How many massacres were launched after the Manchus entered the customs, reducing the population of more than 200 million in the late Ming Dynasty to about 20 million during the Shunzhi period. Turn China into a state where "counties have no end to villages, villages to no families, no perfect families, and no people to complete women".
Ganan Massacre: In May of the seventeenth year of the Chongzhen reign of the Northern Ming Dynasty (1644), the Dashun army withdrew westward. Manchu Qing troops occupied southern Gi and forced Han Chinese to shave their hair and change clothes. Local Han residents rose up against Manchu rule. The Manchu court sent troops to suppress and massacre the rebels and residents, even the old and young. About 5,000 people died.
Tongguan Massacre: On the twelfth day of the first month of the first year of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645), Li Zicheng returned from Tongguan to help Xi'an. Ma Shiyao, the Dashun "Wushan Bo" who remained in Tongguan, surrendered to the Manchu army, but the secret letter was obtained by the Manchus. The next day, Dordor falsely claimed to hold a banquet to disarm the officers and men of the horse department, and all unarmed prisoners of war were slaughtered. About 7,000 people died.
Yangzhou Massacre: The first year of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645) is the "Ten Days of Yangzhou". The Manchu Qing army occupied Yangzhou, and the Ming Dynasty military department Shangshu Shi Kefa was martyred. Dodor slaughtered the city on the grounds that he did not listen to the surrender. The residents of Yangzhou, except for a few who escaped before the city was broken and a few survivors who hid deeply, were all slaughtered. More than 800,000 people died.
Jiaxing Massacre: The first year of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645) was the sixth day of leap June. In order to resist the atrocities of the Qing army, the people of Jiaxing rose up, and the Ming Hanlin bachelors Tu Xiangmei and Ming Bingke of the township gave Li Yuxin the new master, and Chen Wu, the commander-in-chief of Ming Jiaxing who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, was appointed as the general to command the volunteer division anyway, and the former official Langzhong Qian Yi helped pay. On the 26th, the city fell, and almost all the inhabitants who could not escape, except for a large number of young women who were taken captive by the Qing army and some monks who were spared, were slaughtered. The death toll is unknown, but based on the population at the time, it may be about hundreds of thousands.
Jiangyin Massacre: In the first year of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645), the people of Jiangyin rebelled against the Manchu Qing dynasty's policy of shaving and changing clothes, and rose up in the city to rebel. Chen Mingyu, chief bookkeeper Yan Yingyuan, Xiucai Xu Yong and others led the righteous people to resist the Manchu encirclement and suppression of the army for three months. After the city was destroyed, none of the soldiers and civilians in the city surrendered, and all were slaughtered, leaving only 53 old and young. About 172,000 people died.
Jiading Massacre: The first year of the Southern Ming Hongguang (1645) The first year of the Southern Ming Hongguang (1645) is the "Jiading Three Massacres". In leap June, the people of Jiangyin, under the leadership of the political envoys Hou Zhengzeng, Jin Shi Huang Chunyao, and others, rebelled against the Qing Dynasty. Li Chengdong led his troops to attack the city after defeating the rebels, and after the city was broken, they wantonly slaughtered the residents and plundered property. From Xiguan to Gelong Town, the river is full of floating corpses. Later Ming generals Zhu Ying and Wu Zhifan twice captured Jiading, both of which were reoccupied by Manchu Qing troops, and the inhabitants of the city were slaughtered. More than 200,000 people died.
Kunshan Massacre: In the first year of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645), the gentry of Kunshan County, under the initiative of Wang Yongzuo and others in the former Yunyang Fuyuan, rose up against the Qing Dynasty. Gu Yanwu, Guizhuang and other patriots actively participated in the righteous deeds. After the Qing army captured Kunshan, they wantonly slaughtered the city. More than 40,000 people died. Jinhua Massacre: In May of the second year of Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1646), Manchu Qing troops captured Dongfu County in Zhejiang, the Qiantang River defense line of the Southern Ming Dynasty fell, and Lu Jianguo abandoned Shaoxing and moved to sea. Prince Zhiren of Xingguo, Zhang Guowei, a university scholar and other righteous men were killed and martyred. The people of Jinhua fought in the city under the leadership of Zhu Dadian, a scholar of the Supervisor University, and vowed not to surrender. After the Manchu army captured Jinhua, they slaughtered the city on the pretext that the people were disobedient. More than 50,000 people died.
Jing County Massacre: The second year of Longwu in the Southern Ming Dynasty (1646) was a revolt of the people of southern Anhui against Manchu rule. After the rebels captured the southern Anhui counties, they were defeated by the Manchu army due to insufficient troops. The Manchu Qing army carried out crazy retaliatory massacres in southern Anhui, especially in Jing County. More than 50,000 people died.
Ganzhou Massacre: In March of the second year of Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1646), Manchu Qing troops moved south from Nanchang and defeated the Ming army along the road. The defensive force of Ganzhou was composed of reinforcements from all over the country, lacked the ability to coordinate operations, and soon fell. After the Manchu Qing army captured Ganzhou, Wan Yuanji, the governor of Jiangxi, Yang Tinglin, a scholar of Wuyingdian University, and 6,000 defenders of the city were martyred, and the Manchu army slaughtered the city. More than 200,000 people died.
Sichuan Massacre: In November of the second year of Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1646), Zhang Xianzhong was killed in battle, and the Manchus began to invade Sichuan. In the same year, the Manchu government posted a proclamation: "People and thieves are mixed, and jade is difficult to distinguish." or slaughter the whole city, or slaughter men and keep women." Faced with the stubborn and unyielding resistance of the Sichuan people, the Manchus occupied Sichuan for nearly 20 years. After the Qing general Zhang Desheng attacked Chengdu in 1647 and killed him, the Qing army that attacked Sichuan successively included Gao Minzhan, Wu Sangui, Li Hualong and other troops. In 1660, Chengdu fell; In 1663, Chongqing fell; In 1665, the Southern Ming Dynasty lost the Battle of Xiachuandong and the whole of Shu fell. After the anti-Qing activities in Sichuan were brutally suppressed, the Qing army took the method of complete massacre as retaliation, to the point that "Miwangganli is absolutely uninhabited". Later, the Qing court had to move the population of Huguang to Sichuan (the famous Huguang to fill Sichuan). About 5,400,000 people died.
Pinghai Massacre: After the martyrdom of Emperor Shaozong of the Southern Ming Dynasty in the first year of the Yongli Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1647), the righteous teachers who obeyed the Lujian State remained quite active in Fujian and Zhejiang. In July of that year, Nanming and Anbo Yang Geng led troops to recapture Pinghaiwei. After the Manchu reinforcements arrived, Yang Geng's soldiers were forced to retreat, and the people of Pinghaiwei were brutally slaughtered. The death toll is unknown.
Shaowu Massacre: In the second year of the Yongli of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1648), after Jiangxi Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren returned to the Ming anyway, the Fujian Yimin raised troops in response. After the rebels captured the city of Shaowu County, they were defeated by the Manchu Qing army, and the gentry who rose up in response in the city were slaughtered.
Tong'an Massacre: After Li Chengdong rebelled in the second year of the Yongli Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1648), the southern Fujian region was restored to the Ming Dynasty, but most of the Min generals were rejected. In July of that year, the Manchu army attacked Tong'an, and Zheng Chenggong's reinforcements were blocked due to unfavorable wind direction. After the destruction of Tong'an City, all the soldiers defending the city were killed, and the Manchu Qing army slaughtered the city, and blood flowed in the ditch. More than 50,000 people died.
Nanchang Massacre: In the third year of the Yongli Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1649), after Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren rebelled, they failed to attack Ganzhou and returned to Nanchang, but were besieged by the Manchu Qing army for a long time, and the city was cold, and the fleeing people were indiscriminately slaughtered by the Manchu army. After the city was destroyed, Jin Shenghuan, Wang Deren, and the defenders of the city were martyred, and the Manchu Qing army slaughtered the people in the city. More than 200,000 people died.
Fenzhou Massacre: After the fall of Datong in the third year of the Yongli Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1649), the Manchus sent troops to carry out a sweep of the southern Jinnan region and carried out massacres everywhere. Jiang Jianxun, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, and He Shouzhong, the superintendent of the military Dao, were martyred. More than 400,000 people died.
Guangzhou Massacre: In the fourth year of the Yongli Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1650), the Manchus mobilized troops from northern Guangdong and prepared for several months to attack Guangzhou. The Guangzhou city wall was bombarded with artillery fire, and more than 6,000 soldiers defending the city fought with the Manchu Qing army, all of whom were killed and martyred. After the Manchu Qing army occupied Guangzhou, they frantically carried out massacres for more than ten days. More than 600,000 people died.
Chaozhou Massacre: The seventh year of the Yongli Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1653) was the Manchu Qing "Chaozhou Commander-in-Chief" Hao Shangjiu returned to the Ming anyway in response to Li Dingguo's army. After Li Dingguo's troops were defeated and retreated west, Hao Shangjiu was weak. After besieging Chaozhou for more than a month, the Manchu Qing army captured Fucheng, and Hao Shangjiu committed suicide and martyrdom. The Manchu army slaughtered the city and killed countless people. More than 100,000 people died.
After the Manchus entered the customs, policies such as the shaving order were implemented, so that the people everywhere refused to comply, and this people's fanatical anti-Qing and surrendering movement. So the Qing court carried out brutal suppression, and these terrorist massacres also made the people tie up pigtails one by one. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "The Manchus killed the backbone and shame of the Han people. "History will remember that.