#头条创作挑战赛 #
This includes floods, droughts, winds, hailstorms, locusts, earthquakes, and other disasters.
According to statistics from 1912 to 1937 alone, there were as many as 77 major disasters, including 24 floods, 14 droughts, 10 earthquakes, 9 locust plagues, 6 wind disasters, 6 epidemics, 4 hailstorms, 2 hunger apologies, and 2 frost and snow disasters.
During the Beiyang government period, there were years when disasters were more serious
(1) In 1913, the Yongding River broke and the province suffered a serious disaster. Jianghuai flooded. There was a severe drought in Gan, Yu and Anhui provinces. In the December earthquake in Yunnan Province, the city of Mao'e (present-day Asan Yi Autonomous Region) was completely destroyed, killing 2,000 people. The area affected by the disaster nationwide has reached more than 650 million mu.
(2) In 1918, there were no less than 610 million mu of water, earthquake, and other disaster-stricken areas.
(3) In 1920, there was a severe drought in 317 counties in five provinces in northern China, killing 500,000 people. In December, the earthquakes in Ningxia and Gansu killed no less than 200,000 people, and more than 70,000 died in Haiyuan alone.
(4) In 1924, floods in 12 provinces, including Fujian and Guangdong, killed more than 10,000 people and caused property losses of 125 million yuan.
(5) In March 1925, the Yunnan earthquake completely destroyed the city of Dali, killing more than 3,000 people in Dali, Fengyi and Binchuan counties. In the summer of that year, the insect plague in six provinces, including Hebei, Guangdong and Guizhou, caused a loss of about 13 million yuan. Sichuan Province suffered from hunger and epidemics, killing 200,000 people. In September, the Huanghua Temple in Shandong Province burst the mouth of the Yellow River, flooding 2,000 square miles, causing 2 million victims and losses of tens of millions of yuan.
(6) In 1926, the three eastern provinces experienced great drought and Lu Province floods, both unprecedented in 20 years; The floods in Anhui Province were unprecedented in 60 years, washing away 100,000 mu of farmland, eating up the bark of grass roots and trees, and feeding them with Guanyin soil.
In the early years of the Nanjing National Government, the following years were more seriously affected: (1) In 1928, water, drought, locusts, and hailstorms affected 1,093 counties in 21 provinces, with 100 million victims. Among them, the drought in the eight provinces of Hebei, Lu, Yu, Jin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Cha, and Suizhou has been severe in decades. Zhejiang is the heaviest locust plague in the Yangtze River Basin, and the loss of Luchai alone amounted to 100 million yuan.
(2) In 1930, floods, droughts, insects, hailstorms, and other disasters spread to more than 800 counties, with 50 million victims.
(3) In 1931, the Jianghuai River Basin flooded 18 provinces and affected 100 million people. You Lie in Xiang, Hubei, Gan, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces drowned about 150,000 people and lost 2 billion yuan in property.
(4) In 1933, there were floods in 15 provinces in North and South China, drought in 10 provinces including Shaanxi and Guangdong, and locust plagues in nine provinces, including Yu and Anhui.
(5) In 1934, the drought in 16 provinces caused grain losses of 1.4 billion yuan. Floods in fourteen provinces. North and Central China are extremely infested with locusts.
(6) In 1935, floods and droughts merged, and floods in 241 counties in eight provinces flooded more than 50 million mu of land.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, about 700 million mu of land was destroyed by war disasters and abandoned land throughout the country, and floods, droughts, winds, insects, and earthquakes occurred frequently throughout the year; in August 1937, the Heze earthquake in Shandong Province killed 70,000 people. In June 1938, in order to stop the pursuit of the Japanese army, the embankment broke at Huayuankou, flooding more than 40 counties in the three provinces of Yu, Anhui, and Jiangsu, killing more than 10 million people. In 1939, the flood in Hebei Province was unprecedented in 80 years, causing 3 million people and 200 million yuan in losses. 1942 Drought and locust plague in Taihang and southern Hebei. In 1943, the great famine in Henan killed hundreds of thousands. In 1944, drought, floods, and insect plagues in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Qian provinces were particularly severe in northern Sichuan. According to statistics, in 1945 there were 19 million people affected by disasters in northeast China and in Hunan, Henan, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shanxi, Guangdong, Anhui, Guangxi, and other provinces.
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the civil war expanded in an all-round way, and natural disasters followed. In 1946, at least 6 million mu of cultivated land was flooded, and more than 30 million people were affected; in 1947, 98 million mu of farmland was affected by floods, droughts, locusts, and hailstorms in 16 provinces, including Shandong, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Guangdong. In 1948, Henan, Fujian, Guangdong, and other provinces also suffered major floods. In 1949, 121.56 million mu of farmland was affected, and about 40 million people were affected. The total annual grain output was only 226.36 billion jin.
In addition to the role of natural conditions, domestic political chaos, frequent civil wars, the government's failure to pay attention to the prevention and remedy of natural disasters, and the peasants' deep exploitation and loss of their ability to withstand disasters were important factors.