The adult scorpion resembles a lute, and the surface of the whole body is a high chitinous hard skin. Adult scorpions are about 50 to 60 mm long, the body segments are obvious, composed of cephalothorax and abdomen, the body is yellowish brown, the ventral surface and appendages are lighter in color, and the color of the fifth segment of the posterior abdomen is darker. Most scorpions are hermaphroditic and have slightly different appearances. Cephalothorax, composed of six segments, is trapezoidal, the cephalothorax and anterior abdomen are combined together, called the trunk, the back is covered with a head armor, which is densely covered with granular protrusions, there is a pair of middle eyes in the center of the back, 3 lateral eyes on each side of the front, there are 6 pairs of appendages, the first pair is the whole limb that helps to feed, the second pair is a long and thick crab-like horn whisker, the division of predation, touch and defense functions, the remaining four pairs are stepping feet. The mouth is located at the bottom of the anterior abdominal cavity.
The anterior abdomen is broad and consists of 7 segments. The posterior abdomen is a narrow, curved part consisting of 5 segments and a tail spine. The first section has a reproductive stable, which covers the reproductive hole. Female scorpions can deliver baby scorpions from the reproductive foramen, and male scorpions can produce sperm rods from the reproductive foramen and intersect with the female scorpion's reproductive holes. The male scorpion has only two sperm rods in his body and can only mate twice in his lifetime. Female scorpions mate once and can give birth for 4 consecutive years until the end of lifespan. The lifespan of scorpions is 5 to 8 years. Scorpions are egg-born, and fertilized eggs complete embryonic development within the mother's body. The temperature is between 30 and 38 °C.
Scorpions have no ears and almost all movements rely on sensory hairs on the surface of their bodies. The scorpion's hair is very sensitive, and it can feel the activity of cockroaches within a meter range. The scorpion's sensory fur can detect extremely weak vibrations, even the faint movement of the air currents.
Scorpions are entirely carnivorous, and very few species consume a small amount of plant-based feed (e.g., whole scorpions) and feed on invertebrates such as spiders, crickets, small centipedes, larvae and nymphs of various insects, and even small geckos. It finds the position of its prey by the auditory or tarsal hairs on the tentacles and the slit sensory organs. Desert scorpions are able to identify cockroaches that burrow 50 cm deep. When the scorpion feeds, it clamps the catch with its tentacles, lifts the posterior abdomen (scorpion tail), bends forward to the body, and stings with poisonous needles. It is composed of six segments, it is trapezoidal, and there is a head armor on the back, which is densely covered with granular protrusions, the muscles outside the venom glands contract, and the venom flows out of the opening of the poison needle. Most scorpions are poisonous enough to kill insects, but are not fatal to humans and only cause burning- sharp pain. The scorpion uses its claws to slowly tear apart the food, first sucks the body fluids of the catch, then spits out the digestive juices, and digests its tissues outside the body before inhaling. Eating is slow.
1, scorpion belongs to the day and night out of the animal, like the tide is afraid of dry, like the dark fear of strong light stimulation. Prefers to live in groups, is quiet and not moving, and has the habit of recognizing nests and recognizing groups, and most scorpions settle in fixed nests. Generally, in large groups of scorpion nests, most of them have males and females, some large and some small, and they live in harmony, and rarely kill each other. But if they are not in the same nest of scorpions, they will often kill each other after encountering.
2, scorpions have hibernation habits, generally in mid-to-late April, that is, after the sting, in early November it will begin to slowly hibernate, the annual activity time is about 6 months. During the day, scorpions come out from 8:00 to 11:00 p.m. after sunset, and return to their nests at 2 to 3 o'clock in the morning of the next day. This activity is generally in the warm, windless, dry night, and in windy weather, it is rarely active.
3. Although scorpions are warming animals, they are still relatively hardy and heat-resistant. The temperature of the external environment is between 40 ° C and minus 5 ° C, and scorpions can survive. The growth, development and reproduction of scorpions are closely related to temperature. When the temperature drops below 10 °C, the scorpion is less active, the temperature is lower than 20 °C, the scorpion is less active, and the most suitable temperature for their growth and development is between 25 and 39 °C. The temperature is 35 to 39 °C, the scorpion is the most active, the growth and development are accelerated, and the calving and mating are mostly carried out within this temperature range. The temperature exceeds 41 ° C, the water in the scorpion body is evaporated, if it is not cooled down in time at this time, and the water is not replenished in time, the scorpion is very prone to dehydration and death. When the temperature exceeds 43 ° C, the scorpion dies quickly. Scorpion activity, growth and reproduction are closely related to temperature, and the optimal temperature is between 35 and 38 °C. Therefore, when we artificially breed scorpions, we must pay attention to mastery.
4. The growth and reproduction of scorpions are also closely related to the humidity of the external environment. In the natural world, wild scorpions, if they want to be dry and rainy, will drill into the wet place about 1 meter deep underground to hide and hide; when it is rainy, there is water on the ground, they will climb to a high place to hide. Therefore, when breeding scorpions, great attention should be paid to the moisture of the feed and the humidity of the feeding grounds and nests. In general, the scorpion's activity place is more humid, and the nest where they inhabit needs to be slightly drier, which is conducive to the growth, development and reproduction of scorpions. If the nest is too wet, it is susceptible to microorganisms, and the molting of scorpions is also very difficult; if the scorpion's place of activity is too dry, and the water in the feed is insufficient, it will also affect the normal growth and development of scorpions, and even induce mutual cannibalism.
5, scorpions like dark and afraid of light, especially afraid of the stimulation of strong light, but they also need a certain degree of illumination, in order to absorb the heat of the sun, improve digestion, accelerate the speed of growth and development, and is conducive to the process of embryo incubation in the pregnant scorpion. It has been reported and observed that scorpions have a positive trend towards weak light and a negative trend toward strong light, but they prefer to move in weaker green light.
6, scorpions on a variety of strong odors, such as paint, gasoline, kerosene, asphalt and a variety of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, quicklime, etc. have a strong avoidance, it can be seen that their sense of smell is very sensitive, the stimulation of these substances is very unfavorable to scorpions, and even fatal. Scorpions are also very sensitive to all kinds of strong vibrations and sounds, and sometimes even scare them away, stopping eating, breeding, giving birth, etc.
Scorpions have courtship behavior. East Asian pincer scorpion males mostly look for females between June and July, and after finding them, they use their tentacles to pull the female scorpions to a secluded place. Then, the claws of the male scorpion's tentacles clamped the claws of the female scorpion, and the two scorpions were head-to-head, dragging around. Courtship can last for hours, even days. The male scorpion then discharges sperm from the reproductive foramen and sticks to the ground, pulling the female over so that the free end of the sperm pod comes into contact with the female foramen. The free end has a lever device that releases sperm mass due to pressure from the female's reproductive area. After the female scorpion receives sperm, it can continue to give birth for 3 to 5 years.
Scorpion eggs are born or are born. The eggs of the egg-born species are large, terminally yellow eggs, incompletely lobed, and develop in the lumen of the ovaries. Eggs of the fetal species are almost yolk-free and have completely equal clefts. The eggs of the southern chain scorpion develop within the blind tubes of the ovaries. The embryo is at the end of the blind tube, where another tube extends, and at its end is a cluster of absorbing cells, next to the blind sac of the digestive system, and the absorbing nutrient is delivered to the embryo along the tube, somewhat like the umbilical cord of a mammal. Developmental experience is several months or even more than 1 year. Juvenile scorpions range from 6 to 90 and vary from species to species. After the juvenile scorpion is born, it immediately climbs on the mother's back, and after shedding the skin once, it gradually leaves the female scorpion to live independently. The East Asian pincer scorpion gives birth between July and August. Before giving birth, the female scorpion looks for a suitable place, and the two ctenophores are spread to the left and right, and they are produced from the genital hole. The juvenile scorpions are covered with white mucus and are grained with rice. After a few minutes, the tail and appendages of the juvenile scorpion stretch out from the mucus, and the appendages of the female scorpion climb onto the mother's back. Each litter produces 15 to 35 juvenile scorpions. The newborn juvenile is about 1 cm long, milky white, and has only black eye mounds; the teeth, protrusions, and claws on the body and appendages have not yet grown; and they do not eat any food on the mother's back. After 5 days, it peels into a 2-year-old scorpion with a body length of more than 1.5 cm and still lives on the mother's back. After about 1 week, he left the mother camp and lived independently. After 5 peelings (6-year-old scorpions), it does not become a scorpion until the third year, but does not breed until the autumn of the fourth year. From birth to reproduction, it takes about 3 years, and it can be bred continuously for 5 years, and its lifespan is up to 8 years.
Juveniles can only look at ctenophores (two brushes in the shape of a figure-of-eight abdomen. Rainforests can look at the size of the ctenophores and the length of the teeth, most of which can only be counted by counting the number of teeth), and the adults can look at the width of the dorsal carapace (the width is female). For the genus Scorpio, you can look at the size of the pincers (the larger one is male) or if there are large teeth (two rounded pieces, significantly wider than the teeth) at the root of the ctenophore. Some are female), and the Tanzanian red-clawed monarch scorpion can see the fullness of the pincers (the male's pliers are wide and flat and concave, and the female's pliers are smaller and fuller).