"Look up to see the sun, but not Chang'an." - "The New Language of the World: The Twelfth Story of Su hui""
In 280 AD, under the rapid attack of Wang Maolou's ship and water division, the Sun Wu regime, which had been dividing Jiangdong for a hundred years, had to surrender, and since then, China, which has experienced nearly a hundred years of war and chaos since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been restored to reunification. However, the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty was only a short period of more than thirty years, and after the death of Sima Yan, the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty soon fell into the rebellion of the eight kings who were in the same room and cannibalism, and the national strength was greatly weakened.
Under these circumstances, the "Wuhu" tribes that migrated inward took the opportunity to rebel against the Western Jin Dynasty and establish their own political power. Under the attack of these "Five Hu" regimes, both the Western Jin Dynasty fell one after another, and the two emperors were successively captured and humiliated, so that the remaining Jin Dynasty clan had to flee the Central Plains in a hurry and cross the south to establish another, which is the famous "Five Hu Chaos" in Chinese history, also known as the Yongjia Rebellion.
So what is the root cause of the Wuhu Chaohua, and why do the ethnic minorities in the north move south on a large scale? What kind of conflict of interest is lurking behind the five nonsense?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > the Xiaoice period beginning at the end of the Western Han Dynasty led to the inward migration of nomadic peoples</h1>
In the historical process of China and even the whole world, climate factors often play a more important role, especially in the pre-industrial era when the agricultural economy is dominant and productivity and production technology are extremely underdeveloped, climate factors can often profoundly affect a country's productivity and thus affect the country's national fortunes.
For example, many people often blame the fall of the Ming Dynasty on the Xiaoice River Period at the end of the Ming Dynasty, believing that it was the cold of the late Ming Xiaoice Period that led to the outbreak of the Manchurian tribes' southward march and the peasant war at the end of the Ming Dynasty, thus eventually sending the Ming Empire to the grave.
Similar to the situation in the Ming Dynasty, from the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the world also entered a period of Xiaoice river. This period of Xiaoice river not only became one of the triggers for the westward migration of the Northern Xiongnu, but also caused the northern nomads to begin to move south on a large scale, and even moved into the interior. While the inward migration of the nomadic peoples in the north brought more labor population and military resources to the Central Plains Dynasty, it naturally buried the hidden danger of attracting wolves into the house, just like the Great Migration of Nationalities in the late Roman Empire.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" > the impact of the rise of the family</h1>
Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the powerful forces of the family have gradually risen and become an important force influencing and even influencing the political situation.
Since liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ascended to the throne with the support of Shijia Haoqiang, the strength of Shijia Haoqiang can be said to be implemented throughout the Eastern Han Dynasty and even the later Wei and Jin Dynasties, who not only had huge manors that "sheltered" thousands of agricultural populations in the economy, but also had great influence in the DYNASTY, so that "successive secretaries of state" and even some large powerful forces also had their own private armed forces.
The rise of the powerful power of the family greatly damaged the imperial autocracy and centralized power, and its manor economy also greatly reduced the tax source of the Eastern Han court, in order to collect enough taxes to maintain the imperial court finances, the Eastern Han Dynasty had to turn its attention to the nomadic tribes that migrated inward, hoping to obtain armed forces and taxes from them.
As a result, the proportion of Hu people in the armed forces of the Eastern Han Dynasty and later the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty increased day by day. For example, a considerable number of soldiers in the Western Liang Army of the late Han warlord Dong Zhuo were from nomadic origins, and Cao Cao also moved Wuhu Nei to the land of the west in order to control it nearby, and there were also a considerable number of Hu soldiers in cao Wei's army at that time.
In terms of agricultural production, the Central Plains Dynasty also began to incorporate the inward nomadic tribes into the household register, and levied taxes like the Han. At this time, the taxes borne by the peasants who should have been "sheltered" by the powerful manors of the family were transferred to the nomadic people who migrated inland.
Compared with the Han peasants in the Central Plains who have been tied to the land for a long time, the nomadic people are naturally advocating freedom. Once the Central Plains regime is over-extracted, it will inevitably stimulate the hatred of these internally displaced nomads against the Central Plains Dynasty and even the Han people, thus laying the foundation for the Wuhu Chaohua.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" > population declines sharply under the wars since the end of the Han Dynasty</h1>
Since the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Rebellion at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, under the long-term war and turmoil, not only has agricultural production been greatly damaged in the Central Plains, but also the population has been greatly reduced.
According to statistics, after the Yellow Turban Rebellion at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the subsequent warlord melee, there were only five million people left in the land of Yangyang Huaxia, which is more than half of the total population of Shanghai today. In Cao Cao's "Artemisia Lixing", "white bones are exposed in the wild, and there is no chicken chirping for thousands of miles." The people are left behind, and the thoughts of breaking people's intestines" are not exaggerations, but realism.
The sharp reduction in population, combined with the hidden population and land of the already existing powerful clans, made the Central Plains Dynasty, which was in urgent need of labor and military resources, more dependent on the internally migrating nomadic tribes. By the Western Jin Dynasty, the population of the nomadic tribes that migrated inward had multiplied to as many as eight million, close to the number of Han Chinese in the Central Plains at that time, and there were also a large number of Hu soldiers in the armed forces of the Western Jin Dynasty, so that the armed forces of the rebellious kings in the Rebellion of the Eight Kings could also be seen everywhere.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty and Cao Wei, the Central Plains Dynasty was able to suppress the nomadic tribes that migrated inward with strong military power.
However, in the Western Jin Dynasty, on the one hand, the ruling clique's extravagant desires and extravagance were corrupt, so that when the building was about to fall, it would still "dash the West Garden out of prostitutes, luxurious Jingu gathered literati"; on the other hand, it was the struggle for power and profit within the ruling clique and cannibalism. Everything gave the internally migrating nomadic tribes an opportunity to suddenly attack and deal a fatal blow to the decaying Western Jin Dynasty when it was in the midst of civil strife.
In the fifth year of Emperor Huai's reign (311), Liu Yuan's son Liu Cong led an army to capture the Western Jin capital Luoyang and capture Emperor Huai of Jin. In 316, Liu Yao attacked Chang'an, ending the brief unification of the Western Jin Dynasty.
As the initiators, the powerful families had to carry the Jin Dynasty clan to "cross the south in a crown" and flee from the already dilapidated Central Plains. Since then, "the eyes can see the sun, not Chang'an", and the northern region has once again fallen into hundreds of years of war.