How to control the best effect of mites during the high incidence period?

The title image is from Pixabay, based on the CC0 protocol

When it comes to mites, many people will think of three words - red spiders, yes, red spiders belong to a kind of mites, but red spiders are not equal to mites, our common mites have cinnabar leaf mites, which is what we usually call red spiders, and dimaceous leaf mites, which is often called white spiders, as well as tea yellow mites, gall mites and so on.

Since the symptoms and control methods of these mites are similar, here we will collectively refer to them as mites.

Agricultural pest mites have the characteristics of small individuals, rapid reproduction, strong adaptability and easy resistance, and have become important pests of fruit trees, vegetables and food crops since the 1970s. They destroy the normal physiological functions of plants, causing leaf fall, bud fall, fruit fall, light caused by yield reduction, weakening tree potential, heavy harvest or whole plant death, many mites can also spread plant diseases, the harm is quite serious.

Some time ago, the northern greenhouse just colonized peppers, some growers said that peppers are deformed, may be on the virus disease, asked what medicine to play, sent a few photos, the result found that the obvious new leaves rolled down, and then let him look at the back, said that there is a feeling of oil, basically judged, this is mite pest, not virus disease.

When planting in autumn, the greenhouse is relatively dry, so it is easy to occur mites such as diplodocus and tea yellow mites, and if you look closely, there will be white balls on the new leaves of crops such as peppers and eggplants, which are the eggs of mites.

If you do not control it in time, the mites multiply and spread, they eat off the leaf flesh a little bit on the back of the leaf, and on the front it shows that the leaf veins are green, which is somewhat similar to magnesium deficiency (magnesium deficiency is often in the middle and lower parts, and mites are often in the upper middle parts).

Their mouthparts are of the stinging type, and because the individual is very small, the flesh of the leaf leaves after they are harmed seems to have been scraped off a layer very delicately.

One of the reasons why mites are more difficult to control is that they reproduce quickly, generations alternate, a female insect can sometimes lay nearly a hundred eggs, egg hatching produces young mites (3 pairs of feet), gradually grow into mites (4 pairs of feet) and then grow into mites (4 pairs of feet), adult mites and then lay eggs to continue to hatch into young mites, some acaricides can only kill mites can not kill mite eggs, sometimes there will be mite recurrence after spraying, which requires us to control mites when we must kill mites and eggs at the same time, and the combination of quick effect.

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Encountered in the field this year, the back of the pepper leaves inexplicably grew a small round cake, very strange, the naked eye can not see what, and later with a 100 times magnifying glass to see that this is the harm of gall mites. (If the gall mite is also called felt disease on the grape, you can compare whether the back of the leaf is like felt)

After using the 100x magnification to align the above picture, it is clearly visible that there are small maggot-like insects active, and it is these small insects that destroy the leaf tissue a little bit, and they will also secrete some irritating substances. (Gall mites are usually more harmful to goji berries)

After being infested with mites, most of the back of the leaf will appear this oil-stained performance, while viral diseases generally do not, which can be used as a point of differentiation.

Comparing the normal leaves with the mite-infested leaves, the mites that occur at the growth point of the plant will seriously affect the normal growth of the plant, and the mites that occur in the upper part of the plant will seriously affect the physiological reactions such as photosynthesis of the leaves, and finally manifest in the decline in yield and quality, so we must control the mites.

How to control mites during the high incidence period?

1. Recognize the characteristics of mites as pests, and respond as soon as possible to improve prevention and control

The first is to look at the distribution in the shed. Mites are mostly clustered in groups for pests, and most of them are dotted at the beginning, especially under the vents, while drug pests and physiological diseases occur mostly in the whole shed.

The second is the situation of medical spots. Mites are sucking mouthparts, when the damage is serious, there will be white dot necrosis on the leaves, but they do not expand; fungal and bacterial diseases have obvious spots, and continue to expand outwards, while viral diseases are systemic diseases, the whole plant is diseased, but there are no obvious spots, which can be distinguished from mites.

The third is to identify mites as pest symptoms. After mite infestation, the back of the leaf is more oily, the leaf is thick and slender, and the leaf margin is rolled down. The leaf margins are mostly rolled up after the virus disease is harmed.

2. Do a good job in physical control and reduce the number of mites

Eliminating weeds inside and outside the shed and reducing mite activity is an important step in reducing the number of mites. In addition, according to the habits of the mites themselves, measures such as high temperature and stuffiness can be used to reduce the number of mites.

The high temperature shed mentioned here is the use of the characteristics of dimaceous leaf mites and the like at 35 ° C when reproduction is inhibited, and the lethal temperature of tea yellow mites is 40 ° C. When the moisture is sufficient and the humidity is high, the crop has strong heat tolerance, so in the 2-3 days after watering, when the soil moisture in the shed is large, the vent of the shed is closed, the temperature in the shed is increased to more than 40 ° C, maintained for about 2 hours, and a large number of mites can be killed with the help of high temperature. After the temperature rises, the mites are transferred to the soil, and if you want to improve the effect of the high temperature suffocation, you can also pour a small amount of water after the smouldering shed to drown the mites on the surface.

3, the use of natural enemies efficient and long-term effect

At present, China's research on predatory mites has reached the international leading level, and there are professional predatory mite production enterprises to provide commercial predator mites, such as Fujian Yanxuan Biological Courgette Blunt Sui Mite, etc., which have a good control effect on pests such as tea yellow mites, cinnabar leaf mites, dime-spotted leaf mites and thrips.

After the release of natural enemies, there is no need to spray a large number of acaricide insecticides, which not only reduces the cost, reduces the labor intensity, but also greatly improves food safety, is conducive to sustainable development, and is a hot spot for disease and pest control in the future.

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4, learn from each other's strengths microbial pesticides and chemical pesticides have a good effect

Choose avermectin, pyridoxine, etc. with good insecticidal effect, and spironyl esters and ecmezole, which have a good egg killing effect, and use it with the synergist Jiamei Coin Point, and the effect is better.

According to the test effect of good microbial pesticides, there are wax bug rotifer fungus, coccidioid white zombie, scarab green zombie and so on. Microbial preparations have a long shelf life, are basically non-resistant, and can continue to infect field pests.

In addition, pay special attention to the method of spraying, mites are mostly harmful to the back of the leaf, calyx and other young parts, spraying agents should choose a sprayer with high pressure and good atomization effect, and the spray head is up, focusing on the back of the leaf. Mites often live in groups at the end of the leaves and roll to the ground, so when spraying, they should also focus on the ground.

This article was written by cathay pacific's technical team

bibliography:

"Crops are infested by mites, have you used the right control methods?" 191 Forum of Agricultural Resources

"Mites enter the high incidence period to teach you to cure mites in all directions!" Northern Vegetable Newspaper