In the information age, children and parents have significantly increased their eye time, excessive eye use has become a common phenomenon, and long-term excessive eye use and other bad eye habits have made more and more myopic children and big friends. In the face of TV, mobile phones, tablets and long-term work and study that cannot be avoided in life, it is urgent to learn to love and protect eyes.
In the last issue, we invited Dr. Chan to share with you "What should parents do to protect children's vision?" , many readers said that after reading the article, they were still unfinished: children's eye protection knowledge is almost mastered, and big friends also want to learn some eye care dry goods. In order to respond to the voice of all the big friends and meet the "just needs" of everyone's eye protection, this issue of Popular Science, Yuanhe Medical asked Dr. Chen to talk about how big friends and children should protect their eyesight and take care of eye health.
How does myopia form? Why did you suddenly become myopic?
The occurrence of myopia is gradual, long-term "bad habits" make the eyes continue to fatigue, resulting in myopia, but in the early stage of myopia, the symptoms of unclear vision are not obvious, and by the time the patient finds myopia, it is too late. Dr. Chan's causes of myopia are categorized into congenital and acquired.
Congenital factors: genetics
Myopia, like height, is determined by the environment and multiple genes, and some people are born more likely to be myopic. Parents who are highly myopic are more likely to develop myopia than their peers.
Acquired factors: excessive eye use, poor eye habits, lack of outdoor exercise
Long-term excessive eye use can lead to severe eye strain, and over time, the eye axis becomes longer, objects are imaged before the retina, and myopic people cannot see distant objects clearly. Long-term eye use but not enough rest and relaxation, myopia degree is naturally getting higher and higher.
At this time, readers will ask: I am old, why am I still myopic?
Because myopia can not "pick people", whether it is children or adults, as long as they continue to use unhealthy eyes, accumulation over time, myopia may occur.
Myopia is true and false, stupid can't tell the difference?
Pseudomyopia and true myopia have an essential difference, pseudomyopia has a "false" word, because it causes blurred vision can be relieved by rest, once the eyes are no longer overused, the eye muscles are relaxed, and the symptoms of myopia will slowly disappear. True myopia is different, true myopia is caused by changes in the structure of the eyes and eyes, and will not reduce symptoms because of rest.
The easiest way to distinguish pseudomyopia from true myopia is to go to the hospital for mydriatic refraction, after mydriastic refraction, true myopia patients are still myopia, while pseudomyopia patients can return to normal vision. However, even if the test results show false myopia, it should not be taken lightly, and if you do not change bad eye habits, false myopia may become true myopia. The saying "fake can't be true" does not apply to false myopia!
How should true myopia be "treated"?
"How to treat myopia" is one of the most frequently asked questions by Dr Chan, but unfortunately, myopia cannot be treated, only corrected. Because myopia is caused by a change in the refractive state of the eye, it is an irreversible process and there is no way to restore the abnormal refractive state to normal. At present, there is no way to cure myopia, and can only rely on glasses, surgery and other methods to correct vision.
At present, common vision correction surgeries include laser surgery and implantable lens surgery (ICL), which includes half-femtosecond laser surgery and full femtosecond laser surgery. People often ask, which surgical method is better to choose? In fact, there is no absolute quality of surgical methods, only what is suitable for the patient is the best.
Take laser surgery and ICL as examples:
Laser surgery uses laser to reshape and adjust the shape of the cornea, changing the shape of corneal tissue, so as to achieve the effect of correcting vision. ICL is a special lens implanted between the person's iris and the natural lens for correction, which can be regarded as a contact lens built into the eye. ICL surgery is a better option for some patients with high myopia and ultra-high myopia who are not suitable for relatively simple laser surgery. The scope of laser surgery is limited to the superficial ocular surface, which is simple to operate, lower cost, and more suitable for people with low prescription and thick cornea. The two surgical methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is impossible to simply distinguish between good and bad, and myopic patients should be subject to the examination results and doctor's judgment when choosing specific surgical methods.
Corrective surgery sounds scary, how not to be myopic?
Indeed, the current myopia correction surgery is very mature, but after all, the correction surgery is a knife on the eye, which still sounds very scary. In order not to be "knifed", the best way is to avoid myopia or detect myopia in the early stage, and intervene in time to prevent the degree of myopia from deepening.
Prevention and delay of myopia is a common topic, Dr. Chen summarized the methods to prevent and delay myopia from two aspects: behavioral habits and medical intervention.
Behavioral habits: develop good eye habits, reduce long-term eye use, and do more outdoor sports; Regular work and rest to ensure adequate sleep; Reduce the intake of sweets and eat a balanced diet; Regular vision follow-up is performed, and screening in the hospital is recommended once every six months.
Medical intervention: drugs such as atropine can delay the progression of myopia to a certain extent, mostly used in minors; Wearing functional myopia glasses can control the growth of the eye axis; OK lenses (orthokeratology lenses) have a 40-50% control effect on myopia progression.
The early detection of myopia requires "dim sum", especially for children, and more importantly, the care and patience of parents. For various reasons, such as fear of parental punishment or frustration, and not wanting to wear glasses, children dare not tell their parents that they have vision problems, resulting in missing a short but valuable intervention period. Parents need to take the initiative to find problems to prevent their children from developing pseudomyopia to true myopia. As for all friends, you should develop the habit of regularly checking your vision and conduct a comprehensive vision screening at least once a year.
How can parents "fire eyes" to detect their children's myopia in time?
When you find that your child appears: often squinting at things, blinking, rubbing eyes, tilting his head to see things, frowning, pulling the corners of his eyes, reading books at close range, not saying hello when he sees acquaintances, complaining about classroom light and blackboard reflections, etc., it is necessary to be vigilant and consider whether the child may be myopic.
In life, parents can also ask their children from time to time about the distant word plates and patterns, once the child's vision is found to be abnormal, they should go to the hospital in time to determine the real cause of vision loss. It is recommended that parents with conditions undergo eye examination every six months to prevent and control myopia and other eye diseases in a timely manner.
Today's eye health science popularization is over here, I hope that all big friends and children can have a pair of bright and healthy eyes.
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