Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition
Shantou, what kind of "head" is it?
There are many waters in eastern Guangdong, and the three rivers of Han, Rong and Lian, are mighty and mighty in Shantou and merge into the sea. It is conceivable that since ancient times, fishing and fishing have been developed, and the history records that 8,000 years ago, ancient humans used a "small stone tool to catch seafood here for a living". Then invented the net, the ancient interpretation of the word "Shan": "Shan", that is, today's copy net, the fish is copied. With the passage of time, the tide rises and falls, not only alluvial into the largest fertile plain in eastern Guangdong, but also accumulates into a dragon-shaped sand embankment in the coastal area. The top of the sand embankment near the sea is called "Shantou".
After the formation of the city, it was divided into north and south halves by Shantou Bay, like a pair of thick giant palms holding a bay of clear water. These giant palms face the vast south Sea. As a result, Shantou became the key to South China, the throat of Fujian and Guangdong, the barrier inland, the tidal wave of the Zhangzhang, the hundred Cantonese, the United Seven Fujian, the Na Hai Tian in the inch, and the fist in one hand. Since the Song Dynasty, the only island general military office in the country has been located on Nan'ao Island in Shantou. Shantou became an important base for Zheng Chenggong's eastern expedition to expel Heyi and regain Taiwan, and it was also the birthplace of his brilliant life.
The geographical "head" has made Shantou's history, making it an important node of the Maritime Silk Road, a wangshan on the route, and a supply station for haigang. The flow of seafood has led to prosperous trade and promoted the exchange of Chinese and foreign cultures. As a result, Shantou could not but become a "building ship of all countries" and a "hundred-year-old commercial port", and in 1933 alone there were as many as 4478 ships entering and leaving Shantou, with a total tonnage of 6.75 million tons, which was astronomical at that time. Therefore, when the United States and the Qing government signed the Sino-US Tianjin Treaty in 1858, the shrewd Americans stared at Shantou and demanded that it be opened as a treaty port. Later, when Engels talked about the closed Qing Dynasty, he said that "Shantou is the only port with some commercial significance." It can be seen that more than a hundred years ago, Shantou has first seen the weather of international cities.
Today, Shantou has developed into an important connection point between the Pearl River Delta and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, an important node of the Greater Pearl River Delta and the Pan-Pearl River Delta, and a geopolitical gate of the Asia-Pacific region, which has achieved the legend of Shantou being born to the sea and standing because of the port. Despite the largest plain in eastern Guangdong, the working area of Shantou's marine functional area is as large as 5 times the land area. There are 103 developable ports in Shantou Bay, and 7 deep-water ports in Nan'ao Island... It is hard to imagine that there is a second city in the country that has such a natural sea advantage - this is the advantage of the "head".
Life originated in the ocean, human civilization benefited from the ocean, the vision of the former unhindered objects is high, and people always have a broad field of vision when facing the sea. And how big people's vision is, how big the world is, Shantou people go to Nanyang, go to Hong Kong and Taiwan, it seems to be more convenient than Shandong people breaking into the Guandong, but also more into the climate. For more than one or two hundred years, there has been a steady stream, or "a thousand miles to ride alone", or a group of three or five, and finally it will become a vast and magnificent view, evolving into a folk custom and folk custom, and almost every family has "overseas relations".
Therefore, Shantou has become one of the largest immigration ports in China, and overseas Chinese are all over the world, "where there is seawater, there are overseas Chinese, and where there are overseas Chinese, there are Chaoshan people." Shantou also calls itself a "city thriving on overseas Chinese." Anyone who walks into the "Overseas Chinese Cultural Relics Museum" will be convinced of this. All kinds of overseas Chinese batches, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of pieces have recorded and witnessed the deep and huge kinship network of Shantou people. The so-called "overseas Chinese approval" is a piece of paper of "silver and letter unity", which is both a letter and a bill of exchange, and the family can receive money with the approval of overseas Chinese, and there is no mistake. The Lingnan scholar Jao Zongyi praised this extremely peculiar and precious overseas Chinese as "Haibang Leftovers, Overseas Chinese History Dunhuang".
Overseas Chinese are naturally poor and rich, poor people do hard labor, set up a stall on the street, measure words and fortunes, or give people haircuts... But no matter how difficult it is to be overseas, you must send money to your family, at least only send "three major yuan of warbling silver". Chen Junrui, who landed in Indonesia in Nanyang, wrote a big "difficult" word on the overseas Chinese approval at home, and attached a poem in small characters next to it: "Go to the road to the hometown, break the intestines and return to the dynasty." The scenery has become a dream, and when the sorrow will begin to disappear. ”
And those overseas Chinese who have made a fortune have sent money to their hometowns, built houses, and done good deeds, such as the former residence of Chen Cichun, who made a fortune in Hong Kong, Macao and Thailand, which is huge in scale, unique in design, and exquisite in architecture, which makes people today breathtaking. When their hometown was stricken, overseas Chinese donated money to donate rice, and the Qing government also formulated regulations to award knighthoods to overseas Chinese who donated a lot. The Chaoshan Railway is the first railway in Chinese history to be built and operated by overseas Chinese.
Man-made, man-made, man-named. Looking at the "head" of Shantou, how to culturally "come out, lead and be superior". Cai Chusheng, a native of Shantou, directed more than 30 films in his lifetime, and in 1934 he wrote and directed "Fishing Light Song", which was the first film in China to win an international award. His films such as "South China Sea Tide", "Lost Lamb" and "A River of Spring Water Flowing East" co-directed with Zheng Junli are all landmark works in the history of Chinese cinema, known as the founder of realist cinema, the pioneer of progressive cinema, and the most outstanding director in China. Among the 200 best film artists in the world, he is the only Chinese and is known as the "Master of World-Class Cinema".
Shantou director Zheng Zhengqiu, who was active in the film industry at the same time as Cai Chusheng, and Chen Bo'er, the star of the once-famous movie "Tao Li Robbery", are also well-known and recorded in history. Qin Mu, a unique prose artist, created an "intellectual style", wrote richly, once had the saying "Southern Qin and Northern Yang", and became a giant in the history of modern Chinese literature...
-- It is not a big explosion of talent in Shantou in modern times, although it is located in the "corner of the province", since the Song Dynasty has been recorded, the list of Qing officials from Shantou is a long list, and by the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been more than one or two Wen Zhuangyuan and Wu Zhuangyuan. Guangxu fifteen years of Jinshi Qiu Fengjia, whose ancestral home was Chaoshan but was born in Taiwan, was 14 years old when he took the boy exam and won the first place in Taiwan, and was praised as a "strange child" by Ding Richang, the Fujian inspector who was also a Chaoshan person, and gave the seal of "Dongning Caizi". After the title of Jin Bang was named, he was appointed as the chief of the Ministry of Works, but he had no intention of pursuing a career, resigned his official post and returned to Taiwan, raised a soldier to give a lecture, and was hired as the chief lecturer of many colleges in Taiwan Province.
After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, he foresaw that the Japanese would invade Taiwan, and under the banner of "resisting the Wokou and defending the land", he founded a rebel army and sold his property for military expenses. In May 1895, Japan launched a war of aggression against Taiwan, qiu Fengjia led the rebel army to fight a bloody battle for more than 20 days and nights, killing countless enemies, and finally due to the huge disparity in strength, the salary was exhausted, the casualties were too heavy, and they had to leave Taiwan to cross. He wept blood in his heart and sighed: "The wind and moon are difficult to make up for the hatred, and the country and mountains have no place to bury their sorrows." The isolated island has exhausted its strength for ten years, and the frontier will be difficult for thousands of miles. Comparable to Wen Tianxiang's "Zero Ding Yang Li Sigh Zero Ding", there are great talents, there are also fierceness, both literary and martial. After Qiu Fengjia settled in his original hometown, he named his house "Niantai Jingshe" and gave his son Qiu Chun the nickname "Niantai". Later, he became the president of the Guangdong Education Federation, and left his last words on his deathbed: "The burial must be southbound, and I will not forget Taiwan!" Many years later, Mr. Yu Youren, who was in Taiwan and could not return to his hometown, must have known Qiu Fengjia well, and on his deathbed he also had a sigh: "Bury me on the top of the mountain, look at my hometown; the hometown is not visible, and it can never be forgotten!" It can be regarded as singing peace with Qiu Fengjia in the air.
The Shantou wind bone and qi vein represented by Qiu Fengjia have been continued, and mai Xiande, the hero of the "Eighty-Six Naval Battle" in 1965, inserted shrapnel into his right frontal lobe and then pierced the left frontal lobe, the brain plasma spilled out, the blood flowed like injection, and he was comatose several times. When he was once again awakened by the sound of artillery, he actually crawled forward regardless of life and death, his eyes were covered with brain plasma and blood, and he still groped from the front cabin to the rear cabin, drilled through a small cabin that was difficult for ordinary people to cross in the days of artillery fire and violent oscillations, and checked the stopped engine. Out of dozens of pipes and thousands of screws, feel a loose screw and tighten it with a wrench. Then he used his body to resist the shifted pressure box, pressed the lever with both hands, restored the damaged thruster, restored the operation of the main engine of the warship, and ensured the safety of the warship, until the end of the battle after 3 hours, he was completely unconscious, creating a miracle of naval warfare, and also created a miracle of vitality and willpower.
This is the Shantou people, did they see Qiu Fengjia's bloodiness from him? His story became a household name in the last century. Today, Mai Xiande is more than 70 years old, with both children and a happy family. Heroes are like this, even ordinary Shantou people, there are extraordinary stories.
Ji Yaohong, a sturdy young man who opened a furniture store, was sentenced to 5 years and 6 months in prison in 1992 when he got into a dispute with the owner of the shop next door and was seriously injured. After coming out of prison after completing his sentence, he went around looking for a job without a door, drove a motorcycle to solicit customers, and after his peers spread his details, no one dared to ride in his car. Working as a laborer on the construction site, the contractor no longer wants him after learning of his experience... Fortunately, mingtong, the secretary of the district party committee of Longhu District, where he is located, supported him and 5 other friends with the same fate to create the Hongtai Porter Team, three of whom were released from prison.
More than 20 years later, because of the safe and reliable service and high efficiency, the Hongtai moving team has created its own brand, the business is overwhelmed, and has built its own three-story office building. At present, the transport team has more than 800 local employees, of which nearly 300 are ex-convicts, and more than 50 ex-convicts are resettled every year. As long as you enter Hongtai, the rate of re-offending is zero. They are busy, healthy, confident, and one by one, they prove that they are not a burden to society and the family, but a cadre who can support their families and benefit society. The rules and regulations of the porters have some unexpected subtleties, and their focus is on the redemption of the soul.
——There are many more stories about the "head" of Shantou, such as why did Shantou become the birthplace and prosperity of Chaoshan culture? Why is it called "Seaside Zoulu"? That's the task of another article, and this article stops here.