In late February in Beijing, when the wind was fine, my friends and I went to see the tomb tower of Yao Guangxiao, and traveled more than 60 kilometers to Changle Temple Village, Qinglonghu Town, Fangshan. After walking a long way along the woods, there was a large pine forest in front of it, and the top of the pine forest revealed a beautiful blue-gray spire.
Meng Chun's sunlight sprinkled warmly on the earth and brushed on his body. It was quiet, there were no bustling tourists, no vendors selling goods, not even a trace of wind, and the branches of the green pines were motionless, all this may be for fear of disturbing the sleeping Daoyan Master, above the holy post, there was peace.
The Yao Guangxiao Mausoleum has no walls and is open. The tomb tower towers high above the sacred post, outstanding and elegant, built in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, is an octagonal nine-level dense-eaves brick tower, about 33 meters high. The overall structure of the tomb tower is well-proportioned, and the floral patterns on the tower are unique and finely carved. The base of Meru-za Tower is carved with birthday patterns and flowers on the waist, and the four sides are carved with false doors, and the four sides are carved with false windows. A piece of ashlar is embedded on the front lintel, and the inscription on it reads: "The Young Master of the Crown Prince presents the Tower of Yao Guangxiao of Rongguo Gongjinggong". Above the tower is nine layers of astringent eaves, copper bells are suspended at each corner, and the wind blows and the sound is melodious .
Shinto is straight and broad, and the incense ash in the bronzed incense burner is thick. The tomb tower is surrounded by low hills and jungle, and to the northwest is the rolling Taihang Mountain.
There is a national key cultural relic protection monument in the west of the Shinto in front of the tower, and the "Monument to the Shinto of Yao Guangxiao" by Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, on the east side, which was erected in the first year of Xuande (1426). The full text is 1243 words, 600 years of time, the handwriting is long, it is difficult to read, and after returning home, I read it carefully in combination with "The Biography of Ming Shi Yao Guangxiao", and I gained a lot.
Yao Guangxiao, a native of Changzhou, was originally a son of a medical family. At the age of fourteen, he became a monk, and learned the art of yin and yang with the Taoist priest Xi Yingzhen. When Dao Yan visited Songshan Temple, a physiognomy named Yuan Jue saw him and said: "What a monk this is, with triangular eyes, shaped like a sick tiger, must be murderous, and it is Liu Bingzhong and the like." "Who is Liu Bingzhong? He was an outstanding politician and literary scholar in the early Yuan Dynasty, and was Guo Shoujing's teacher, and Dao Yan was overjoyed after hearing it.
In the middle of Hongwu's year, Emperor Taizu ordered monks who were proficient in Confucianism to take the examination at the Ministry of Rites. Dao Yan did not want to become an official and was given monk clothes and returned. Later, Taizu wanted to select a senior monk to recite blessings for the kings, and Zong Lu recommended Daoyan. King Yan talked with Dao Yan and was very engaged, so he asked Dao Yan to follow him.
King Yan said in the "Yao Guangxiao Shinto Inscription": The track is solemn, and everyone respects it. Immerse yourself in the inner canon, and get the mystery. Play excitedly, broadly, and maturely, and greatly revitalize the sect. Bypassing through Confucianism, to the words of all sons and hundreds of families, all run through. Therefore, his articles are beautiful, poetic and simple, and they are all beyond the ordinary. Although the literati were convinced, they thought that they were not as good as they could - it can be seen that Zhu Di spoke highly of him.
Shinto monuments
Yao Guangxiao, who is familiar with both Confucianism and Taoism, is good at strategizing, good at power struggles, good at fortune-telling and prediction, and is known as the first "demon monk" in China and the prime minister in black. He did the three most important things in his life: first, he helped Zhu Di usurp the throne and seize the world, second, he presided over the construction of the city of Beijing, and third, he presided over the compilation of the "Yongle Classic".
The reason why Yao Guangxiao is called a "demon monk" is not that he is bad, but that his means are too powerful, he sees what people have never seen, knows what people do not know, has a strong ability to predict the world, he has a compassionate heart, he knows that the great Confucian Fang Xiaoxiao is a stubborn person, so he told the king of Yan: "On the day under the city, he will not descend, fortunately do not kill him." Kill filial piety, and the seeds of reading in the world are extinct. ”
"Ming Shi Fang Xiaoxiao Lie": Cheng Zu descended, Lao Yu: "Sir does not suffer from himself, give the desire to the Duke of Zhou to become a king's ear." "Cheng Wang is safe?" Cheng Zu said: "He burned himself to death." "Why not become the son of a king?" Cheng Zu said: "The country depends on the long king." "Why not become the brother of the king?" Cheng Zu said: "This is a family affair." Gu left and right gave the pen, saying: "Decree the world, unless Mr. Grass is not allowed" filial piety threw the pen to the ground, and cried and scolded: "Death is dead ears, and the edict is not grass." "Cheng Zu is angry, and the cities are fated.
Fang Xiaozi, who refused to write Zhu Di's edict on the accession to the throne, was condemned to ten tribes, and more than 870 people died.
Before Zhu Di's uprising, Daoyan abbot Qingshou Temple. He went in and out of King Yan's mansion, often avoiding people with King Yan, and his whereabouts were very secret. After Emperor Jianwen ascended the throne, he cut the domain in turn, and Dao Yan secretly persuaded King Yan to raise troops. King Yan said, "The people's hearts are towards him, what should I do?" Dao Yan replied, "The minister knows the Heavenly Dao, why bother with the hearts of the people? King Yan adopted his advice and secretly selected generals, gathered troops, and accepted talented and powerful people. Dao Yan trained troops in the back garden, forged weapons, and raised geese and ducks to cover up the noise.
When King Yan decided to raise his army, a storm suddenly came, and the tiles on the house fell, and he was frightened. Dao Yan said: "This is a good omen. The flying dragon is in the sky, and the wind and rain follow. When the tiles fall to the ground, it means that they will be replaced with yellow. King Yan then raised his army, known as the "division of Jingjian", and Dao Yan assisted Shizi to stay behind.
In October of that year, Li Jinglong took the opportunity to attack Beiping, and Dao Yan defended it very tightly, repelling the attackers. Dao Yan sent strong men out of the city at night and wounded the southern soldiers. Reinforcements arrived, combined internal and external attacks, and beheaded countless people. King Yan attacked Jinan for three months, and Dao Yan immediately suggested it, which King Yan accepted, defeated the generals in a row, and crossed the river into the capital.
After Chengzu took the throne, he moved to Shandong and north of the Yellow River for three years, and although Dao Yan did not fight in battle, he was able to strategize, win thousands of miles away, and ranked first in terms of merit. In April of the second year of Yongle (1404), the emperor granted Daoyan the title of Zishan Daifu and Prince Young Master, restored his surname, gave him the name Guangxiao, posthumously bestowed his grandfather the same official position, and ordered him to grow his hair, but he refused. He also gave it to the mansion and two palace maidens, but he did not accept it.
Yao Guangxiao lived in a monastic monastery and wore a crown and belt when he went to see the emperor, but he still changed back into a monk's uniform after retiring from the dynasty. He distributed all the gold and cloth he gave to the clan villagers. He supervised the Records of Taizu, and he edited the Yongle Canon with Xie Jin.
After the success of the Jing Dynasty, Yao Guangxiao built a quiet room in Tanzhe Temple, and after that, Yao Guangxiao wandered between Beijing and Tanzhe Temple.
Yao Guangxiao walked between the streams and valleys, quietly listening to the murmuring water and the sound of insects, and from time to time there would be a little drizzle flying down his face, which was particularly cool. "The rocky mountains are open to the eyes and ears, and the mist is dripping with clothes." He was very comfortable. This place is really suitable for cultivation," Yi Shen Water Tree was clear and cold, and his eyes were full of strange peaks into the summer clouds. A slight cool breeze sounds, and the warblers in the mountains play a lot. This is the poem written by the Kangxi Emperor during his summer tour in 1702.
During Yao Guangxiao's seclusion in Tanzhe Temple, when Chengzu had major events and doubts, he always sought him for help. Chengzu even said: "I'm not going back to Beijing, let's stay with you, how good it is here!" ”
Later, Yao Guangxiao built Beijing according to the architectural layout and main landscape of Tanzhe Temple, such as Zizhuyuan, Longtan, archway, Baishi Bridge, Liubei Pavilion, Bell and Drum Tower, etc., which is one of the reasons why "first there was Tanzhe Temple, then there was Beijing City". In this way, Chengzu could see the landscape of Tanzhe Temple everywhere, and his mood was relaxed.
The temple where Yao Guangxiao stayed is also the Xiangguang Temple in Dahanji Village, Zhoukoudian Town, which was once used as Yao Guangxiao's "other industry", and there are many records in the literature, and its other industry and inscriptions confirm each other, becoming an important relic for people to study the historical facts of Yao Guangxiao.
Yao Guangxiao became seriously ill at the age of eighty-four and still lived in Qingshou Temple. Cheng Zu took the car twice to visit, and the two talked very happily. Cheng Zu gave him a golden spit pot and asked him what he wanted. Yao Guangxiao said: "The monk Puqia has been in prison for a long time, hoping to pardon him. "Pu Qia is the chief monk of Emperor Jianwen. At the beginning, Zhu Di entered Nanjing, and some people said that Emperor Jianwen pretended to be a monk and fled because of Puqia. Chengzu agreed to Yao Guangxiao's request and immediately released him.
Yao Guangxiao bowed his head in thanks, and died soon after. Chengzu was shaken and mourned, and died for two days. Because Yao Guangxiao forged an indissoluble bond with the Buddha, after his death, the imperial court was buried with the highest level of monastic rites. On April 6, Yao Guangxiao's body was cremated according to Buddhist rituals, and on June 11, he was buried in the completed Fangshan Shenggang Tomb Pagoda. Chengzu handwritten Shinto inscription.
The imperial court posthumously bestowed Yao Guangxiao with the title of Gongjin Gong Jin as the assistant of the state to publicize the power of Wenchen, Doctor Ronglu, Shangzhu Guo, and Rongguo Gong, and specially appointed Yao Guangxiao to enjoy the temple court of Emperor Taizong of Ming, which was the highest honor of a courtier. Looking at the list of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong in the list of worthy temples, sixteen meritorious people from the king of Zhongshan Xu Da downwards were all martial ministers born into death, and only Yao Guangxiao was worthy of the Wen Chen.
Walking on the Shinto Road, looking back at the tomb tower, here is far from the hustle and bustle, the cemetery is not guarded, only the dense forest is guarded, it looks more and more solemn, making people's calm hearts ripple.
Chaoju temple, at night in the rivers and lakes. Except for Yao Guangxiao, no one can switch between these two roles easily. Yao Guangxiao spent his life in the turbulent political vortex, using the world as a chessboard and the prince as a pawn. He is well versed in the truth of rabbit dead dog cooking, success and retirement, although the merit is great, the power is tilted, but he is willing to green lantern ancient Buddha, the original intention remains unchanged, so he can be alone. Tang Ren Hu once had a poem Yun "On Cai Dongmen cunning rabbit fat, Li Si forgot to return south?" Gong Cheng did not solve the plan to retreat, and waited for Yunyang's blood to stain his clothes." Looking at history, are there few people like Lees?
Zhuyu showed his speech, and he was a courtier. For tens of thousands of years, the stream of light is endless - these are the last four sentences on the Shinto tablet.