#头条创作挑战赛 #
The three autonomous prefectures of Gan'a Liang in Sichuan, Liangshan Prefecture, are completely different from Kardze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture, and are still mysterious to most people. For self-driving tour enthusiasts, it is more to go to the other two states than to Liangshan State. The scenery of Liangshan should be said to be no less than that of Ganzi and Aba, with a series of breathtaking and beautiful magnificent natural landscapes, showing the uniqueness of China's scenery in the weather.
The secret place of the Hengduan Mountain Range - Daliang Mountain
The deep canyons cut by the Jinsha, Yalong and Meigu rivers not only shape the beautiful landscape, but also make the Yi culture here colorful. However, since ancient times, Daliangshan has been known as a place of alienation, and even now it is rarely covered by conventional tourist routes. So why is Daliangshan, with its magnificent scenery and unique culture, always forgotten?
Daliangshan Yi Torch Festival
Daliangshan Yi Torch Festival
Geographical marginal areas
Daliangshan is a mountain range in western China, in the southwest Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, is a branch of Daxue Mountain, between 2000-3500 meters above sea level, the forest coverage rate of Daliangshan area is about 50%, suitable for forest and pasture, and the Anning River Valley on the west side is the second largest plain in Sichuan Province. It is bounded by Huangmaoqi, called Daliangshan to the west and Xiaoliangshan to the east.
Enter the Daliangshan self-driving route map
The landforms in Liangshan are complex and diverse, with jagged mountains and canyons, and obvious vertical differences, here, you can encounter the wonderful scene of "one mountain divided into four seasons, ten miles of different days".
In Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, there is a landscape called "Edge of the Earth" that is on fire! Since appearing on the cover of China National Geographic magazine in 2018, it has become popular in the circle of self-driving tours and outdoor enthusiasts.
It is the Longtou Mountain Great Cliff located at the junction of Leibo, Meigu and Zhaojue counties in Liangshan Prefecture.
Its near cliff is 90 degrees and the drop is as high as 1,000 meters, almost perpendicular to the ground, with green grass on one side and a sea of clouds churning on the other.
Because in the entire Liangshan area, it is located in the Hengduan Mountain System (northeast edge) in the southwest of Sichuan, and the landform is full of such river valleys and deep cuts, and the large cliffs on both sides stand on the cliffs, and the cliff tops are flat and open, so it is called the "edge of the earth" area.
In Daliangshan, you will easily understand what it is to climb over the mountains and what it is to walk through the clouds. Cars can drive to the sky, and people can shuttle through the sea of clouds.
It is precisely because of this unique geographical and geomorphological feature that the Liangshan area has been in a state of independence since ancient times, and has also formed a relatively closed and unique Yi culture. Liangshan Prefecture has become a relatively culturally isolated and economically backward region when the "time and place are right" (or some people).
In May, the Soma flowers of Zhaojue Guke De in Daliangshan will bloom as promised, and they will be extremely gorgeous
The secret place of scientific explorers
Liangshan Yi District is undoubtedly one of the most closed and mysterious areas, whether it is the strong central dynasty of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, or the Republic of China of modern civilization and political enlightenment, have failed to achieve effective governance of this area, there are few historical records, so that the map of China during the Republic of China, this area is still blank, marked "Liangshan Qiao Independent Zone", the distribution of roads, mountains, rivers and lakes in the meantime is unknown to the outside world, becoming a secret place for a few scientific explorers.
In 1907, the Frenchman Vicomte D'ollone led an expedition from afar, starting from Xichang, to Zhaojue, the mysterious "heart of the Yi people", and successfully crossed the "forbidden land of the Yi people" - Zhaojue, Meigu, Leibo, and crossed the Jinsha River to Yibin City. After returning to China, Duolong wrote "Trip to the Yizang Forbidden Area", in which he described Liangshan as a mysterious but attractive "rich mine" to the outside world.
In August 1941, Mr. Zeng Zhaoxuan of Southwest United University led several third-year and fourth-year students of the United Nations University to form the "Chuankang Scientific Expedition", which traveled east from Xichang through the Yi region of Daliangshan, and arrived in Leibo County in two weeks through today's Zhaojue and Meigu counties. In the context of the Anti-Japanese War, outside the academic and cultural circles, ordinary people are full of curiosity about the Great Southwest. The uniqueness of the southwest region is manifested both in physical geography and in human history. The most intuitive and attractive is her natural scenery, the mountains are high and the water is deep, and the combination of "danger" and "beauty" is very poetic, making people can't help but marvel at the magic of creation. Until Zhaojue became the capital of Liangshan Prefecture in 1952, it was a place of posthumous autonomy in southwestern Sichuan.
The land outside the Republic of China from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China
The Yi are a people who attach great importance to blood and the concept of clan. The Liangshan Nosu people will form a family group centered on paternal lines and blood ties, called family branches. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Liangshan family branch could be divided into the black Yi family branch representing the nobility and the white Yi family branch representing the commoners. Black Yi and some wealthy white Yi can even have "babies" (i.e. slaves).
Although the black Yi is higher than the baby in class, the black Yi of Daliangshan is more like the samurai class in ancient times, and the samurai do not produce, but they have the obligation to protect the subordinate peasant (baby) class that is attached to them. When there are distinguished guests, they will beat (not kill, but directly kill live animals) cattle, pigs, and chickens, and when they have dinners, Hei Yi will invite all his babies to share the food together, which is quite an atmosphere of kings and courtiers.
The Black Yi family branch before liberation
In other ethnic areas of China, and even in other Yi ethnic areas, the Ming and Qing dynasties began to control the tusi and carry out land reform, and the middle of the Qing Dynasty was basically completed. However, in Daliangshan, until the Republic of China period, it was still the separate political state of the black Yi family branch where slavery existed. Its degree of closure and uncivilized is even greater than that of the border ethnic areas in the southwest and northwest.
Perhaps because it was not located on a major transportation route and did not involve the safety of Tibet-Yunnan and other frontiers, although the Qing government had used force against the Jiarong Tibetan and Qiang ethnic groups of the western Sichuan and Jinchuan toasts, it was an attitude of letting go of the Yi ethnic group in Daliangshan and was unwilling to spend financial resources and manpower to change the land and return them to the river.
However, in the late Qing and eighth years of the Republic of China, with the collapse of Qing rule, and the scuffle between Sichuan warlords in the early Min. With the weakness of the garrisons in various strongholds, and the Hei Yi family, which was the king of Daliangshan, planted opium in large quantities and exchanged guns.
A large number of guns were sold by the Hei Yi family with tobacco soil and bought. The exchange of tobacco for guns made the black Yi of Daliangshan no longer afraid of the garrisoned army. In the eighth year of the Republic of China, after the black Yi clan branch in the hinterland of Daliangshan secretly united, they attacked and occupied the county seat of Zhaojue, and from Ebian, Mabian and Lei Bo, etc., in the Yi-Han border area of Daliangshan, they killed Han people, robbed Han people and sold them as children, making Daliangshan completely become a place outside the central government. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the People's Liberation Army and its task force were stationed in Daliangshan to eliminate slavery, and they encountered great resistance.
During the Republican period, the Yi people (Yi people) were rampant, setting fire to people and looting goods
The hope of the tourism industry in Daliangshan
In fact, for quite a long time after liberation, Daliangshan remained on the verge of the modernization plan. From now on, Liangshan Prefecture has clearly planned tourism as the first industry in the state, and the development of eco-tourism industry is Liangshan's hope. Now I walk together into the magnificent landscape of the "Edge of the Earth".
Daliangshan and the surrounding tourism resources develop in tandem
Cliff Village - Guli Grand Canyon Scenic Area
The length of Daliangshan is more than 200 kilometers, the width is nearly 100 kilometers, the average altitude is 2000-3500 meters, and the individual peaks are more than 4000 meters, which is the main body of the landform of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and the area where the Yi ethnic group is concentrated, in Meigu County and Zhaojue County in order to preserve the plateau of the mountain landform, at a glance, the surface slowly undulating, the top of the mountain plain is round and flat.
Yamabara Group
The Xixi River and the Meigu River, tributaries of the Jinsha River, were strongly cut on the Daliangshan Plateau due to tectonic faults and mountain range trend, and due to the strong cutting and erosion force formed by the short distance drop, these rivers formed a series of rock-shoulder canyon groups before flowing into the Jinsha River.
The strong elevation difference of Daliangshan often causes sudden changes in geomorphology, forming a series of deep canyon groups, creating a closed traffic environment in Daliangshan and "cliff villages" adapted to this natural environment.
▲The Yi family "cliff village" after poverty alleviation
On the cliffs of the Meigu River Rift Valley Group are many Yi villages in Zhaojue, Meigu and Leibo counties, which are built along the ridge terraces and steep cliffs, forming a peculiar cultural landscape - cliff village.
Aturer village "cliff" on a long inclined step at an altitude of 1600 meters on the mountainside, about 800 meters long and less than 200 meters wide, with more than 70 families, almost vertically descending to the bottom of the Meigu River valley at an altitude of 800 meters, vertically rising to the top platform at an altitude of 2600 meters, a rattan ladder, climbing children and villagers on the way to school, after the Beijing News reporter's report, this little-known Yi "cliff village" quickly became famous throughout the country.
Before the steel ladder was built, the villagers went up the old road of the cliff village
In 2016, the government invested funds to build a "steel pipe ladder" in the "cliff village"
Cliff village houses built on a 45-degree hillside
Vertical up from the cliff village, there is an 800-meter-long walled forest road that leads to the summit of Jirmodaping. With the government's poverty alleviation program and tourism development, the road from Zhaojue County to Jirmodaping has been repaired. Jirk Mo Daping is surrounded by cumulonimbus clouds all year round, and you can watch a very spectacular sea of clouds here. There are also moist wetlands, Yi ethnic villages, and well-preserved natural pastures.
Cliff Luxury Hotel
Hiking Adventure Route: Big Platform - Uqulo - Cliff Village
▵ Outdoor hiking trail 1
▵ Photos of the cave site
Hiking Adventure Route: Big Platform - Cliff Village
▵ Pass by humanoid face boulder scene photo
Leibo Longtou Mountain Great Cliff
Huangmaoqi, a well-known place name in Daliangshan, it is located at the junction of Meigu, Leibo and Mabian counties, is a narrow mountain range, the main vein of Liangshan, the Liangshan split into two, the northeast is Xiaoliangshan, to the southwest is Daliangshan, is to enter the "western gateway of Daliangshan", for many travelers, to Huangmao, as if it has really been to Liangshan. Geological expert Yang Yong believes that Huangmaocheng and Longtou Mountain are the geographical indications of Liangshan.
Huangmaocheng is located at the core of the "Tibetan Yi Corridor" and has a special geographical significance. Its main peak, Longtou Mountain, the situation leader, stands majestically above the mountains, and the sunrise, sea of clouds, glow, and grassland are unique landscapes of Huangmaowei.
Longtou Mountain is located at the junction of Meigu and Leibo counties, located in Dalejiagu Village, Liuhong Township, Meigu County and Aheharo Village, Lami Township, Leibo County, is the main peak at the southeast end of the Huangmaogi ridge, with an altitude of 3724 meters, and the mountain is shaped like a ship standing on the top of the peaks.
Top of the cliff of Yongdu Mountain
Pug "Cloud Ranch" Haikou Ranch
Haikou Pasture enjoys the reputation of "the most beautiful azalea sea", Haikou Pasture is located in the southern section of Luoban Mountain, Puge County, Liangshan Prefecture, Yi language called "Rishi Boken", meaning meadow with water, because the 21 gorge of the Great Trough River separates it from the main scenic area of Luoyan Mountain, so it is called "Haikou".
The entire line of Haikou Pasture in Puge County was opened to traffic
Haikou Pasture is surrounded by mountains, forming a natural basin. There is an alpine lake in the southwest of the basin, running east-west, high in the east and low in the west, about 1000 meters long from east to west and about 350 meters wide from north to south, shaped like a string moon, embedded on the Haikou Plateau.
Haikou Pasture in Puge County
Around the lake, the water source is abundant, the grass is luxuriant, forming an undulating and wide pasture, which can graze an area of more than 67,000 mu. Inside the pasture, yaks and sheep flock in groups, reflecting the lake and mountains.
Haikou Pasture in Puge County
The most beautiful time of spring is in April and May. At that time, the azaleas will bloom and become overwhelming, covering the slopes of large and small mountains and open valleys. Some are densely packed into forests, some are in groups of three or two, and some are solitary, which amazes the entire pasture.
Haikou Pasture in Puge County
Pughidu Disa
Flowing water along the earth's depression, penetrating, eroding and dissolving into sinkholes, like the surface of the moon, dense holes give people the illusion of reaching an alien planet, here is the birthplace of the Yi Torch Festival - Ridu Disa.
Embark on this ancient and magical land and come to the natural caves of Zhidu Disa, which is full of mystery, magic and aspirations. Several caves, hundreds of lava funnel sinkholes, nearly 100,000 acres of wetland pastures and primeval forests, the magic of nature is vividly displayed in Zhidu Disa.
The development stage of the karst landform here belongs to the prototype of the sinkhole, and funnel-shaped depressions appear irregularly on the endless grassland, they range in diameter from several meters to tens of meters, and there are nearly hundreds of large and small karst funnels.
Pugh Luo Bun Ninety-nine Mile Hot Spring Waterfall
Hot springs are often available, natural waterfalls are rare, but the Luojiuli Jiujiuli Hot Spring Waterfall, located in the core scenic area of Luoban Mountain, has both, integrating hot springs and waterfalls, which is a magical creation of nature.
Luobun Ninety-nine Mile is the world's largest hot spring waterfall, the world's only hot spring archipelago, the world's only hanging hot spring, and has been rated as "China's most beautiful hot spring tourist scenic spot" by China's national tourism and other institutions.
All in all
From a narrow geographical concept, Daliang Mountain is a huge mountain range in western China, with magnificent scenery, which can be called "the edge of the earth" and "incredible wonderland on earth"; From a broad point of view, it is a conventional regional name in people's mouths, referring to a larger geographical range than mountains, which is not only a necessary place for the ancient "Southern Silk Road" and "Tea Horse Road", but also an important part of the "Tibet-Yi Corridor" proposed by Mr. Fei Xiaotong. Here is the mysterious place hidden in the mountains and valleys - Daliang Mountain.
Overview of the Liangshan section of the "Tea Horse Road" and the distribution of cultural heritage sites
China's National Geographic says this is "the edge of the earth," and seeing this statement feels like an exaggeration. Walking through, I feel very appropriate. Ryo Takeuchi, filmmaker of the documentary "Approaching Daliangshan", said that this is a place of vitality, growing tenaciously every day, and it should not and will not be forgotten by the world.