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In recent years, quantum computers, quantum communications, quantum radar, etc. have been popular all over the network, but everything with a little technical is pulled up to quantum, and even some businesses push quantum dot TVs.
The famous physicist Feynman once said that no one in this world really understands quantum mechanics. Scientists are still like this, not to mention ordinary people, at most they joke about the phrase "indecisive, quantum mechanics". In short, I don't know what you're talking about, but it seems to be very powerful.
So what exactly is quantum computing? Only concepts are provided here, and there are no complicated processes in books. Most non-experts are confused about those things, so we will only take the core synopsis.
1. What is quantum?
Quantum is a physical quantity that is quantized if there is a smallest indivisible fundamental unit, and the smallest unit is called quantum.
Quantum is the hypothesis put forward by Planck to explain the experimental phenomenon of blackbody radiation: the radiant energy in blackbody radiation is discontinuous and can only take integer multiples of the basic unit of energy.
Planck's constant h=6.62607015×10^(-34) J·s
Planck's constant h is not observed experimentally, but a theoretical value calculated by Planck based on creative assumptions.
Like energy, other physical quantities such as angular momentum, spin, charge, etc. exhibit this discontinuous quantization. The phenomenon of quantization is mainly manifested in the microscopic physical world.
Quantum is a broad concept, not a specific particle. A quantum is not a particle, it is the smallest unit of measured energy. Quantum mechanics believes that matter (including space-time) is not continuous, but one by one, and even electromagnetic waves are one by one, that is, light quanta.
Keywords: smallest unit
2. Wave-particle duality
Single-electron double-slit interference experiment
I don't know if I can understand it this way: waves are phenomena, particles are essence
This interpretation should help to understand particle polymorphism.
Keywords: particle fluctuations
3. Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that studies the motion laws of microscopic particles in the material world, mainly studying the basic theory of atoms, molecules, condensed matter matter, as well as the structure and properties of atomic nuclei and elementary particles.
Keywords: microscopic particles
4. Quantum computing
Quantum computers rely on quantum mechanical phenomena that occur in nature—basically two important states of matter—called superposition and entanglement. When these states of matter are used for calculations, they are expected to improve the ability to perform calculations on complex data sets.
Quantum superposition: Refers to the superposition of a quantum system that can be in different quantum states. The famous "Schrödinger's cat" theory once graphically stated that "a cat can be both alive and dead at the same time".
Schrödinger's cat
Quantum entanglement: refers to the interaction between quantum particles. Even if the particles are far apart, they still interact and reference each other, not independently.
Quantum entanglement
Qubits may be -1 or 1, that is, properties that have both values, which is called superposition. Qubits with a superposition state greater than two energy levels are called quantum code, and it can exist in multiple states such as 0, 1, and 2.
The difference between classical bits and qubits
A quantum computer is a class of physical devices that follow the laws of quantum mechanics to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations, store and process quantum information. When a device processes and calculates quantum information and runs quantum algorithms, it is a quantum computer.
Keywords: polymorphism and parallelism
Quantum computers
The difference between quantum computers and ordinary computers: In a certain sense, quantum computers are also a Turing machine. But unlike traditional machines, its internal state is nondeterministic, and it can perform multiple operations at the same time that point to the next stage. If traditional computers are called deterministic turing machines (DTMs), quantum computers are indeterministic Turing machines (NDTMs). It will have much greater efficiency than a traditional computer. In terms, performing the same task requires much less complexity. The reason is obvious, quantum computers perform a kind of parallel computing, as we gave earlier, when a 10-bit message is processed, the quantum computer actually operates on 2^10 states!
——Cao Tianyuan, "Does God Roll the Dice: The Myth of Quantum Physics"
Summary: Quantum computer is a new type of computer that realizes polymorphism, parallel and high-speed computing with quantum superposition and entanglement characteristics.
Abstract summary based on personal understanding, for reference only.