With the continuous development of display technology in recent years, a series of terms such as Mini-LED, QD-MINI LED, OLED, QLED and Micro LED have emerged in our lives, and these display technologies make everyone feast their eyes and dazzle at the same time. Especially when buying a TV, it is completely unclear about the differences between each display technology, and the price of TV types equipped with different display technologies is also very different, after watching I believe you will have a comprehensive understanding of these technologies, will not be confused. Next, take TV as an example to explain the difference between these technologies
China's television development is just a few decades, from the very beginning of CRT picture tube TV is what we often call big ass TV, to plasma TV, and now to our commonly used LCD TV and OLED TV, before we first talk about LCD TV:
LCD LCD TV: ITS DISPLAY IS COMPOSED OF LIQUID CRYSTALS, WHICH CANNOT EMIT LIGHT ITSELF, AND CAN ONLY RELY ON BACKLIGHT TO EMIT LIGHT; The liquid crystal panel is a liquid crystal placed in two parallel glasses, and there are many vertical and horizontal fine wires between the two glasses, and the rod-shaped crystal molecules are controlled to change direction by whether they are energized or not, and the light emitted by the backlight is refracted to produce a picture
Advantages: Because the LCD screen is made of inorganic materials, the life is usually longer, there will be no screen burning, fading problems, and in the low brightness state will not produce strobe, with better eye protection effect. In addition, because LCD screens have been developed for decades, various technologies are relatively mature, so the cost is also very low.
Disadvantages: LCD screen in the open liquid crystal layer is always in the excited state, can not be completely closed, resulting in the display of black will still have part of the light through the color layer presented on the screen, that is, commonly known as "LCD screen can not display pure black", in addition: LCD screen picture display effect is not good enough, color saturation and contrast are not in place
LCD liquid crystal imaging principle
Mini LED TV:
Mini LED TV is from the original LCD TV upgrade development, to be precise, Mini LED is a backlight technology rather than panel technology, compared to the traditional LCD TV backlight is a whole screen together light and dark, MIniL-LED TV is upgraded in the backlight technology, the backlight is a large number of tiny LED lamp beads composed of backlight, through the control of the Mini LED chip, each partition of the LED lamp beads for independent control, After the backlight partition is increased, the dynamic backlight technology adopts different brightness displays, so that a picture is darkened in the dark place, and the bright place is lit up, thereby improving the contrast between light and dark of the picture and greatly improving the level of picture quality. At present, the high-end and even flagship LCD TVs on the market use Mini LED technology as a backlight, which greatly improves the picture quality of the TV, which can match OLED, and the highest share on the market is Mili-LED TV
Advantages: Mini LED backlight technology by adjusting the brightness of the dark backlight area to obtain "blacker black", with better peak brightness performance can greatly improve the picture contrast, enhance the details of light and dark, achieve multi-zone precise light control on the back, optical algorithm compensation technology, Mini LED on Glass TFT drive technology, etc., can achieve higher contrast, higher brightness and ultra-high color gamut
Disadvantages: In order to achieve high backlight partition, manufacturers will increase more LED lamp beads, will achieve one or two thousand partitions, the cost is really huge, low-end product quality control is insufficient, there will be a "halo" phenomenon
Mini LED principle
Mini LED backlight multi-partition imaging principle
QLED TV:
QLED (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes, quantum dot light-emitting diodes), QLED in Q refers to quantum dot technology, quantum dot is an inorganic nanocrystalline material, it has unique photoelectric properties, in the stimulation of electricity or light, will be according to the size of quantum dots, emit a variety of different colors of very pure high-quality monochromatic light, only need a material to achieve the full spectrum, is currently the most excellent luminescent material found by human beings, It can restore all the colors that the human eye can see;
In principle, the quantum dot optical material quantum dot film, put between the backlight and the LCD panel, the backlight of QLED TV is the blue light emitted by the LED, the quantum dot film will excite red light and green light, and at the same time produce the white backlight required by the LCD screen, such a principle to obtain pure color light, greatly improve the color gamut, brightness, contrast and other display effects of the TV, bringing about an improvement in picture quality;
Advantages: The backlit substrate is still composed of lamp beads and has a long service life. QLED quantum dot film brings better color accuracy and color capacity, so that the color gamut value of the screen can easily reach more than 110%.
Disadvantages: Although the quantum dot film is used, it does not break through the hardware limitations of LCD LCD TV, and it belongs to the short man to find a tall. It is better than ordinary LCD TVs in terms of picture quality, but it is still slightly inferior to OLED
QLED principle
QD-Mini LED TV:
After talking about QLED and Mini LED, then the combination of QLED + Mini LED is QD-Mini LED, QD Mini-LED TV not only maintains the advantages of high brightness, high contrast and precise light control of Mini LED, but also adds the advantages of QLED high color gamut, from the technical maturity, cost, display effect and popularity, is the real next generation of mainstream large-screen display technology.
At present, head display companies are also doing this, Samsung, TCL and other manufacturers in high-end products are generally Mini LED and QLED at the same time, publicity is also the main QD-Mini LED. At present, the main promotion of QD-Mini LED technology is Samsung and TCL, because these two are the few manufacturers in the world that can independently produce screens, and TCL is the only TV company in China that can achieve the integration of R&D, production and sales. As early as 2016, TCL took the lead in the layout of the whole industry chain, and there are many layouts in the core technology of QD-Mini LED, TCL is the earliest research and development (2018), the earliest mass production (2019 QD-Mini LED 8K product X10), with the most complete product camp and the strongest supply chain (TCL Huaxing) brand, it can be said that the industry technology leadership of QD-Mini LED has been truly realized
Advantages: The peak brightness of QD-Mini LED TV can reach more than 1000nit, and some can even reach 2000nit, which can basically crush the OLED screen. Contrast, color gamut coverage, and light control are also excellent
Disadvantages: Because it is an emerging technology, the price of the product is relatively high, and the quality is basically more than 10,000 yuan
OLED TV:
OLED TV screen through organic matter energized self-luminescence, so no need for backlight, this is the most obvious difference between OLED TV and LCD LCD TV, no backlight module, so OLED TV will be thinner, thin as a piece of paper OLED, can do dot matrix control light, directly hit the color filter plate imaging, can display more pure black, is currently recognized picture quality collection, self-luminous light source design makes the screen in the picture quality advantage occupied, in contrast, Color saturation and other aspects are all well-class
Advantages: Each pixel can be approximately seen as an independent lamp bead, so the contrast ratio of the OLED screen is almost infinitely high. Each pixel can work individually, so it can present the most extreme black, but the power saving effect is also better
Disadvantages: There are two main disadvantages: it cannot be lit up and its life is low.
First of all, the peak brightness of the OLED screen itself is relatively low (Mini LED brightness can be thousands of nits), and there is an algorithm that automatically limits the brightness. When the area of the highlight scene accounts for more than 25% of the entire screen area, the screen brightness will automatically decrease, which will greatly affect the look and feel. The life of the OLED screen is about 30,000 hours, beyond which it is easy to burn the screen. In addition, an OLED screen of the same size is much higher than the LCD screen, so the price is more expensive
OLED principle
Micro LED：
Micro LED is known as the ultimate display technology, is the red, green and blue three primary colors of the LED structure design for film, miniaturization, array, its size is only about 1 ~ 10 micron level, and then micron level LED batch transfer to the circuit substrate, and then install circuits and transistors under each micron LED, several lights can form a Micro LED screen. Since Micro LEDs use separate micron-level LEDs that are self-emitting, they are outstanding in color expression
Advantages: MicroLED design uses all the advantages of OLED: self-luminous technology, perfect black and excellent color, while abandoning organic compounds, achieving a smaller light-emitting element size than miniLED, due to simple structure, smaller energy consumption, with higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, power consumption can be as low as 10% of LCD, 50% of OLED, while greatly reducing unit electricity consumption while allowing higher energy for direct luminescence, The maximum brightness can be close to 2000 nits. To be precise, almost all the advantages of OLED and LCD are taken into account high brightness, high color gamut, high contrast, and can achieve long life, power saving, and flexible screen
Disadvantages: The cost of manufacturing a large number of micron-level LEDs is also relatively expensive, taking a 2K resolution Micro LED screen as an example, it requires 11.05 million micron LEDs to achieve, in the current manufacturing difficulty, it determines the cost and price of Micro LED is definitely not cheap, to Samsung's "giant wall" MicroLED 110-inch TV as an example, the price is as high as 1.05 million yuan
In addition: yield rate, quality inspection rate (all these tiny LEDs need to be calibrated to provide the same brightness and the same color control) is a big problem, and the other is that mass transplantation (micron LEDs produced on silicon wafers are transplanted to the substrate of the screen, requiring highly accurate fine operation and transfer rate) is also a big problem;
So at present, although this display technology is called "revolutionary", it is mainly the most used by large screens, including outdoor large screens, giant flat-screen TVs, and some subdivided small screens, and reports point out that by 2026, MicroLED will gradually become mainstream and become a popular product in the market. Reducing costs and improving yield are the keys to consumer MicroLED displays like us.
Samsung "Giant Wall" Micro LED TV
Summary:
Overall, QD-Mini LED is the first camp of display technology in the next few years, although OLED self-luminous screen technology is relatively mature, but in recent years with the maturity of backlight technology and control chips, Mini LED long life, no attenuation, no screen burning advantages will be highlighted, so the comprehensive performance is better than OLED, and Micro LED is the next 10 or even 20 years of display screen development trend, will also be the final laugh to the last display technology
After reading it, I don't know what insights you have on these display technologies, welcome to communicate in the comment area
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