Five ancient poems, always replace the new peach with the old charm, talk about the history of the peach charm and the spring coupling
Even if it is a high-rise building in a modern city, firecrackers cannot be set off during the Spring Festival, but every household will post Spring Couplings. Modern printing, spring couplings are often red on gold or black on red, the main body is the classic Pingqian Battle Festive Couplet in Chinese culture, decorating the lintel, looking extremely lively and festive.
Since it is a printed couplet, it naturally has the gorgeousness of the paper, but the couplets above are all already printed and written, and there are more auspicious words to welcome the spring.
But older people in the countryside or in the city still think it makes more sense to ask a gentleman who knows calligraphy to improvise on red paper with full black ink years ago, and write spring couplings.
Sticking spring couplings, often on the night of the Chinese New Year's Eve, remove the remnants of last year's spring couplings, and after pasting the new spring couplings is the turn of the new year, a brand new red light in front of the door, giving people a strong sense of resignation and welcoming the new.
When did Spring Union originate?
Spring Union should have originated in the late Tang dynasty. We know that the Tang Dynasty was an era that attached great importance to words and poetry, and had developed extremely neat rhythmic poetry, especially the four sentences in the middle, whether five or seven, requiring surface neatness and extraordinary formal beauty.
Often poets write poems by first doing the middle part of the poem, and then supplementing the rest according to their own writing status. Once Jia Dao pondered the next sentence for the phrase "falling leaves are full of Chang'an", but as a result, walking on the road, he did not see the magistrate's car and horse, rushed head-on, and was imprisoned. As a result, he was in prison, locked up for one night, and still pondered and meditated. Later, the upper link came out, it was the autumn wind and water, and the leaves in Chang'an should be filled with falling leaves according to the next sentence, and the atmosphere was awe-inspiring, and the magnificent autumn colors of Chang'an were written.
A good couplet embodies the poet's soul. Good poetry can make people's souls fly for a moment.
People in the Tang Dynasty loved to use poetry to express festivals, solar terms, natural events and related moods. The ancients wrote that words have spirit, and poetry is also a way for souls to communicate with heaven and earth. So there is no doubt that the people of the Tang Dynasty will write countless good poems and sentences during the New Year.
The origin of the peach talisman is the worship of the ancient peach tree, which is known as the divine wood and fairy wood with spring hair to the sun, flowers and seeds, which is a legacy of ancient reproductive worship. The peach tree represents the immortality and extension of the heavens and the earth, and the peach tree plays an important role in ancient medicine, that is, the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. In ancient times, this was an important disease that affected people's survival and health, often malaria, abdominal pain, and death. Therefore, peach wood represents sunshine, health, longevity, and then it is believed that there are peach trees and peach trees, which can ward off unknown ghosts and diseases.
In the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", there is a huge peach tree, with thousands of miles of branches and leaves, but on the east side of the peach tree, there are ghosts, and there are two gods and people, gods and men, and Yu Lei, holding reed ropes in their hands, specifically driving away ghosts who want to steal peaches.
It can be seen here that the peach tree represents the prosperous immortal world or the world, and the gods and yulei are the gods who guard the peach tree and protect the vitality.
Before the pre-Qin dynasty, it was not clear what kind of ritual it was.
But during the Han Dynasty, every family would Chinese New Year's Eve, with the names of gods and yulei written on peach wood, or human figures made of peach wood, placed at the door of the house, with ropes of reeds hanging and tigers painted next to them. It is called "peach symbol".
This custom was still prevalent during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Zong Yi "Jing Chu Dynasty": "On the first day of the first month... On the chicken household, hanging a reed cord on it, inserting a peach charm next to it, a hundred ghosts are afraid. ”
"Father and son love each other, but they refuse to be boastful.
Suddenly death is like mud, and it looks close from afar.
Dongjia nail peach charm, Xijia County Chisuo.
Cong Tou sang helplessly, urging him to bury it early. "Don · Wang Fanzhi's poem is prefaced with 12
This is a poem from the early Tang Dynasty, written during the New Year, the father and son who depend on each other for their lives are diligent and thrifty, but the father died at the New Year.
It is precisely because of the death of the New Year that many neighbors feel embarrassed and do not interact with their families, thinking that their families are ghostly.
The proprietor is ordering a peach charm at the door to ward off ghosts, which also contains wordless discrimination against their home.
Neighbors to the west were hanging red reed ropes, far from their homes.
The son helped his father's body all the way up the mountain, singing about the helplessness of life, but was urged by neighbors and helpers to bury it earlier.
In fact, this custom still has a legacy today. For example, during the Spring Festival in the first year of someone's family member's death, relatives and friends avoided it. Of course, the current saying is to give them a time to mourn, but its source is still the ancient fear of disease and death, peach talisman and chisuo, is to protect the world of the living, for the death of ordinary people, they stay away.
The important function of the peach talisman is to ward off ghosts and ward off evil spirits.
Today we are talking about the relationship between Spring Union and Tao Fu.
Because in the late Tang Dynasty Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a poem was written on the peach wood board to ward off evil spirits during the New Year, and maybe it was there before, but it was not handed down.
"New Year's celebration, Jiajie number Changchun." Tang Mengshu "Peach Rune Poem"
This is the earliest spring coupling handed down.
During the Five Dynasties period, the Song army would attack Houshu, and Chinese New Year's Eve of this year, the emperor of the Shu state said that on the peach wood board for this year's New Year's Eve, there would be no need for talismans written by Taoist priests, and the Zhongshushe people were asked to write a verse on each of them. Why did he write it? Because this minister is profound and upright, he is a famous humerus minister of the Shu Kingdom, and before the upcoming war, this emperor is really not a superstitious god and a Yulei, but wants this courtier to write a poem on the peach wood board of the Spring Festival, representing a kind of gods' blessing and people's desire to overcome heaven.
This minister must be on such an auspicious day, brewing full emotions to bless his country and the future. Write on a peach wood board "New Year's celebration, Jiajie number Changchun." ”
The new year is a good harvest of the old year, and the beginning of the new year is to make the spring long and the empire eternal.
This couplet is written on a mahogany board and hangs at the tall palace gate, presumably magnificent.
But with such a prayer, the kingdom of Shu is still not immune from destruction. After the death of the country, Xingmenxun was accepted by the Song Dynasty and became the magistrate of Yizhou, and he learned that Song Taizu's birthday, in the second month of the lunar calendar, was called Changchun Festival.
Although I don't know if this historical allusion has any traces of tampering and modification, the Spring Festival poem couplet was pasted on the peach wood board, or directly at the door, which was popular in the Song Dynasty.
"In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sent warmth into Tu Su.
Thousands of doors and thousands of households, always exchange new peaches for old charms. Wang Anshi "Yuan Day"
In the era of Wang Anshi, peach runes, that is, the door gods of peach wood, still existed, but due to the development of education in the Song Dynasty, Confucianism dominated the dynasty, and various cultural phenomena rose, among which peach runes, mostly replaced by poetry associations.
For example, many New Year post poems written by Hanlin University scholars appeared on the palace platform, replacing the door god. It's called a Chinese New Year post, or Spring Coupling.
Then it is also popular among the folk, using festive couplets and poetry couplets to write on peach wood, or instead of peach wood.
Although the Song Dynasty was weaker in military strength than the Jin Kingdom and Mongolia, it was a world-class and rich country at that time. In the years when there was no war, prosperity was peaceful.
People Chinese New Year's Eve the turn of the New Year, use grand firecrackers and firecrackers to welcome the old and welcome the new, and the family drinks Tu Su wine for the New Year.
In the middle of the night, the new spring coupling is pasted and the old peach rune door god is replaced.
And the morning sun on the first day of the first month hits the brand-new door of thousands of households, a new atmosphere.
Wang Anshi advocated the coup law, and this poem also represents his desire for a new policy.
"Nanlai three saw the clouds of the years, and feared to walk the road for life.
When you are old, you are afraid to see the new calendar days, and you will return to learn the old peach charms. "Northern Song · Excerpt from Su Shi's second (December 1073) poem (December 1073) except for Yeye Su Shu Changzhou City
It is very interesting that Su Shi's poem can be compared with Wang Anshi, because Su Shi and Wang Anshi are political enemies.
Su Shi did not understand Wang Anshi's change of law, believing that it was an artificial power struggle.
And Su Shi was disparaged because of this and stayed away from the capital.
It has been three years since I left the capital, and I am afraid that I will be on the road for the rest of my life and will not be able to return to the capital.
I'm old and afraid to look at a new calendar for the year. I plan to retreat and specialize in how to write "old peach characters".
In fact, the "old peach charm" here is also a spring coupling and poem, not a real door god board. Because Su Shi's word "write" is very interesting, it actually means poetry, poetry union and spring union have long been popular.
"The book is the second link of the peach charm, and the whole thing is to go to the sky.
Fifth, more to leak the crown of clothing, a breath of rejuvenation of the grass and trees. Ming · Excerpt from Cheng Tong's "Official Rhyme with Cao"
The peach talisman of the Ming Dynasty is a synonym for Spring Union. Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang promoted the New Year custom of every household changing to the Spring Festival to welcome the New Year, and Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born in poverty, had a lively economy and thrift.
Red paper replaces peach wood, festive couplets replace peach talismans, elegant writing, vulgar spicy.
But it is still necessary to win by handwriting, piety, and expressing the blessings of the New Year.
Although this official of the Ming Dynasty described the Spring Union as a quaint peach charm, the first sentence revealed that this was a poetry union.
The second couplet of the New Year couplet was written, a night vigil, and he also went to the court to meet the emperor.
Fortunately, the officials who went with them were well-dressed, gorgeous and grand, and the spring returned with the New Year, and the grass and trees were fresh everywhere.
After the Qing Dynasty, the Spring Festival couplet was more festive and grounded. However, a good spring coupling pays attention to handwriting, the time, the situation, and the wish, but it is similar to the oldest meaning of the peach rune, which is the communication, release and blessing of the human heart and the soul of heaven and earth.
Now the most precious thing is the handwritten spring coupling. Good calligraphy and good thinking.
If you can't do it all, you can write your own poems.
Katsuyuki Hatsumi interprets the love and beauty in poetry for you. #诗词 #
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