The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a book published after the official organization of the Western Han Dynasty. Although there are myths as the content, legends as the body of the book; However, the content recorded also has very important historical, literary, geographical and other values.
In the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", the first person with the most ink is both Di Jun. There are as many as seventeen or eight places about him. From so many stories of Dijun, we can see the importance of Dijun's identity.
Dijun is omnipresent in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" and other contents in the Middle East, Southwest and North. He has many wives, many children and grandchildren, and many careers and inventions. Many clans, including the surnames Jiang, Yao, and Pin (Xiao), were separated by him. According to legend, the ten suns were his sons and the twelve moons were his daughters. Among them: the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" also has: "Di Junsheng Di Hong", indicating that Di Jun and Di Hong are father and son, and they are both emperors. In other words, Di Hong inherited Dijun's throne. It shows that this father-son relationship determines the social environment and status and life history of the two.
According to the customary writing method of the ancient Chinese people, "emperor" should be the title of social status, which means emperor. "Jun" and "Hong" should be names or numbers. In this way, from the parent-child relationship and social status of the two, we can see many of their problems. The meaning of "emperor" is very clear, and the heavenly gods also need the highest grade to be called emperors. The character 寇帝 generally refers to the emperors of ancient China. Princes cannot be called emperors, and the word "emperor" cannot be preceded by their names. For example, Chi You has never been an emperor, and naturally he has never seen the word emperor in his records.
Dijun:
Some people think that Dijun is a person of the Yandi sequence or the Yellow Emperor sequence, and some say that he is a mythical god. So, who is he really?
Dijun should be Emperor Jun, or "Jun" this emperor. According to historical records:
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Great Wilderness of the East contains:
"In the great wilderness, there are mountains with the names of the void, and the sun and the moon come out. There is the country of Zhongrong, the emperor Junsheng Zhongrong, Zhongrong people eat beasts, wood solid, make the four birds: leopard tiger bear bang", obviously, Zhongrong is the most eastern country.
"There is the country of the Shadows. Emperor Junsheng Yan Long, Yan Long Sheng Si You. Si Yousheng Si Shi, no wife; Si Nu, not fu. The millet eater is the four birds. ", Yan Long is also a well-known person in ancient times.
"There is the country of white people. Di Junsheng Di Hong, Di Hong Sheng Bai Min, Bai Min Pin (Xiao) surname, millet food, make the four birds (1), tiger, leopard, bear, bang", Bai Minguo in the foothills of the Changbai Mountains in the northeast of present-day northeast.
"There is the country of black teeth. Di Junsheng black-toothed, surnamed Jiang, and eaten four birds. ", the inhabitants of the Black Tooth Country living on the banks of the current Heilongjiang River.
"There are five birds that abandon the sand. But the emperor is a friend, the emperor is two altars, and bird picking is the division. "These countries are named after colored birds.
And also:
"In the great wilderness, there is a mountain named Tiansumen, born of the sun and the moon." The location of the sunrise varies throughout the year, so there are many sunrise mountains.
"There are mountains in the great wilderness, known as stars, and the sun and the moon", as well as mountains such as Dayan, Hexi, Juling in the sky, East Pole, Leaving the Eye, and Ming Junji (the country of Zhongrong), all of which are places where the sun and the moon rise.
"In the great wilderness, there is a mountain name known as the sin and shaking. There are buttresses, pillars of three hundred li, and its leaves are like mustard. There is a valley known as the warm source valley. There are buttresses in the Tang (Yang) Valley, one day to the end, one day to the other, all contained in Wu. "In the distant wilderness, in the mountains of sunrise, there are valleys, and the sunrise and sunrise are carried by golden crows.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Southern Classic of the Great Wilderness contains:
"There are people with three bodies, the emperor's wife and the emperor, born into the country of these three bodies. The surname Yao, the food of millet, makes the four birds. "This emperor is not Yao's daughter or Shun's wife. It's just the same name.
"Someone eats beasts, so it's a season. Emperor Junsheng Ji Qi. Therefore, it is known as the country of the season. ”，
"There is a deep ,...... There are four sides of water, and the name is Jun Altar". There are four sources of water, and it is the place where the emperor sacrifices to the heavens or sacrifices.
Beyond the Southeast Sea, between the sweet waters, there is the country of Xihe, and there is a woman named Xihe, and Fang Ri bathes in Ganyuan. Xihe, the wife of Emperor Jun, was born on ten days", this woman Xihe, not Yao Shun's Xihe brothers.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Great Wilderness of the West contains:
"Emperor Jun gave birth to a hundred grains. Ji's brother is known as Taixi and born uncle. Shujun began farming on behalf of his father and sowing grain. ”
Houji is not millet, it should be the descendant of the person called millet. Ji was the son of the Shennong clan, whose name was Zhu. There are many people with the name "Houji", all of whom are people who contribute to the crop, and they are called them.
"The Twenty-ninth Year of Zuo Chuan Zhao Gong" contains: "There is a pillar of the Lieshan clan, for the grass". Ji's grandson, Shujun, began to plow the fields with cattle. Houji continued to expand the farming culture of the Shennong clan and pushed agricultural production to a higher level, so the world called it Houji.
This Houji of Di Junsheng is not the person who is called Houji, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty. The ancestor of Zhou was abandoned in name, and he was credited in the Yao Shun era, and he was called Houji.
The Shiji Shiji Volume 3 Zhou Benji IV contains:
"Zhou Houji, name abandoned". When Yao Shun was aside, he abandoned "so that the cultivators are good, the land is suitable, the grain is suitable for the grain, and the people are the law." When Emperor Yao heard this, he abandoned him as a farmer, and the world benefited and made meritorious achievements. Di Shun said: 'Abandon, the people of Li will be hungry, and then the grain will be sown.' 'Abandoned Yu Tai, known as Houji, don't surname Ji. ”
Although later generations abandoned it, it was called Houji; But his surname Ji is a person of the Yellow Emperor sequence. The real Houji is the Houji born to Dijun. Abandonment is only because of its virtue of farming, and it is also known as Houji.
And also:
"In the great wilderness, there is a mountain named Fengyumen, where the sun and the moon enter." There are also Dragon Mountain, Yong Ji Ju, Changyang Mountain, etc., all of which are places where the sunset sets.
"There are people with a backarm, and the name is Tianyu. There is a women's square bath moon. Emperor Jun's wife Chang Xi, born in two out of ten, this is the beginning of the bath." This Chang Xi should be the so-called Xihe.
The "Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Great Wilderness of the North" contains: "Weiqiu has three hundred miles of staff, and the Emperor Junjun Bamboo Forest in the south of Qiu is in Yan, and it can be a boat." ”
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Classic of the Sea contains:
"Di Junsheng Yu, Yu number gave birth to adulterous Liang, obscene Liang gave birth to Panyu, is the beginning of the boat. Panyu gave birth to Xi Zhong, Xi Zhongsheng Jiguang, and Jiguang was originally based on wood. ”
"Emperor Jun gave Yi Tong a bow to help the country, and Yi was the beginning to compensate for the hardships of the earth. Di Junsheng Yan Long, Yan Long is for Qin Se. Dijun has eight sons, which began as a song and dance. Emperor Junsheng has three bodies, three bodies give birth to righteousness, and righteousness is the beginning of the coincidence, is the beginning of the people's hundred coincidences. ”
It can be seen that the life of the Dijun clan is far away, and from the perspective of Dijun's life Yi "to support the lower country", Dijun should be a god emperor or a previous country higher than or before the "lower country". Similarly, Yi was also a person at that time. Yi was very loyal to his duties, and Di Jun gave him a divine bow, but he did not expect that the world changed heaven and earth. The Yellow Emperor took over the world of the Yan Emperor, and the ten Sun Golden Crow Birds were very unsatisfied, so they no longer worked step by step, and came out indiscriminately, and even ten suns came out together. The world was greatly injured, so Yi shot nine suns with a divine bow. Di Jun regretted it and wanted to pursue Yi. So Yi went around asking for elixirs. Attempt to escape and avoid punishment. But his wife Chang'e stole his elixir and fled to the moon, where the gods did not care. Therefore, Di Jun punished Yi in the lower realm, and there was no Yi in the immortal world. The immortals could not be done, and by the time of Yao Shunyu, Yi had done a lot of things.
It can be seen from the above that Dijun's descendants have the surname Jiang, the surname Yao, and the surname Pin (should be Xiao, Xiao and other surnames), most of which are "millet food, make the four birds"; The children born have 10 suns, 12 moons, etc.
"Jiang", the original surname of the Shennong clan. The surnames Yao and Pin are derived surnames from the descendants of the Shennong clan. "Millet food", which is eaten due to farming. "Four birds": Hongtori clan, phoenix clan, gentori clan, and blue bird clan. The one who was born for ten days is none other than the Yan Emperor.
The Yandi Shennong clan and its descendants taught people to grow crops, were called the King of Huode, and worshipped fire and sun. ——All kinds of birds are the mascots believed in by the Yandi regime.
——These are the obvious characteristics of the Yandi of the Shennong clan.
According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas and other classical texts, Emperor Yan had 10 sons, all of which were suns; There are 12 women, all of which are legends of the moon; Di Jun is undoubtedly the Yan Emperor, but which Yan Emperor? - It should be carefully discussed. Judging from the fact that Di Jun has many children, it is obviously not the Yan Emperor of the Shennong clan. Because, according to historical records, the "son" of the Yandi of the Shennong clan should be different from the son of the sun. The "Classic of Mountains and Seas" says "ten days", not ten sons, which is definitely different from "day" and "son".
In addition, some people say that Dijun is a god of heaven, which is even more impossible. Among Dijun's sons, one of them also became an "emperor" - Di Hong. The two emperors, father and son, have an inheritance relationship. From this point alone, the statement that Dijun is a heavenly god God is already untenable. Because the gods are immortal, in heaven, it is impossible for a son to inherit his father and become an "emperor". Ashiya, Dijun is the saying of God and the gods, rest.
In the Yellow Emperor series, there is basically no father-son inheritance among the emperors before Yu, only Danzhu seems to have been an emperor for a few days, but he is not a regular emperor. Danzhu and Yao are father-son relationships, but they contradict the timing of Yao Shun's drive to the Four Murderous Clan. Because, if Danzhu is the Dihong clan, among the four fierce clans mentioned in the "History", there are "untalented sons of the Dihong clan" who were moved to Siyi by Yao Shun; The Dihong clan is the son of the Dijun clan, and it is impossible to hang up with Yao's son Danzhu. The emperors after Xia have a father-son relationship, and they can't stick to the affairs of the emperor. Therefore, Dijun has nothing to do with the Yellow Emperor series. Judging from the content recorded, Di Jun can only be a person from the Yandi series.
From the "Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Book of Inner Seas", Dijun built ships in the next three generations and built cars in the last five generations. Compared with our recognized Yellow Emperor period of shipbuilding, cars, etc., Dijun is much earlier and is the predecessor of the Yellow Emperor. Obviously, once again, it shows that Di Jun cannot be a person of the Yellow Emperor sequence, but can only be a person of the Yandi sequence.
Dihong:
It is also said that the Dihong clan is the Yellow Emperor. For example, in the "Shiben", it is said: "The Yellow Emperor is also known as the Emperor Hong". "Zuo Chuan Wen Gong Eighteen Years" Du Note: "Di Hong, Yellow Emperor". The Five Emperors [Justice] also says: "The Yellow Emperor,...... Also known as the Dihong clan".
However, there are already many historical sources that show that the Yellow Emperor and the Dihong clan are two people. At the very least, Di Hong's father was an emperor, while the Yellow Emperor was different. The Yellow Emperor's father Shaodian could be called "Wang" at most, and there was no record of his father's posthumous title in the Yellow Emperor's era, so the Yellow Emperor's father could not have the title of "Emperor". Therefore, Dihong is the Yellow Emperor, which can only be nonsense.
Some people say that the Dihong clan is Qianyou, and if it is really Qianyou, it is also a person in the Yandi sequence, which coincides with his father is the Yandi series. So, is Chi You the Dihong clan? In response to these problems, we analyze the relevant historical materials:
"Shiji Five Emperors Benji No. 1" contains: "The former emperor Hong clan has no talents,......。 Shaohao's talent is not talented,......。 Does the Typhoon clan have talents,......。 These three families are worried. Later, these three clans, plus the Jinyun clan, a total of four fierce clans, were driven by Emperor Shun to live in four remote places.
According to the written order, it indicates that the Dihong clan preceded the Shaohao clan. Among the four, the latter three are all saints in the eyes of Huaxia, while Qianyou is a demon in the eyes of Huaxia people. Speaking like this, four people are not worthy of the army. Dihong, in the eyes of the ancients, can only be a big man in the eyes of people, otherwise this sentence does not make sense in terms of logic and humanities, customs, habits, etc. Only the descendants of the four saints can compare the "untalented sons", and the demon descendants are not talents, which is not surprising, and cannot be the same as the latter three.
Shaohao, also written Shaohao, Shaohao, Shaohao, has a variety of directions. One is said to be the red, white, blue, yellow, and black emperors of the heavenly gods; One is related to the Yan Emperor, a nation with birds as mascots; One is Xuanxuan, and the other is Changyi. Among them, Xuan Yao and Changyi are both sons of the Yellow Emperor and Yuan Concubine Luozu. But at present, it is generally believed that Shaohao is arrogant.
Shaohao Xuanxuan (circa 2698 BC – circa 2525 BC) had magical and extraordinary abilities. When he was a teenager, he was sent by his father Huangdi and his mother Concubine to the Fenghong tribe, the largest tribe in the Dongyi tribal alliance. When he grew up, he married the daughter of the Phoenix Bird Clan and became the leader of the Phoenix Bird tribe, and later became the leader of the entire Dongyi tribe, ruling Jianghan and the east.
Dongyi was once a subordinate of Emperor Yan and led by Chi You. Because both Emperor Yan and Chi You were defeated by the Yellow Emperor, the place belonged to the Yellow Emperor, and the Yellow Emperor gave Dongyi to Xuan Yao.
The Dihong clan is both emperor and two generations of emperors with Dijun; Dijun has clear characteristics of the Yandi series, so the Dihong clan will never leave the Yandi series, and it is impossible to be in the Yellow Emperor series. It is even more unlikely to be the Yellow Emperor, because neither the father nor the son of the Yellow Emperor are emperors. None of the relationship between Zhuanxiao, Di Xuan, Yao, Shun, and Yu is a father-son relationship. In the subsequent emperor series, although there are father and son emperors, they are not on the stubble. Therefore, the Dihong clan can only be in the "emperor" before Shaohao, and only before the Yellow Emperor. And Chi You himself did not become an emperor, nor did he have an emperor's father or an emperor's son, let alone an imperial succession.
Then, the Dihong Clan can only be the emperor in the Yandi sequence.
The "untalented son" quoted here refers to the descendants of the people of the world who are troubled, and the meaning of this passage in the "History" clearly says that saints also have unworthy descendants.
When Sima Qian wrote the Shizhi, Chi You had already been historically identified as a villain and demonized him. The ancestors of the four fierce races in the time of Yao Shun must all be positive figures, and according to the writing methods of ancient Chinese ancestors, it is impossible for Chi You to be ranked alongside positive great people. The "Shiji" of the Western Han Dynasty will definitely be written in accordance with the rules of the ancients.
Among them, Shaohao is the concubine of the Yellow Emperor, the head of the southern regime, and is a praiser in history. Needless to say, Emperor Zhuan was the Gaoyang clan who succeeded the Yellow Emperor, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and one of the Five Emperors. The Jinyun clan was the arse minister of the Yellow Emperor and an indispensable "saint" for the Yellow Emperor and the world at that time. These three people are all positive characters, how can the Dihong clan be negative characters?
If the Dihong clan is Chi You, then isn't it normal that the descendants of the monsters are not good people? What is there to say? Who can compare the descendants of yokai with the bad descendants of sages?
Literally, the "Dihong clan" should be the person who became the emperor, otherwise the word "emperor" cannot be preceded by the name.
Emperor Yan is the king of fire and admires the sun. Although Chi You was also once a member of the Yandi sequence, he also belonged to fire; But he was not the representative of the Huode King, nor did he call himself an emperor in the land of China, but only the king of Sanmiao and Dongyi. Chi You's name has never been preceded by the character Emperor, and no one calls him Emperor.
Therefore, Chi You and Di Hong Clan are not alone,—— Di Hong Clan cannot be Chi You.
Judging from the order in which Sima Qian arranged the three people of the Dihong clan, Shaohao, and Zhuanxiao, the Dihong clan was before Shaohao, so the Dihong clan was at least the same person as the Yellow Emperor. In addition, plus the four people of the Yellow Emperor's heavy minister Jinyun, they are all people directly related to the Yellow Emperor. This range is the only one - it can only be Sun Yuzhi, the eighth generation of the Yan Emperor. Because, there was only one person on the imperial throne at that time, that is, Yu Yi, who was overthrown by the Yellow Emperor.
"Yandi" is not a person's proper name; It is the imperial government jointly controlled by the Shennong clan and its descendants, and is the imperial name of a dynasty. Until the eighth generation of Sun Yuzhi came to power, the "History Records Volume 1 Five Emperors Book I" contained: "At the time of Xuanyuan, the Shennong clan declined, the princes invaded each other, tyrannical the people", "The Yan Emperor wanted to invade the princes of Lingling, and the princes returned to Xuanyuan".
The Dihong clan should be named Hong, and the title is Emperor. The meaning of Hongzi is:
The Kangxi Dictionary explains that "hong" is a large bird; It also means flood, big ditch, surname, and also has the meaning of "Hongmeng" and "the land where the eastern sun comes from", which is the place where the Yandi belongs,...... Meaning.
The term "Hongmeng" refers to the chaotic state before the formation of the universe, and also refers to the vitality of nature. For example, "Zhuangzi Zaiyou" contains: "The cloud will travel east, pass the branch of shaking, and be suitable for Hongmeng". "Huainanzi Dao Yingxun" also contains: "The party of the poor in the west, the first to open the east to the prosperous". Cheng Xuanying once said: "Hongmeng, vitality also". In addition, the volume of "Qin and Six Kingdoms Pingyu" reads: "Hongmeng judged, and the atmosphere began." The "hong" in it mainly refers to the meaning of large, primitive, etc.
Although "Hong Bird" is one of the main symbols of the Yandi series, such as: saying that Yandi "makes four birds", there are Hong birds among the four birds. Description: "Hong" can mean bird, but not "bird" can explain the word "Hong". Because "bird" is not a title for the emperor, the title of the emperor is much higher than that of the bird. Yandi is "making four birds", not four birds.
"Lü's Spring and Autumn" says: "Peng Zu Yi Shou, three generations Yi Chang, five emperors Yi Zhao, Shennong Yi Hong".
The "Classic of Mountains and Seas" and related historical texts say that the Yandi tribe "eats and makes four birds", of which the four birds are: the Hongniao clan, the phoenix bird clan, the Xuanniao clan, and the Qingniao clan. There is no doubt that the "Hong" belongs to the Shennong clan.
Taken literally, birds, days, etc. are obvious Yandi characteristics. "Hong" is a big divine bird, moving its wings is 80,000 li, who can afford its divine mighty name? Moreover, "Hong" is the place where the sunrise rises in the East, and there is also the saying "Shennong Yihong"; Therefore, "Dihong clan" obviously refers to the concept of Yandi, and may also refer to a certain Yandi. Of course, it may refer to the Shennong clan, but the biggest possibility is Yu Zhi.
According to the habit of the ancients, Shennong's clan was said with "hong"; Then the application of Hongzi can no longer be used by others. Obviously, the Dihong Clan is at least the emperor of the Yandi sequence.
Is it a general term for the entire Yandi series? It can't be either. Because Dihong was born to Dijun, the Dihong clan could only be one person.
There are eight generations after the Shennong clan called emperors, that is, the Yandi regime should have at least nine "emperors".
"Three Emperors Benji", "Shennong Nabenshui clan's daughter is known as a concubine." For concubines. Sheng Di Kui, Kuisheng Dicheng, Chengsheng Di Ming, Ming Sheng Di Zhi, Zhisheng Di Yi, Yisheng Di Mourning, Moi Sheng Di Ke, Kesheng Di Yu. Eight generations, five hundred and thirty years. And Xuanyuan is prosperous". There is also the "Three Emperors" also said: "After the Yan Emperor, eight generations, more than five hundred years, the Xuanyuan clan replaced him." ”
According to some records, after Yu Yi's death, he was not overthrown by the Yellow Emperor until his grandson reigned. The above is a descendant of the Yan Emperor continued by the "Benshui Clan", as well as a descendant recorded in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas":
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Eighteenth Classic of the Sea contains: "The wife of the Yan Emperor, the son of Chishui, listened to Yanju. Yanjusheng festival merges, festivals and gives birth to drama instruments, drama instruments give birth to Zhurong, Zhurong descends in the river, and lives and works together. The co-working technique, the first side of the technique, is the compound soil, to the river water. Gonggong gives birth to the soil, and the latter is born to choke, and the choking is born in two out of ten. The flood was monstrous, and the emperor did not wait for the emperor's order. Emperor Ling Zhurong killed Yujiao. Cangfusheng Yu, Emperor Nai ordered Yu to lay the soil to determine Kyushu."
Obviously, the Yandi Shennong clan is by no means the above two ladies, and his son is definitely not listed above. But when it comes to their descendants, it is impossible to discuss them one by one. When it came to Yao Shun, the extended title of the descendants of Emperor Yan would definitely and could only be the title of the last emperor. Of course, they are also descendants of the Shennong clan. However, because of the reputation of the Shennong clan, its "untalented son" could not be named the name of the Shennong clan, but could only be named the name of the Yandi in the future life. So this unpleasant name can only be crowned on the name of the last "emperor" who lost power.
"The former emperor Hong clan has no talent", was sent by Shun to a remote place. The ancestor of this tribe can only be the last "emperor" who lost the power of the Yan Emperor, that is, the eighth grandson of the Yan Emperor - Yu Yi.
Therefore, Di Jun and Di Hong are both people in the Yandi sequence, probably the seventh and eighth grandchildren of the Shennong clan.
In the existing historical texts, there is no family sequence in which Dijun and Dihong are found. It seems that the names of these two fathers and sons who are called emperors are not "Jun" and "Hong", perhaps their numbers, characters, titles, etc.
In addition, the "four murderous races" in the "History" quoted above should be:
The Dihong clan has an untalented son and is a descendant of the Yandi Yu clan.
The Shaohao clan has an untalented son and is a descendant of the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor.
The Zhuan clan has an untalented son who is a descendant of the grandson of the Yellow Emperor.
The Jinyun clan has a talented son and is a descendant of a famous minister of the Yellow Emperor.
Description: The Yellow Emperor uses various "clouds" as official names and mascots, Jinyun is a summer, non-red and non-purple cloud, which is the official name of the Yellow Emperor to drive away diseases and evil spirits. There is Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing, and it is said that it is the place where the descendants of the Jinyun clan lived. If only the word "Jin" is understood, in ancient times, bureaucrats or people who had served as officials were called 缙绅, also known as "漢绅".