Cross-talk examination 94: Zhang Jieyao, the super cattle man of the "high gate" of the cross-talk family
Zhang Jieyao, born in Tianjin in 1893, also known as Zhang Baohua, Zhang Shikui, Zhang Jizu, stage name Zhang Duzi, Tianjin people (also known as Zhejiang people, because of their ancestral home in Jiaxing, Zhejiang), Han Military Banner people, ancestors have been officials for generations.
Zhang Jieyao worshiped Gao Wenyuan, the ancestor of the Gao family, as his teacher. There have always been many ways to worship the master, and it is roughly that Gao Wenyuan is unwilling to accept Zhang Jieyao as an apprentice, but Zhang Jieyao worships after seeing Gao Wenyuan, and Gao Wenyuan is stupid at once, and then stands up and turns his head and leaves. But Zhang Jieyao still bowed his head respectfully three times toward the chair where Gao Wenyuan had sat. He also said: Anyway, the chair that Master sat on, and kowtowing to the chair is also a kowtow to Master. Later, Gao Wenyuan still pinched his nose and recognized this apprentice. Later, Zhang Jieyao also let his daughter Zhang Songqing worship under Gao Deming, the second eldest of the Gao family, and was one of Gao Deming's three apprentices. Zhang Songqing's stage name was "Little Star", and he was also quite popular at that time.
Gao Wenyuan and Zhang Jieyao took a group photo
For Zhang Jieyao's stage name Zhang Fool, one theory is that when he performs on stage, he always likes to pretend to be stupid, so there is the elegant name of "Zhang Fool". As an artist, there is a Ya number to prove that you are on fire, and if there is no Ya number, it proves that you are not on fire. Now Qin Xiaoxian of the Deyun Society also has the title of "Fool", but is he really stupid? Definitely not.
Zhang Jieyao also has a name Zhang Jizu, which is too exaggerated: xiangsheng originated from the burlesque drama of the Han Dynasty, Jizu, which is the old zu meaning of the "funny" world. Interestingly, Zhang Jieyao also changed the name of his disciple Han Zikang to Han Jizong, and the names of the two brothers together are the ancestors of the comic world. The reason why it was changed to Zhang Jizu was because Zhang Shouchen, the head of the Shouzi generation, found Zhang Jieyao and asked him to clarify the identity of The Master, which immediately annoyed Zhang Jieyao and changed his name. For Zhang Jieyao's arrogant approach, Zhang Shouchen's approach is to "dwarf him"! Therefore, Zhang Shouchen led a group of brothers and masters to change the names of their disciples, from the "Li" character to the "Bao" character generation, so that "virtue, shou, li, benevolence, and righteousness" became "de, shou, bao, wen, and ming". The reason why it was changed to Bao is because one of the names Zhang Jieyao often uses is Zhang Baohua.
Alas, Zhang Shouchen and the Gao family seem to have a vendetta, Gao Wenyuan's son he questioned Shi Cheng, Gao Wenyuan's disciples he also questioned Shi Cheng. In the cross-talk circle, it seems that there is always a powerful pull up a group of peers to become one faction, and fight with another faction, fighting back and forth, fighting for fame and fortune. The hustle and bustle of the world is all profit, and the world is all profitable.
Zhang Jieyao and Zhang Shouchen took a group photo
Although Zhang Jieyao and Zhang Shouchen did not deal with each other, they were still relatively kind in face when they met. Zhang Shouchen wears a traditional robe and a horse coat, while Zhang Jieyao wears a suit and leather shoes.
Back to zhang Jieyao's growth history.
Zhang Jieyao's ancestors were officials for generations, but with the social changes, the Zhang family still lost power, and the family fell in the middle. In order to live, Zhang Jieyao's father, Zhang Wulin, went into exile and became an artist, both evolving juggling and singing and commenting. In such an environment, Zhang Jieyao was 10 years old, and Zhang Wulin sent Zhang Jieyao to the Hebei Zizi Opera Class to learn to sing Zizi Opera. The apprentices of the ancient drama class lived quite miserable, like a contract worker, working a lot, and there was almost no welfare treatment. Two years later, the tortured little Zhang Jieyao escaped and embarked on a wandering life.
Life as a wanderer was equally difficult, especially in those socially turbulent times. He suffered a lot, wandered to Jiaozuo, Henan, and entered a drama team. Unlike the previous drama team, this drama team is a mixed group of Peking Opera and Zizi, in which Zhang Jieyao sings Wusheng and Laosheng. Later, he went to Beijing, found his sister, and lived in her sister's house.
In Beijing, he often went to Tianqiao, Xidan and other places to listen to plays and listen to cross-talk, often listening to the cross-talk of Li Dezhuo, who was fascinated by thousands of people, and tried to follow it, and even learned some passages, and dared to perform these passages on the stage.
In 1919, Zhang Jieyao, Luo Caixiang, Wang Ziliang, and others went to Shanghai, Suzhou and other places in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to give cross-talks; then came to Nanjing Confucius Temple, where he also lived for several months. In 1921, several people came to Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, Xuchang, Luohe, Zhumadian, Xinyang and other places in Henan to talk about cross-talk, and then went south to Hankou, Hubei. In Hankou, Zhang Jieyao's co-operative partner is Xu Degui. Xu Degui and Gao Deming have cooperated for a long time and are ranked among the "five masters of cross-talk". After not long in Hankou, the men returned to Kaifeng, then to Xuzhou, Bengbu, and later to Nanjing. These people have traveled almost half of China. Zhang Jieyao spent 12 years along the way, and is the farthest cross-talk artist in the history of Chinese cross-talk.
In 1931, Zhang Jieyao returned to Beijing and reunited with Xu Degui at the White Pagoda Temple Meeting, and the two of them voted for a Piece of Peking Opera "Chopping Scripture Hall", which had a very good effect, so Zhang Jieyao joined the team and performed with Chang Baochen, Hu Lanting, Little Apple, Gao Deming, Xu Degui, Tang Jincheng, Zhu Kuoquan, Gao Deguang and so on. Hou Baolin also performed in Xidan, Beijing during this period, and learned a lot of cross-talk skills with Zhang Jieyao. 30 years later, Hou Baolin invited Zhang Jieyao to Beijing and recorded a lot of cross-talk materials. Zhang Jieyao took off his robe and coat at this time, changed into a suit, and was the first artist to wear a suit to say cross-talk.
Zhang Jieyao went south and north, and widely absorbed the strengths of qu art from all over the world, which made his cross-talk skills good. Of course, in addition to crosstalk, he is good at acting double reeds and singing small plays. His two disciples, Han Zikang and Liu Yueqiao, taught him the cross-talk skills on his behalf.
In 1941, Zhang Jieyao and Liu Baoquan, Lin Hongyu, Ji Pingsan, Tao Xiangru and others performed in Shanghai again, naturally he once again made the most of the limelight, and the audience also presented a pennant with four big characters of "Man Qian's Legacy", and the evaluation was quite high. To explain: the ancestor of the cross-talk circle is Dongfang Shuo, the Oriental Shuo character Man Qian. "Man Qian's Legacy" is to say that Zhang Jieyao's cross-talk has been passed down by the old ancestors.
After liberation, Zhang Jieyao settled in Xi'an. In July 1961, at the invitation of Hou Baolin, Zhang Jieyao went to Beijing to record eight programs, "Guan Gong Zhan Qin Qiong", "Luo Cheng Plays Sable Cicada", "Zhang Fei Fights Yan Song", "Six Months", "Henan Opera", "War Horse Chao", "Dialect", and "Wine Poems", leaving precious cross-talk materials for posterity. Hou Baolin's "Guan Gong Zhan Qin Qiong" was processed on the basis of Zhang Jieyao's paragraph.
In 1964, Zhang Jieyao was sent to the countryside.
In 1971, Zhang Jieyao died in Xi'an at the age of 78.
Zhang Jieyao has performed 429 cross-talk in his lifetime, many of which are new passages written by himself, and have incorporated many new contents and techniques into cross-talk. Cross-talk was originally a traditional song art popular in the north, and it is generally rarely spoken in the south. Zhang Jieyao traveled south and north, and saw the customs and customs of various places, so he integrated the life and language content of the south into the cross-talk. Zhang Jieyao's representative works "Guan Gong Zhan Qin Qiong", "Luo Cheng's Drama Sable Cicada", and "Zhang Fei's Strict Feast" are all new passages that he has collected and carefully compiled. These three passages through cross-talk laid the foundation for Zhang Jieyao's position in the history of cross-talk.
Because he has gone to a private school, he has a certain culture; because he has traveled south and north, seen the customs of various places, and has certain experience and experience, Zhang Jieyao on the stage can always properly and gracefully shape the characters and express the spiritual world of the characters, which naturally wins the love of the audience. He always likes to pretend to be stupid on the stage, and takes this as his style, thus winning the elegant title of "Zhang Fool". Even Zhang Shouchen, who did not deal with him, also praised: "Silly Uncle is full of mouths." It is also this kind of real ability that makes him ranked among the "five masters of crosstalk".
It should also be said that in order to publicize himself, Zhang Jieyao printed the pamphlet "Laughing Sea" in lead and distributed it to the audience when he had a performance. Not to mention, this trick really worked, making him more and more famous.
The one who smokes in the middle is Zhang Jieyao
Zhang Jieyao received a total of 12 apprentices, all of whom were ranked in the word "pine", including Shan Songting, Guan Songpeng, Yuan Songqi, Tian Songshan, Yang Songlin and others, which were called "twelve green pines" by the cross-talk community.
It should be noted that there was an apprentice named Ban Songxia, who later changed to Ma Sanli as a teacher and took the stage name Ban Xiaokui. His real name is Bandui, and he received an apprentice named Fan Zhenyu, and Fan Zhenyu has an apprentice named Gao Feng, who is now the chief teacher of the Deyun Society. Ban Songxia has an older brother named Ban Songlin, one of the "Twelve Green Pines".
In the history of Chinese cross-talk, whether it is the number of cross-talk strips or the quality of the cross-talk strips, Zhang Jieyao is definitely a cattle man who can keep pace with Zhang Shouchen, and can definitely be called a master and a master of cattle people.