Author:Yin Fei (School of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal University)
"Double reduction" is an important measure for the party and the state to judge the hour and size up the situation, which is intended to reduce the burden of students' homework and off-campus training in the compulsory education stage, ultimately promote the comprehensive and healthy growth of children, systematically manage the education ecology, and promote the realization of the goal of education of Lide Shuren. The rapid promotion of the "double reduction" work makes parents mixed, happy is that the burden of children's homework and family expenses can be reduced, children are relaxed, parents are less anxious about following the trend of blind movement; the worry is that the test pressure is still there, the learning process is relaxed, can the final test results be relaxed? The worries are still there.
The current educational ecological problem is concentrated in the "absence" and "dislocation" of the cooperative education of the home-school community, the parent-school community has not been able to give full play to its own educational strengths, but often use its own shortcomings to make up for the strengths of others, such as the school in order to make up for the lack of students' family life experience, organized a variety of forms of educational innovation activities, squeezed the curriculum, and labored the teachers; the family is making up for the lack of school academic guidance, blindly participating in off-campus counseling, and the unprofessional parents counseling children's homework brings anxiety and even anxiety In the community between the family and the school, because the educational function is underdeveloped, it is impossible to support the family and the school, resulting in the school to carry out delayed services, increasing the non-educational burden of teachers.
Therefore, the "double reduction" is only the result of the explicit, and the internal logic of the policy should be to achieve the purpose of building a high-quality education system by alleviating the excessive academic burden of students and the irrational anxiety of the family. A high-quality education system should be a home-school community that works together to educate people, each in its place, give full play to its own educational responsibilities, and understand, support and cooperate with each other, so as to promote the balance between the goal of family training children and the goal of cultivating talents by the state, as well as the balance between children's current growth needs and future sustainable development needs.
Enhance the personalization of school academic guidance and reduce the burden of repetitive homework for students
The child's growth is not a burden, a reasonable burden will promote the child's growth and explore the child's potential, but the excessive burden will definitely cause harm to the child's growth. How does a child's excessive homework burden arise? First, the teachers of various subjects do not communicate with each other, resulting in the superposition of students' homework burdens and the absolute burden of increase; second, regardless of the individual differences of students, the "unified" homework design and arrangement, resulting in the relative burden of some students.
Whether it is an absolute burden or a relative burden, it reflects the lack of personalized design and guidance of schools on the issue of student work. There are objective differences in students' learning ability, learning style and learning foundation, which is an unavoidable reality for school education based on collective education. The main driving force for the reform of school education and teaching comes from the contradiction between "collective education" and "individual differences", in order to reduce the homework burden of students, it is necessary to design different levels of homework for the characteristics of different students and the existing level, so as to improve the personalized level of school academic guidance. In order to improve the individualized level of school academic guidance, it is necessary to liberate teachers' time, strengthen the investment in teaching and scientific research in the homework link, and strengthen communication with parents.
To liberate the teacher's time. To improve the level of personalized guidance of collective education, the first test is the teacher's time, to liberate teachers from a variety of tedious non-essential educational affairs, such as improving the ability of community education services, so that parents who do not have time to pick up their children can safely let their children enter the community education center to do homework and play games, and avoid too much time involving teachers.
It is necessary to strengthen the teaching and scientific research of the operational links. At present, the school's teaching and research mainly focuses on efficient classroom teaching research, ignoring the teaching and research of other aspects of teaching work, such as homework research and research on student learning characteristics. Although classroom teaching is the basic link of school education, but only relying on classroom teaching can not comprehensively improve the academic level of students, preparation, practice, review, examination testing, analysis and feedback and other teaching links, should be systematically studied.
Communication with parents should be strengthened. Personalized homework arrangement is embodied in the design and arrangement of hierarchical homework, which requires teachers to strengthen professional communication with parents, so that parents understand that it is not that the more difficult the homework, the more helpful it is to improve the child's performance, and the homework suitable for each child is the best homework. At the same time, by communicating with parents about the learning foundation and learning characteristics of each child, guide parents to fully and accurately understand their children's academic status, understand, accept and cooperate with the hierarchical homework assigned by teachers that are suitable for children's abilities, so as to avoid parents from increasing their children's homework burden due to anxiety rather than reason.
Enhance parents' understanding of education suitable for education and reduce the burden of blind out-of-school tutoring
Schools reduce the burden on students, and parents increase the burden on children, which is a typical phenomenon that appeared in the process of reducing burdens in the past. For parents, academic performance is the basic guarantee of children's future career success and life happiness, as they said: the college entrance examination does not reduce the burden, who dares to reduce the burden on the child? Parents' simple concept of children's achievements should not be simply criticized and blamed, sincere sympathy coupled with realistic analysis, in order to help parents find the key to solve the problem.
Some parents think that they can't get it at school and can only rely on themselves. When children's academic performance is not satisfactory, parents do not get accurate, scientific and continuous guidance in addition to receiving feedback and urging from teachers. The first reaction of helpless parents is to send their children to tutoring institutions, hoping to help their children, and in fact, many children have improved their grades, which has strengthened the willingness of parents to send their children to tutoring classes. To pull children back from the tutoring facility back to school, the effectiveness of personalized instruction in schools becomes key.
Some parents do not know the potential of their children and can only try. The reason behind the phenomenon of the national Olympic number is that the Olympic score can make children get better educational resources and better educational opportunities, which is the epitome of parents' irrational sending of their children to tutoring classes for many years. At first glance, this is a problem of examination selection, a problem of insufficient and unbalanced supply of high-quality educational resources, but in essence, it is caused by parents not knowing the potential and characteristics of their children, so that the Olympic number, which originally pointed to a small number of children with mathematical potential, has become a "mandatory option" for all parents to let their children try. If parents do not understand the potential of their children, they can only let their children take the characteristic growth path of other children, regard the resources obtained by other children as high-quality resources, and use their children's disadvantages to learn the advantages of other children. Parents should communicate with school teachers, fully understand their children's learning potential, carry forward their children's advantages, and explore the path of their children's growth and talent.
There are also some parents who work long and inflexible hours, and there is no way to pick up and drop off their children on time, so they can only entrust tutoring agencies to pick up, supervise and tutor homework. The "double reduction" policy has effectively helped this type of parent to solve practical difficulties, and children can get care and homework help in school, but it has increased the burden on teachers and squeezed the time for teachers to prepare lessons, teach scientific research and further study.
Enhance the educational function of the community and enrich the supply of high-quality educational resources around us
Educational problems have never come only from the field of education, and many problems are the refraction of social problems in the field of education. If the child is not taken care of, it can only be sent to the counseling institution, which increases the burden on the family; the delayed custody of the school increases the workload of the teacher, affecting the quality of the teacher's teaching and research and the time of personalized tutoring of students. Education reform cannot only make a fuss in schools, otherwise the operating space of the policy will become smaller and smaller and more difficult, resulting in the helplessness of "pressing the gourd and scooping up the scoop".
As a highly organized educational institution, the school implementation efficiency is high, the mobilization ability is strong, but time and space is an uncoordinated short board, if community education and family education are not fully developed, it will push the mission of children's all-round development and the expectations of Lide tree people to the school, and eventually any of them may not be done well. It is necessary to avoid too much content "into the campus" and "into the curriculum", to improve the supportive and expansive education functions of community education, and to build a working mechanism for the community and the school to collaboratively educate people.
Mobilize the educational potential of the community to support schools and families. There are huge educational resources in the community that need to be further developed. For example, the "Five Elders", various volunteer organizations, are fully competent for the care and homework tutoring of children from families with real difficulties. The Women's Federation of Jiangning District of Nanjing City held government-purchased public welfare education trusteeships for the children of the operating households in the small commodity market on weekends, holidays and winter and summer vacations, which not only did not increase the burden on school teachers, but also reassured busy parents; and according to the characteristics of family education and life, it promoted the construction of community family education support actions covering "the whole area of the community, the whole process of parents, and the whole type of family", so that the function of community collaborative education has been further improved.
The goal of "double reduction" cannot be achieved only by the efforts of either party of the family and the school, behind the educational phenomenon is a complex system of interlocking concepts, methods and mechanisms of all parties in the home-school community, and the coordinated efforts of the home-school community can truly land the "double reduction".
(This paper is a phased research result of the special project of Nanjing Social Science Foundation "Research on the Collaborative Education Mechanism of Nanjing Sound School Family Society" [Project No.: 21YB15])
Source: China Education News