Terubi is a type of building that has been handed down from ancient times. Outside or inside the gate of some tourist attractions, visitors will see a wall-like building with various carvings on it, which is very beautiful. In addition, in rural families with courtyards, as soon as you enter the gate, you can also see a wall with porcelain tiles pasted with landscape paintings, which Xuchang people call "shadow back wall". The Ming Dynasty built by the Qianming Temple in Xiangcheng County is known as the treasure of the town temple.
Qianming Temple is known as the "first wall under the world"
Xiangcheng Qianming Temple is commonly known as the Back Shadow Temple. Located in the south of the county seat, Shoushan Zhiyin is called "Qianming Temple" because of the dry position of the Bagua direction in the east. Qianming Temple was built during the reign of Tang Wude, and five generations later, in the first year of Tang Qingtai (934), the senior monk Nian Zen Master rebuilt it in the northern foothills of Shoushan Mountain. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, it was burned by soldiers and most buildings were destroyed. It was not until the Ming Chenghua period (1465-1479) that the main monk Shen Biyuan successfully rebuilt the Qianming Temple, and the main building covers an area of more than 150 acres, which is known as the "first Zen forest in Zhongzhou".
The Qianming Temple Tallinn and other ground buildings were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and there are thousand-year-old ginkgo trees in the courtyard that still exist today. The ancient buildings of Qianming Temple are simple in shape, and many of them are based on ancient systems in practice, and have strong local characteristics, which is an important material for the study of the original local architecture. Among them, the zhaobi, which is a zigzag brick wall, is one of the few preserved Ming dynasty zhaobi in the province.
The whole wall is well preserved.
The obverse is the "Yellow Emperor's First Mountain Copper Mining Map", which records the legend that the Yellow Emperor mined the copper of the first mountain and cast nine dings to determine the world. In this regard, Deng Jun, a teacher at the Jixui Central Primary School in Yingyang Town, Xiangcheng County, who wrote the book "Essays on Yinghe," said: According to the "Records of History": "The Yellow Emperor mined the copper of the first mountain and cast the Jingshan Mountain." Jingshan is on the southern outskirts of Pingdingshan City. "Zhuangzi. "Xu Wu Ghost" also records that "the Yellow Emperor will be in the mountain of Gutz, and as for the wilderness of Xiangcheng, the seven saints are all lost." "This all corresponds to the content on the wall of the Qianming Temple.
"When outsiders visit Qianming Temple, the first thing that attracts everyone is this beautifully carved photo wall." Yu Kaikai, a young calligrapher from the Zhongzhou National Academy in front of the Qianming Temple, said. The author saw at the scene that now the surrounding area of this photo wall is surrounded by white jade guardrails, and the overall look is very strong, thick and antique .
Yu Kaikai introduced that there is also a couplet on both sides of the wall. The front side is: "The Jinping is gorgeous and boundless, and the ancient temple Cui Wei is magnificent and spiritual." On the back was: "The elite of Fanlin's bright reserve Wanhui, the victory of the strong side of the mountain." "The calligraphy on it is far-reaching, and the font is generous and ethereal.
According to the "Henan Provincial Chronicle and Cultural Relics", Qianming Temple Zhaobi, built in the 30th year of Ming Jiajing (1551), is 12.93 meters long, 4.66 meters high and 0.73 meters thick, and is embedded with a variety of green brick reliefs.
Brick carvings on the front of the wall.
In 2007, the "Dictionary of Chinese Tourist Scenic Spots" compiled by the National Tourism Administration introduced that the "Yellow Emperor's First Mountain Copper Mining Map" was embedded on the front, and the "Seven Sacred Lost Path Map" was engraved on the back. The brick carving image is simple and elegant, the shape is realistic and vivid, which is the only one in the country, and is known as "the first wall under the world."
In March 2013, Qianming Temple in Xiangcheng County was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
"One Wall" carries many cultural connotations
Qianming Temple is simple and dignified, solid and heavy, and the brick carvings are exquisite, and it is said to be the treasure of the town temple of Qianming Temple. Carefully observe the relief sculptures on the wall, vivid images, like a prosperous landscape, there are people and things, there are scenery and trees, with a certain ornamentation.
Deng Jun said that the brick carvings at that time should have been carved into puzzles when making mud blanks, and after firing, the craftsmen then put the loose brick carvings together like the original image of the building blocks, which formed the pictures on the wall, which shows the exquisite craftsmanship of the Ming Dynasty construction craftsmen. Although the characters or landscapes on the wall have been damaged by wind and rain for many years, they still lose their overall beauty.
According to historical records, the Zhaobi in front of the Qianming Temple, the Liangle Pavilion on the bank of the Ru River, and the Wenfeng Pagoda on the mountain behind the temple echo each other with the original Panchi and Moxiang Wells in the Literature Temple in the city, with the meaning of "using high ridges as inkstones, Rushui as pools, mountain towers as pens, the spirit of mountains and rivers, and the style of literature and talent", which is now one of the few preserved Ming Dynasty photo walls in Henan Province.
Partial brick carvings on the wall.
"The green light illuminates the wall and people sleep for the first time, and the cold rain knocks on the window and is not warm." In Cao Xueqin's "Funeral Flower Chanting", it is mentioned that "zhaobi", an important component in ancient Chinese architecture, is mentioned. The patterns and shapes on the wall often have high artistic value and can represent the aesthetic concept, cultural background and social style of a certain period. Through "a wall", people can see the cultural and historical value it contains.
At the beginning of 2011, Xiangcheng County started the Qianming Temple wall maintenance project. After more than 3 months of repair, it is now in good condition.
The development of Zhaobi has a long history
Deng Jun said that the zhaobi, also known as the shadow wall, the zhaobi, the screen wall, the shadow back wall, etc., is an indispensable accessory building of the courtyard in ancient house architecture. It is generally set outside the gate directly opposite the gate, or in the courtyard inside the gate, and is an empty wall used as a barrier in the old building. It can not only avoid the line of sight, hide the body, so that people can not see the inside of the house at a glance, but also have the effect of decorating the courtyard. Even some ancient royal tombs also appear on the wall.
The shape of the zhaobi depends on the layout of the plan, and is divided into one character zhaobi, eight character zhaobi, skimming mountain zhaobi, and zashan zhaobi. It is a collection of paintings, sculptures, and architecture, decorated with landscape plants, historical celebrities, classic humanistic stories, etc., which can be described as varied.
It is a national cultural protection unit.
"In the history of Chinese architecture, if you look at it from the perspective of feng shui, the wall can play a role in warding off evil spirits." Deng Jun said that in ancient times, the zhaobi was generally a wall set up inside or outside the door, which faced the gate, not only played the role of a barrier, but also blocked evil qi and avoided the loss of feng shui in the home in the eyes of the ancients. Therefore, the value and practicality of the wall also make it widely used in life, whether it is ancient or modern. Some families with courtyards build houses, and some families will build a wall.
Zhaobi carries China's long-standing history and culture, and has been endowed with profound artistic connotations with the development of society. Therefore, as a materialized form of traditional Chinese culture, Zhaobi also reflects the feng shui concepts, etiquette ideas and aesthetic tastes of ancient Chinese ancestors, and condenses part of the essence of traditional Chinese culture.