapid northward migration will occur in a large area from March to April.
For the analysis of the harm trend of the grassland night moth, Academician Wu Kongming believes that the grassland night moth has completed the colonization process in the tropical and tropical regions of South Asia in China, and it is expected that after the spring of 2020, it may enter a full-scale outbreak of hazard stage, and the production of wheat, corn, peanuts, sugarcane and other crops is facing challenges.
Wang Zhenying, a researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, further explained that in 2020, the grassland moth can breed annually in the southern tropical and subtropical regions of China, and Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam are also annual breeding areas, and the continuous migration of overseas insect sources and the growth of local insect sources will lead to populations far exceeding the northward migration sources in 2019. In addition, the time to migrate to the Migration Transition Zone (Yangtze River Basin) in the spring of 2020 will be a generation earlier than in 2019.
Wang Zhenying, researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
In 2019, the grassland moth occurred in the spring maize period of Huanghuaihai and northern China from mid-july to mid-August. As a result of the advance generation, after breeding on crops such as corn and wheat, the grassland moth in the Yangtze River Basin will migrate north to the Huang-Huai-Hai and northern spring maize areas from late May to early June, coinciding with the summer maize seedling stage in the Huang-Huai-Hai and the early-to-mid-stage spring maize heart leaves in the north, which are the two periods in which the grassland nocturnal moth is the most harmful. "The area of occurrence and the degree of harm will be significantly heavier than in 2019, and the monitoring and prevention of the grassland moth must be further strengthened." Wang Zhenying said.
He said that from invasion to outbreak, alien invasive insects have to go through three stages of invasion-colonization-outbreak, and as an important process that has completed invasion-colonization to outbreak, many invasive insects need several years to complete these two stages.
The meadow moth completed these two phases in 2019, and it showed an outbreak trend in that year. In 2020, the population of the grassland nightcrawler will migrate northward, and the time will be advanced, and the pattern of harm will change significantly.
The harm in the southwest area will continue to increase, and if the grassland moth cannot be well controlled in the migration transition area, once a large number of them are moved into the key prevention area, the area and degree of harm will be significantly heavier than in 2019, which will seriously threaten the safe production of corn in China.
The grass moth is highly resistant
Researcher Wang Zhenying said that the grassland night moth has a short life cycle, strong reproductive ability, adult life expectancy of up to two to three weeks, during this time, female adults can multi-mate and lay eggs, a lifetime can lay 900-1000 eggs, up to 2000 grains, no diapause phenomenon.
In suitable areas, it can breed annually and multi-generational in a year. Suitable for development temperature, 11 ~ 30 ° C, under 28 ° bar, 24-30 days or so can complete a generation, and under low temperature conditions, it takes 60-90 days to complete a generation.
In Central and South America, where climate and host conditions are suitable, most of the newly invaded Africa, as well as South Asia, Southeast Asia and China's Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and other places, annual breeding can be carried out.
At the meeting, Academician Wu Kongming put forward the sex detection and reporting technology of the grassland night moth, the screening of efficient insecticides, the technology of intercepting and relocating the flight of the air spotlight, the protection and utilization of natural enemies, and the prevention and control technology of Bt corn.
Professor Gao Xiwu is giving a report
Professor Gao Xiwu of the College of Plant Protection of China Agricultural University put forward several suggestions for the drug strategy of the grassland nightcrawler: do a good job in the layout of pharmaceutical varieties in time and space, divide the occurrence time of the drug, do a good job of the combination of drugs, and avoid the occurrence of drug resistance; verify the effectiveness of the application method according to the different growth periods of crops; strengthen drug resistance monitoring, timely early warning and screening reserves of effective agents; coordinate chemical control and biological control factors.
At the same time, he reminded that there are several problems that need to be paid attention to when applying drugs:
The egg killing agent should be combined with the penetrant;
Drug control of young larvae;
Medication before drilling moths;
Older larvae should pay attention to the combination of gastric agents.
At the meeting, many experts mentioned that although many chemical control pesticides have been screened this year, the application found that the resistance of the grassland moth is very high, and a variety of chemical pesticides have been resistant, and resistance to a variety of insecticides such as carbamates, organophosphorus and pyrethroids has been developed, mainly focusing on the two aspects of target resistance and metabolic resistance.
Guangdong hazard loss rate controlled at 5%
Feng Tong, deputy director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province, revealed that after Guangdong confirmed on April 23 that the invasion of grassland moths in Zengcheng District of Guangzhou endangered maize, agricultural and rural departments at all levels strictly followed the deployment and requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government to carry out prevention and control, effectively curbing the spread of grassland moths.
Up to now, the occurrence range of The Guangdong grassland night moth involves 93 counties and districts in 21 prefecture-level cities, with a cumulative occurrence area of 240,000 mu, and the implementation of prevention and control area exceeds 300,000 mu, the prevention and control effect is 86%, and the hazard loss rate is controlled below 5%.
He pointed out that Guangdong belongs to the annual breeding area of the grassland night moth, and is the necessary point and main source of the grassland night moth to go north in spring and summer, and to move south in autumn and winter. At present, the province's autumn and winter corn grassland moth occurrence area of nearly 70,000 mu, due to the local insect source breeding, the northern insect source migration and warm winter climate and other multiple factors, some areas have a relatively heavy degree of damage, individual corn field hundreds of insects up to 100 heads, the rate of harmful plants more than 60%, without timely spray control of corn harm plant rate even more than 90%.
In the future, Guangdong will continue to implement effective measures to culling the source of migrating insects, control the base of insect populations this winter and next spring, reduce local harm losses, curb the migration of insect sources, and provide a guarantee for ensuring the safety of national food production.
Strengthen the construction of a sound prevention and control system
"Can you reduce the number of insect-source populations?" Can it be intercepted in the air after the flight? Can it be destroyed after the migration and landing? Wu Kongming used three questions to indicate the direction of prevention and control of the grassland night moth, that is, the prevention and control of zoning (annual breeding area, migration transition area and key prevention area).
Researcher Yang Puyun is giving a report
Yang Puyun, a researcher at the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, introduced that the prevention and control goal of the annual breeding area is to take the continuous control of the insect source population as the key, to ensure that there is no large-scale outbreak of adult insect populations, to reduce the migration of insect sources, and to reduce the prevention and control pressure in the transition area and key prevention areas. The transition zone should do a good job in the dynamic monitoring and control of pest populations, improve the effectiveness of prevention and control, and reduce the migration of insect sources and local pests. Key prevention areas should be monitored according to the insect situation, do a good job in prevention and emergency prevention and control, the control and treatment rate of the standard field is more than 95%, the overall prevention and control effect is more than 90%, and the loss rate of harm is controlled within 2%.
Screening suitable agents for chemical control is still the first choice for the prevention and control of grassland night moth, at present, domestic scientific research units have done research in different directions. Gao Xiwu, a professor at China Agricultural University, concluded after studying the resistance of a variety of agents that organophosphorus, carbamates and permethrin agents are not recommended to be used alone, and methylphenidates, chlorantranoids benzamide, ethyl polybactericides, tetrachloroxamonamide, and mite-filled nitrile can continue to be used, "Methylvidate is currently a relatively cost-effective agent, with low price and good effect, and it is necessary to implement preventive resistance treatment." ”。
Wu Kongming introduced that it is possible to build a monitoring and early warning and green prevention and control project for the migration of the grassland night moth, that is, to reduce the number of migrating insect sources through light booby-trap, food booby-trap, biological control, chemical control and resistant varieties in the source of insects. Through radar monitoring and early warning, the monitoring of pests in the process of migration and flight is realized, and the air spotlight is used to monitor and intercept, reduce the number of migrations, and combine green prevention and control measures for comprehensive prevention and control.
Enterprises have played a greater role in the prevention and control of the grassland night moth. Guangzhou Ruifeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a professional to provide crop diseases and insect pests green prevention and control, major pest prevention and control, intelligent agriculture and forestry Internet of Things technology and products integrated service providers, with a series of complete prevention and control technology and product solutions, from high-altitude monitoring to landing culling, from sexual trapping to natural enemy killing, can be formulated in line with local control measures. This year, Ruifeng Technology cooperated with plant protection departments across the country to carry out more than 100 training sessions, and will increase investment in scientific research in the future to scientifically guide the use of drugs, delay drug resistance, and protect natural enemies for the purpose and mission to ensure food security.
"The grassland moth is preventable and controllable, the impact on our country is long-term, in the process of preventing and controlling it, the government, scientific research organizations and non-governmental forces work together to form a strong plant protection prevention and control network, and the construction of the national plant protection team, plant protection policy and platform will have a qualitative improvement." Wu Kongming said.
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