On May 22, Yu studied in Nanling and was shocked to hear that Academician Yuan Longping had passed away without much mourning! I remember that I have known my husband for more than 20 years, and I have visited many times to listen to the teachings and benefited a lot. Humble Shuai Approaching Yuan Longping" was revised and renamed "Dream Round Earth - The Biography of Yuan Longping", which also attracted much attention. This is a simplified version of the "Biography of Yuan Gong" to commemorate the merits and dedication of Mr. Yuan.
Chinese civilization has flourished for 5,000 years. The planting and breeding industry began in the Neolithic Era and has been around for more than 10,000 years. When the Shennong clan taught the cultivation of five grains, all the people sowed seeds, harvested and abundant, and the world returned to their hearts. However, for thousands of years, men and women weaved, relied on the sky to eat, the abundance was unpredictable, the yield was wandering, and there were records of hunger and death in the wild in all dynasties.
The hometown of rice in our country, Chuan Bo Yi began to plant rice. Oracle says "Peel the dates in August and get the rice in October". Archaeological evidence shows that the rice cultivation civilization has been more than 10,000 years old. The republic is founded, the people are united in their will, the workers and peasants are medical, and the cutting-edge science and technology are all striving to catch up with the West, and the gap is gradually narrowing. However, the problem of food and clothing in a big country and a large number of people is not a temporary achievement. In the past three years of natural disasters, the importance of food has become prominent.
Yuan Gonglongping, a native of De'an, Gan Province. The youth were angry and angry. For more than fifty years, rice has been a friend, and the fields have accompanied each other, in order to solve hunger and disease.
In the middle of the nineteenth century of the Qing Dynasty, Longping's great-grandfather abandoned agriculture and business, ran a good business, and his family became increasingly prosperous, especially the teachings of the descendants. His grandfather Sheng Jian ( Sheng Jian ) , you Xiansheng , served as the secretary general of the Qiongya Administration and the governor of Wenchang County in the early years of the Republic of China , which was a coincidence that Longping later found wild rice seeds in Qiong Province. Father Xinglie, Southeast University proficient in Chinese, patriotic, Japanese prisoners of China, plunged into the anti-Japanese rescue, and friends donated more than 500 large knives to Feng Yuxiang's department, planned ordnance supplies, and then threw pens from Rong. His mother Hua Jing, Zhenjiang Ren clan, beautiful and virtuous.
On September 7, 1930, Longping was born in the ancient city of Beiping, which belongs to Soma. The Book of Verses says: "Kyaukyao White Colt, Ben (Ben) Ran Lai Si". His father named him after the character "Long" and the place of birth, and was called Yuan Longping. In Longping ranked second, nicknamed "Ermao".
Due to the tight anti-Japanese war, Longping moved to Chongqing, Wuhan with his father when he was young. Although naughty, he is intelligent by nature. Gao Xiao, the teacher said and Newton anecdotes, saying that Newton raised one large and small cat at home, worried about the convenience of cat access, and punched one large and small hole. All beings say that Newton is stupid about this matter. Wei Longping said that Newton Zhi, for the big and small cats harmonious do not fight also, the sentient beings laughed. In the first year of junior high, mathematicians taught the multiplication law of "rational numbers": positive numbers multiplied by positive numbers get positive numbers, and negative numbers multiplied by negative numbers are also positive numbers. Long Ping asked, "What is positive for negative negative?" "The teacher is stuffed. In his second year of high school, he talked about Einstein's mass-energy equation (E=MC²). Long ping sense energy is proportional to the square of the speed of light, and the question is suddenly asked, and the master praises his mind.
In the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), the family moved from Hankou to Jinling, the capital city. In 1949, Longping graduated from the High School Attached to Chuo University. What is the subject of big learning? Long Ping recalled the scene of the lush forest repairing bamboo and flowers in the junior high school spring gardening field, and decided to choose agronomy, and his father joked: "I 'hope that the son will become a dragon' and become a 'hope that the son will become a farmer'." Ru Lin weak crown, self-determined". Longping chose "Chongqing Xianghui Agricultural College" (later renamed Southwest Agricultural College), and also had little time.
In 1949, Chun Longping entered the school, majoring in genetics and breeding. In the four years of spring and autumn, Longping wandered through the sea of knowledge, learned the study of Lysenko in the former Soviet Union, and studied the theory of Heredity in the United States, and the two theories were lost in my heart. In the year of Yan Wei (1953), Longping graduated and went to teach at the Xiangxi'an Jiang Agricultural School, which was located on the banks of the Yuanjiang River under the Xuefeng Mountain. At the beginning of the research process, Longping grafted sweet potatoes on the "moonlight flower", named "moonlight flower sweet potato", the harvest was abundant, and its "potato king" weighed twenty-seven kilograms, suitable for the great leap forward, and this "high-yield satellite" was praised.
However, the "Moonlight Flower Sweet Potato" had no advantage of high yield the following year, and Longping was confused. In that year, Longping went to Tanzhou (Changsha) and occasionally read a photocopy in English, and the Taixi scholars Crick (F H.C.Crick) and J.D. Watson (J.D.Watson) discovered the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) spiral structure, and later learned that hybrid sorghum, hybrid corn, and seedless watermelon came out, which was particularly enlightening. Touching Longping even more, farmers who went to the countryside to teach only paid attention to "high rice yields".
In the year of Gengzi (1960), our country was drought-stricken and the land was divided and famine. Longping's body was swollen from hunger. A farmer friend said longping: "Fertilization Is like a diligent change of seeds, Ru likes scientific experiments, the current rice yields four hundred catties per mu, if the research yields more than 1,000 catties per mu of new seeds, my generation can not famine, no hard life." Long Ping listened sadly and swore to find a good seed. At that time, Huang Yaoxiang and others in our country bred good seeds such as "square dwarf" and "short-legged Nantes", and the total output increased by more than 20%. Foreign breeding rice "IR8" and "ink wheat" and other excellent seeds, qi touch Longping.
Gu Yun "the field chooses to plant and plants". Long Ping thought that conventional breeding can increase production, and the advantage of hybrids is also true, which is natural. However, it is known that the American people Sinlot and Dunn have asserted that rice is a self-pollinating crop with no hybrid advantage. If the authority is so strong, the inquirers will stop and scrap their research. Long Ping doubted that this argument was unfounded. So I wanted to go my own way. In the year of Nong Yin (1962), LongPing found an excellent rice plant with high height, large ears and many grains in the experimental field in the middle of summer, and deduced that the "standing flock" in the field was a hybrid offspring.
Long Ping pondered this theory for more than a year. One night I fell asleep unconsciously. In the dream, Long Ping saw that the rice he planted was as tall as a sorghum, the ears were like brooms, and the grains were like peanuts, and he sat with sentient beings under the ears of rice to cool off... When I woke up, I jokingly called this dream "The Dream of Cooling Under the Grass".
In the summer of Kotatsu (1964), when the rice was blooming, 3 sterile plants were found in the rice field in the scorching sun of Longping. The following year, Longping found 6 male sterile strains from 4 varieties. Compiled by Longping Shi, he wrote the paper "Male Sterility of Rice". In February 1966, the "Science Bulletin" contained the full text, and the paper was like a snout to break through the forbidden area and inspire Longping to move forward. Subsequently, Longping formulated a technical route for cultivating "hybrid rice", called the "three-line supporting method". The three lineages refer to the sterile, maintaining and recovering lines. To maintain the pollination sterile line of the line, so that its offspring retain the characteristics of male sterility; to restore the line and the sterile line to cross, restore fertility, and obtain a generation of hybrid seeds (F1), planted in the field.
Longping research is in full swing, and the Cultural Revolution began. Longping was designated as the "Eight Key Figures", and the thesis was also criminal evidence, and it was planned to be sent to the cowshed for transformation. However, the great luck, his thesis was known by the former director of the State Science and Technology Commission Zhao Quarying, Zhao Gonghui, felt that its value is great, if this matter is successful, it can solve the food dilemma, and make great contributions to the country, so he sent a letter to the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission and the Anjiang Agricultural School to support the Longping research. This "holy oracle" You Longping was spared from persecution by the rebels. In June 1967, Longping approved the "Anjiang Agricultural School Rice Male Sterile Line Cultivation Plan" with a special fund of 600 yuan.
Longping immediately went to Hainan and Yunnan to implement multi-generation breeding. After several years of exploration, progress has been very slow. Longping knows that the rice species are closely related, and it is necessary to find wild rice to match, that is, the distant hybrid. In October of the year of Geng peng (1970), Longping went to Hainan again to look for "wild sterile plants". At noon on November 23, disciples Feng Keshan and Li Bihu drove an ox cart to find wild rice (Qiongdi called "false grass"), and in a wild rice field, they obtained three wild rice ears with abnormal male flowers. Oh lucky! Long Ping was overjoyed and named it "Wild Defeat".
After the acquisition of seeds, Longping gave the "wild defeat" to researchers from all sides, and more than 100 talents gathered in Hainan to cross and breed tens of thousands of combinations, which was known as "Nan fan". In the year of decay (1973), Longping used more than 10 catties of hybrid F1 generation prepared by Qiongdao, and the yield of the trial planting mu reached 505 kg, and the harvest was first revealed. In October of that year, Longping told the world in Suzhou: the "three lines" of indica hybrid rice were successfully matched. The year of Kotatsu (1964) began with the development of the sword, ten years of sharpening the sword, the heavenly path rewards diligence, all things have seasons, and the work is completed. Subsequently, Long Ping was the general consultant of technology, sowing Sanxiang and Daoxiang Nanguo. Foreigners praise "Oriental Magic Rice".
After more than ten years, Longping summarized his experience, feeling that the breeding and cultivation of the three-line method is lengthy and complicated, and it is necessary to rethink and innovate: study the two-line method and then try to achieve high yield. In October of the year of Ying Yin (1986), experts from all over the world gathered in Tanzhou to focus on the academic of hybrid rice, and Longping boldly said: simplified breeding, three to two lines, and then to one line; the advantages are from strong to super. His theory is praised by connoisseurs.
Three series to two series, how difficult it is! Where is the pass? Longping made an early attempt, but was unsuccessful. One day, Longping thought of Hubei expert Shi Mingsong Xin Younian (1981) discovered that japonica-type photosensitive nuclear sterile rice "Nongken 58S", can it be achieved by using the inheritance of light and temperature sensitive nuclear sterility? However, the inheritance of light- and temperature-sensitive nuclear sterility is discarded by breeders as harmful traits. Longping decided to boldly try to use light, temperature sensitive nuclear sterility and broad affinity as a basis to break the bottleneck of two-line method breeding.
The two-line method refers to the method of using the advantages of hybrids only for sterile and restored lines. LongPing and the researchers spent two years, and his second-generation disciple Deng Huafeng found the "Annong-S1" photosensitive material; for another six years, he studied the light-temperature action mode of the fertility conversion of rice's light-temperature-sensitive sterile lines, and the zhitanzhou area was 23.5 °C as the optimal conversion temperature, and the two-line method was suddenly clear. In practice, the two-line hybrid rice has increased by more than 10% compared with the three-line rice mu, and its quality is excellent, the resistance is strong, the seed production is simple, and the cost is reduced. "The successful development of two-line hybrid rice" is also the first of the top ten scientific and technological news in our country in the year of C Zi (1996).
The author of this article (left) takes a group photo with Academician Yuan Longping
Ran Longping did not stop there, the vision was forward-looking, Ding Ugly Nian (1997) took the initiative to ask for help, set up a "super rice breeding plan". Super rice, in short, is an ultra-high-yielding, high-quality rice. It is planned to be divided into three phases, the first phase is 700 kg per mu, the second phase is 800 kg per mu, and the third phase is 900 kg per mu. Longping Ding technology path: plant type plus good seeds. In the year of Gengchen (2000), Longping reached the first phase of the goal; JiaShennian (2004) reached the second phase of the goal, and Xin Dinian (2011) reached the third phase of the goal! Words are deeds, deeds are marked! Ding Younian (2017) inspected the yield of super rice mu of Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences to 1149 kg, which was the highest rice yield in the world at that time! Long Ping confidently said that hybrid rice has a higher yield increase than conventional rice. If the conventional breeding reaches 800 catties, the hybrid breeding can reach 1000 catties. Looking at it now, this statement is prudent.
Longping is committed to hybrid rice, not only huaxia is rich, but also to save the world from hunger. He asserted that after the year of Ruo Gengzi (2020 Academy of Agricultural Sciences), if 2/3 of the world's area is planted with super rice every year, it can increase the grain by 200 million tons and nourish 800 million people. In the past 30 years, hybrid rice has been first sown in the United States, throughout Southeast Asia, as far as Europe and Africa, cultivating more than 14,000 professionals in more than 80 countries, and benefiting dozens of countries and regions.
Yuan Gong dedicated himself to his family and cared about the people's livelihood. Long to wait for the field domain, light and tanned, peers jokingly called "Congo Cloth". However, breeding and educating people, showing out the class line. There are highs and lows in the public discourse, there are curves and straights in the situation, there is no affection for non-reciprocity, there is no end to non-consultation, it is necessary to go through the fields and go through the fields, and to work hard. He admonished his students, wrote papers on the earth, and gave birth to good deeds in practice. Longping set up an agricultural science and technology award to help future students to explore. His virtue and achievements have been praised and respected by peers at home and abroad. He was awarded the Special Prize of the National Invention Award, the Highest National Science and Technology Award, the Special Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and the Title of Meritorious Service of the Republic! Longping has won more than 20 international awards such as UNESCO's "Science Prize" and "Wolf Prize", which is the most prestigious award in the world for the Chinese people.
Yuan Gong is versatile, versatile, good at swimming, and sexually optimistic. Playing the violin and tap dancing, he won two silver medals in the freestyle in high school. Long Ping said: "The three most gratifying things in life, one is that at the 1978 National Science Conference, Deng Gong (Xiaoping) officially declared that 'intellectuals are part of the working class'; the other is the success of hybrid rice research and continuous innovation and development; and the third is the family that during the most difficult period of the Cultural Revolution, the lover did not abandon it, and I was most pleased." ”
Ask the public the trick to success, cloud: my success has eight words: knowledge, sweat, inspiration, opportunity. Longping's innovative ideas can be attributed to the spirit of doubt, not afraid of authority, unique ways, tenacious forward. Therefore, it can continue to innovate from three lines and two lines to super hybrid rice; recent research on "saline-tolerant rice", "sorghum rice" and "desert rice" has made new achievements, which are surprising and praised by the Chinese people.
Dr. Swaminatsen, former director of the International Rice Institute, praised: "Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice"! Its title is rapid broadcast in the world, and the world knows it. Although he has achieved great success, Yuan Gong still works diligently for the two dreams of "cooling under the grass" and "hybrid rice all over the world". In the year of the back of the fish, the yield of double-cropping hybrid rice per mu exceeded 1500 kg,...... Dreams come true! And add another dream: "saline-tolerant rice" planting 100 million acres, can raise 100 million more people!
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However, life is impermanent, and on April 11, 2021 (May 22, 2021), Yuan Gong passed away in a deep and troubled body, and the whole country mourned and hundreds of millions of people thought about it. Five hundred drones in Yangcheng soared into the night sky, painted a statue of Yuan Gong, and were admired by all.
On the evening of May 25, 2021, five hundred drones formed a portrait of Academician Yuan Longping in the night sky of Guangzhou to express respect and remembrance
Song Wang Xin Gong Shiyun: "It seems to be the most strange in the ordinary, but it is easy but difficult." Longping has been cultivating hybrid rice for more than 50 years, and has forged ahead in the wind and rain. Today's hybrid rice green dyeing Huaxia, fragrant world. Longping Gong shows the sun and the moon, benefiting hundreds of millions of people. The farmhouse barn is solid and admired by all the people in the country, and it is called "contemporary Shennong". Longping is worthy of the gospel of the nation, the elite of the society, the leader of the industry, the model of innovation, and the torch of passing on China's positive energy.
It is for the text, to praise the merits of Yuan's public objects, to sacrifice Yuan Gong's spirit in heaven.
Written by Yao Kunlun (Researcher, Member of China Writers Association)