#头条创作挑战赛 #
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has launched 53 national industrial tourism demonstration bases. Industrial tourism is a tourism method with industrial production process, factory style, and workers' working and living scenes as the main attraction, and people can feel the character and craftsman spirit of the city through check-in industrial tourism.
【Economic Daily】
In the West, there is no word for industrial tourism, they are called heritage tourism, industrial tourism is part of heritage tourism, called industrial heritage tourism.
Iron Bridge Gorge, England
The United Kingdom is the first country in the world to carry out industrial tourism, for example, Iron Bridge Gorge, which is an industrial heritage site covering an area of 10 square kilometers and consisting of 7 park monuments and 285 industrial buildings.
The British began to protect the industrial heritage of the Iron Bridge Canyon in the 60s of the 20th century, and began to implement industrial heritage tourism on the Iron Bridge Canyon in the 80s, and in 1986 it was included in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO, becoming the world's first industrial project World Heritage Site.
The British were not only very early in the study of industrial heritage, they were also the first to protect industrial heritage. In 1955, Michael Ricks of the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom first proposed the concept of industrial heritage protection.
Industrial heritage facility in the Duisburg Landscape Park
In the 2003 Nizhny Tagil Charter issued by the International Association for the Preservation of Industrial Heritage, industrial heritage refers to "the remains of industrial civilization with historical, scientific, social, architectural or scientific value." These include buildings and machinery, workshops, mills, factories, mines and related processing and refining sites, warehouses and shops, places of production, transmission and use of energy, transport infrastructure, in addition to other places of social activity associated with industrial production, such as housing provision, religious worship or education".
Through this definition, we can understand several concepts in the following aspects: (to the content as a personal understanding, not a standard answer, if you want to understand a more accurate answer, you can check it yourself)
Industrial heritage tourism is the development of tourism activities in the sites of early industrial remains;
Industrial heritage objects include all material parts of industrial heritage, sites, houses, plants, machinery and industrial products;
Through the concept and historical research of industrial heritage, we can see that at the beginning, people focused on the protection of architectural industrial heritage, and later developed into the overall thinking of industrial heritage, including political, economic, environmental strategies at different levels, management and operation mode and capital supply, etc., for industrial heritage, formed a holistic and systematic framework, which is very in line with the theoretical framework of landscape planning, many people began to study and practice industrial heritage from the perspective of landscape, such as industrial waste land renewal, Industrial heritage and landscape regeneration, etc.
Industrial waste land renewal: refers to the production activities of many old industrial enterprises, leaving a large number of industrial land and plant equipment, etc., these lands due to past industrial production activities, land pollution, for the restoration and use of these lands, it has become an urgent problem for industrial society.
The restoration and renewal of industrial wasteland, the continuation of the cultural context of industrial relics, industrial tourism has become an effective way to solve problems, the elements of the original industrial wasteland, including industrial layout, plant, building, machinery and equipment, etc., so that industrial culture continues in the landscape, shaping the beauty of industrial landscape, and developing the tourism value of industrial landscape.
Seattle Gas Works Park, Washington
Industrial heritage and landscape regeneration: It emphasizes the use of ecological principles under the theory of overall and system, design, adjustment of urban spatial pattern, improvement of industrial land suitability, and realization of industrial heritage protection and reuse in the context of urban renewal.
The best example of industrial heritage landscape regeneration is the Seattle Gas Works renovation, which uses ecological technology to preserve industrial heritage and build it into an industrial landscape park.
Land artists play a great role in the process of industrial heritage conservation, they become a bridge between ecological societies and industrialism, promoting the beautification of industrial heritage landscapes.
Industrial land
In the mainland urban land structure, the proportion of industrial land is between 15% and 30%, and the proportion of industrial land in resource cities is larger, and in the mainland [urban greening planning and construction indicators], it is stipulated that the green space rate of industrial enterprises is not less than 20%, the green space rate of factories that produce pollution is not less than 30%, and a shelter forest zone of not less than 50 meters is established.
The industrial green landscape of the mainland includes two categories: the green landscape within industrial enterprises and the renewal of industrial land landscape of abandoned land. According to the [urban greening planning and construction indicators], it can be estimated that the total amount of industrial green space landscape in the city is very large, and the industrial green space landscape plays an important role in improving the comprehensive environmental quality of the city.
Common patterns of industrial heritage in mainland China include:
Shenyang Industrial Heritage Museum, China
Industrial Heritage Museum: In China's old industrial base, there are many projects of industrial heritage museums in the three northeastern provinces, which is also a particularly suitable area for industrial tourism integration.
Shougang Industrial Heritage Park
Industrial heritage parks: Such projects generally incorporate them into the scope of urban green spaces, use the principles of landscape ecology, improve industrial pollution, carry out ecological restoration, and build industrial heritage parks.
Shanghai Yangshupu Industrial Zone
Shopping and tourism complex: This type of project is to transform the original industrial heritage, change its function, and transform the original industrial attributes into a business model, the more typical examples are Guangzhou Dynamic Xiaoxiguan and Shanghai Yangshupu Industrial Zone.
Panorama of Shanghai Expo
Fairs and Business Tourism Zone: The most typical example is the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, which was built on the site of the Jiangnan Shipyard and the Third Iron and Steel Plant.
Zhongshan Qijiang Park
Public open space: Zhongshan Qijiang Park is one such example.
Beijing 798 Culture and Art Center
Cultural and Creative Industry Park: Beijing 798 Culture and Art Center is one such project, mainly through leasing and transfer to achieve economic benefits.
German Ruhr industrial heritage
Regional integration: This is very rare in the mainland, mainly because the scale of the abandoned industrial land we have retained is relatively small, the space is scattered, and it is difficult to form regional connections, but this form, which has great prospects for future development, is also part of my personal interest, because China is a large manufacturing country, complete industrial categories, urban renewal, this part will be over time, industrial heritage will be more and more, how to form regional links with scattered industrial heritage, establish regional integration, A question for us to think about in the future. The regional integration model of the German Ruhr industrial heritage is worth learning.
The original text of the article comes from the WeChat public account: Alice Landscape Design