Author Shao Xiaobing
Brother Bing talked about the twenty-first knowledge of the history of the 38th Army
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="104" > The Battle of "Shadows in the Sun" ~ 394.8 and 281.2 Heights (White Horse Mountain).</h1>
Time can heal
It's just a scar, and a heart scar is a deep scar in the bottom of the heart. One by one author inscription
[ 500th Military Intelligence Service Group, Interrogation Report KT No. 3831, Field Report 523 MIMCI. I 0443, 10th Army, October 6, 1952.] 1. Detailed personal information, PRISONER name: Yan Zhongjiao, alias: Gu Yongdong, PRISONER number: 25, rank: deputy platoon leader, officer position: cultural instructor, unit: 3 battalions and 7 companies of the 340 regiment of the 114th division of the 38th Army, capture location: CT403397, capture date: October 3, 1952, birthplace: unknown, hometown: Hunan, China ]............ One by one, excerpted from a selection of intelligence materials of the South Korean army
Historically, the most serious defection incident of the 38th Army (Higashino Ichisho) occurred on October 2, 1952, during the Period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, on the eve of our army's preparation to launch the second phase of the tactical counterattack in the autumn, which is the famous Battle of Highlands 394.8 and 281.2 (also known as the Battle of White Horse Mountain). Its impact and consequences are very serious. Every time I recall this past, the old seniors who participated in this battle and the comrades who are familiar with the military history of the 38th Army are vaguely painful in their hearts and it is difficult to let go.
On the morning of October 3, 1952, a US reconnaissance plane hovered low over our position, and a stunned voice came from the loudspeaker of the aircraft: An officer of the 340th Regiment of the 114th Division of the 38th Army of the Volunteer Army, Tanaka Jiao, defected to the "United Nations Army", you are ready to launch an attack, and so on. The same content was immediately followed by tweeters on the enemy positions opposite.
In the war years, this situation is not uncommon for both sides to be seen. After the 38th Army returned to the front line in May 1952, three ROK soldiers surrendered to our army. Most of these incidents occurred during the Period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea between the South Korean Army and the Korean People's Army, but such incidents were very rare among the Volunteer Army.
Chen Hui, the commander of the 340th Regiment, rested after four battles and photographed a small hillside near Pyongyang.
Chen Hui, the commander of the furious 340 Regiment, gritted his teeth in hatred and ordered that the next side must be clearly investigated. Soon, Tian Guangru, commander of the 3rd Battalion, and Zhang Yaguang, an instructor, reported that Tanaka Jiao, a cultural instructor of the Seventh Company, was missing and did not know where to go. Soon, they rushed to the regimental headquarters with Liu Jianming, commander of the Seventh Company, and Ge Shutong, the instructor, to make a detailed report to the commander.
The last time Yan Zhongjiao left the line of sight of the company cadres was around 4 p.m. on the 2nd, when the troops organized cadres to look at the terrain and check the passage of the road. At dinner at night, he disappeared from the shadow of Tanaka Jiao, and everyone thought that he had gone to see his comrades-in-arms and classmates, but he did not take it seriously. The sentries at the front also reported seeing a cadre walking around the position, because of his familiar eyes and did not pay attention to interrogation, and soon this person disappeared. It can be concluded that the Dragon in the Valley took advantage of this opportunity and our indifference to hide in the grass of the buffer zone between the enemy and us, and fled in the darkness of the night.
Yan Zhongjiao, born in 1929, is a native of Hunan. There are two versions of how he got into the 38th Army. One is: he originally worked in the Kuomintang secret service, was later incorporated into the Li Mi Corps, was captured in the Battle of Southern Yunnan, and because of his positive performance and good at camouflage, he joined the army to the 38th Army; the other version is: he was admitted to the Central South Military and Political University in June 1949, graduated in April 1950 and assigned to the 114th Division of the 38th Army, serving as a cultural instructor in the 7th Company of the 340th Regiment. His classmate, Li Zhixi, a cultural instructor of the 9th Company of the 340th Regiment, recalled: Yanzhong Jiao was of medium stature, less verbal, relatively introverted, and usually could not see any abnormal behavior, he entered the DPRK with the first batch of troops and participated in 114 battles. Judging from the information later disclosed by the enemy, the second statement is also confirmed.
The author believes that Tanaka Jiao is not a professional agent (spy) who has lurked down, but was transformed later. As for why he defected to the enemy, there are also many theories, but the most core one is: because the 340th Regiment was the main offensive regiment in this counterattack operation, the 7th company he belonged to was identified as a assault company, and he made this act of losing his conscience because he was greedy for life and afraid of death and timid.
There are two very different reactions to the confession of the defector, and it is very crucial to judge whether it is correct or not. Coincidentally, the friendly and neighboring 15th Armies of the 38th Army encountered this situation almost at the same time, but the enemy surrendered.
On the morning of October 5, a staff officer named Lee Jin-ju from the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Regiment of the 2nd Division of the ROK Army came to surrender. After interrogation, the staff officer said that they had received orders to cooperate with the US operation and were ready to launch an offensive around the 7th. At the same time, there was also a ROK corporal squad leader Li Dongchao on the position of the company of the 597.9 regiment defending the 597.9 heights of Shangganling, and he also said the same situation.
True, or false? Believe it, or don't believe it? This made it difficult for the commander of the 15th Army. Believe it, this is war, both sides are using deception, don't deliberately deceive us, right? And there was a defector in both highlands, which was really a coincidence that made people suspicious.
At that time, the main defensive direction of the 15th Army was in the western mountains, because the terrain there was flat, which was very conducive to the mobility of mechanized troops, easy to attack and difficult to defend, and the elite 44th Division of the 15th Army and the main subordinate forces of the army were concentrated here. The slopes of Shangganling and Wusheng Are steep and high, easy to defend and difficult to attack. In response, they ignored the information provided by the defectors and prepared according to the past battle plan. At the operational meeting held by the Fifteenth Army on the evening of the 6th, it was still believed that the main direction of attack of the "United Nations Army" was the direction of the western mountain, and the five holy mountains were only auxiliary to the direction of attack.
As a result, it is conceivable that since the main energy and artillery of the Fifteenth Army were mostly concentrated in the direction of the western mountains and were also ready to counterattack the enemy. Therefore, the preparations were very inadequate and incomplete, so that the enemy occupied almost all the surface positions on the 537.7 and 597.9 heights of Shangganling in one day, forcing our garrison to retreat into the tunnel and fall into passivity. The attached artillery unit was completely caught off guard, not to mention the maneuver, and even the adjustment of the shooting zhuyuan also tossed a lot of effort.
Although our side won the Battle of Shangganling in the end, the mistakes made at the beginning of the campaign did cause the 15th Army to suffer considerable losses and pay an undue price (Qin Jiwei's memoirs also said this problem).
On the other hand, the Ninth Division of the ROK Army opposite the 38th Army attached great importance to the information provided by Tanaka Jiao, and its response was extremely sensitive and rapid.
The 38th Army counterattacked this autumn and prepared to capture: 394.8, 281.2 and Shih Da Dong North Mountain, Fengshu Cave North Mountain, 198.3 Highlands a total of five points. Among them, the 394.8 and 281.2 highlands are the main positions of White Horse Mountain held by the ROK army, and are the main targets that our army is preparing to capture.
White Horse Mountain is located in the Yaoshan Cave area 10 km west of Tieyuan, running from west to north, about 3 km long, composed of a group of mountains dominated by 394.8 highlands, the main highlands are 394.8 highlands and 281.2 highlands, facing the 38th Army's Xiangli Beishan position. The top of the hill is densely wooded, and there is the Ekitani River at the bottom of the mountain. To the east of the mountain is the endless Tieyuan Plain, and to the south is the main military supply line of the "United Nations Army" leading to Seoul via Gaotai Mountain and Baogai Ridge, which can directly reach the important military station base of the "United Nations Army", Tieyuan, and the strategic location is very important.
Because the highland mountain resembles a sleeping horse, it is named "White Horse Mountain". This position was seized by the "United Nations Army" from the Forty-second Army during the autumn offensive of 1951 (the author believes that the loss of the White Horse Hill position by the 42nd Army was a major loss, and later the 42nd, 38th, and 23rd Armies suffered more than 10,000 casualties in order to compete for the heights).
Park Chung-hee
According to the "Korean War History, the Battle of the "White Horse" Highlands", it was revealed that at that time, the Han Ninth Division was holding a full division sports meeting and was not prepared for combat. After Tanaka Jiao defected and reported the news, the division commander, Major General Kim Jong-5, immediately ordered the games to be stopped immediately, and the whole division entered a state of combat readiness (the division's chief of staff, Park Jeong-hyun, who was the president of South Korea). He immediately organized a meeting of commanders to seriously study Tanaka Jiao's confession. The 3rd Battalion of the 30th Regiment was ordered to advance to Hill 394.8 (which was already an enemy battalion at that time), and at 4:20 a.m. on the 4th, 150 bunkers were completed all night, various obstacles were set up, and the highlands were used as combat units to form a circular defense system. The barbed wire mesh in front of the front was increased from 3 to 7 layers, and a large number of anti-step grenades, lighting mines and napalm mines were laid at the same time.
In addition to strengthening the auxiliary defensive facilities, the Han Ninth Division also pushed the division's subordinate units forward to favorable support positions, ready to join the battle at any time. At the same time, the 50th, 51st, and 52nd Battalions of the ROK Artillery and the 49th, 23rd, and 955th Artillery Battalions of the US Army were transferred, and the firepower plan was carefully formulated, the firing elements were demarcated and multiple blocking lines were preset, and the targets of the attack were distinguished by specific tasks. On the basis of the original two tank companies of 44 tanks, the US 73rd Tank Battalion also rushed from Chewon to Hakuba Mountain to help, the US Third Infantry Division also began to maneuver in the direction of Hakuba Mountain, and hundreds of fighters of the US Far East Air Force Fifth Air Force were responsible for supporting the ROK army, and later the ROK 51st Regiment was also assigned to the Han 9th Division to strengthen its strength.
This almost completely offset all the efforts of the 114th Division of the 38th Army (including the 339th Regiment of the 113th Division) that had been carefully prepared for nearly a month and a half.
This rat shit in the valley is really fucking bad a pot of good soup. It's not easy to spill this pot of soup.
The Ninth Division of the ROK Army is a relatively effective unit of the Rokk Army, and after the 38th Army took over the position, it had many encounters with it. In June 1952, the division launched several large-scale attacks on the 113rd Division, and once occupied our surface positions, but under the strong counterattack of our army, the loss of troops, more than a thousand casualties, and was beaten back. It should be considered an old rival.
The defection of Tanaka Jiao has created a big problem for the commanders of the army and division: fight or not fight? Please refer to the headquarters of the Volunteer Army, and the answer is up to you. The commanders of the military divisions and the chief officers of the units participating in the battle held a meeting to study and insisted that the sound of fighting prevailed, holding that Tanaka Jiao was a cultural instructor of a company and had limited understanding of the situation in our army; the troops had made 6 weeks of preparations, and they had repeatedly carried out offensive exercises simulating the enemy's positions, and they had a certain certain degree of certainty of winning, and now the morale of the troops was high; the ROK army's combat effectiveness was not strong and it was easy to be defeated; our army had powerful artillery firepower and tanks to support the operation, and the superiority of manpower and firepower was very high.
At this time, the headquarters of the Volunteer Army had issued an order to start the second phase of the counterattack on the 180-kilometer front of the entire line on the 6th, and if the 38th Army did not fight, it was bound to affect the unified action of the counterattack troops. The comrades who do not agree with the fight believe that our offensive intentions have been exposed, the enemy is prepared, the suddenness of the fight no longer exists, and it is not good for us to fight now.
General Wang Jinshan
In this regard, Commander Jiang Yonghui made a report to the head of the corps and talked about these two opinions. Wang Jinshan, commander of the Three Corps, replied even more crisply: You have taken such a big cattle knife, why are you still screaming when you kill a chicken, mom that ×, fight!
Final decision: "Fight"!
Chen Hui, commander of the 340th Regiment, expressed his determination to the superior commanders: Fight a big victory to eliminate the impact.
The geographical location of the Battle of Hakuba Mountain was very important, and the occupation of Hakuba Mountain would allow the Control of the Korean Army
So what information did Tanichu Jiao provide to the enemy? According to the enemy interrogation report KT No. 3831, the main contents are as follows:
1. The attack time is the morning of October 4 to the morning of 6. (Generally accurate, the actual time of our army's offensive was 17:30 on October 6);
Second, the target: 394.8, 281.2 and other highlands. (basically the same);
3. One infantry regiment and one infantry regiment in the reserve force. (substantially consistent);
4. The position of the battalion command post and the artillery group. (There are in and outs, and there are also close places);
5. The number of company personnel, equipment, etc. (Completely consistent, the enemy can deduce the specific number of people I participated in the battle, etc.);
Sixth, the situation of company communications, anti-chemical warfare, clothing, food and other support. (Exactly the same).
Vii. Time of preparation of the troops, exercises of the companies and simulated offensives. (Exactly the same)
……
A South Korean 155mm howitzer position near Hakuba Mountain
It can be seen that The renegade of The Dragon Inuyasha was prepared in advance, and what he heard and saw was a bamboo tube of poured beans, and there was nothing left, and it was all out.
However, Tanaka Jiao was a cultural instructor of a company, and he did not know many specific combat plans, and the things he knew were still limited, and most of the information he had was told by the company cadres when they assigned tasks and what he saw with his own eyes. He was not very clear about our army's important plan to lurk a thousand people under the eyes of the enemy, otherwise the consequences would be unimaginable. However, the information he provided to the other side was completely enough for the enemy to use...
Brief course of the battle: On the night of October 5, eight companies of the 340th Regiment of the 114th Division of the main offensive force secretly entered the lurking area, the nearest point was less than 100 meters away from the enemy's front, and the concealment of the enemy was quite successful (about 1600 meters of the enemy-us buffer zone).
Because the enemy already knew that our army was going to attack, and also speculated that I might be ambushed in the buffer zone, since the morning of the 6th, they have been constantly shelling and machine gun strafing at the grass and bushes in front of their front, and throwing a few incendiary bombs from time to time, and their intention is obvious, that is, to find out whether there are any hidden troops of our army. The 340 regiment of more than a thousand troops hidden in the enemy's front line showed extremely high organizational discipline and very tenacious endurance, although dozens of people were injured by shells, gunshot wounds and burns, and even many people were killed (including a battalion commander), none of them exposed their targets, and many Qiu Shaoyun-style heroes emerged. If it were not for the unsatisfactory ending later, their feats would have been famous all over the world.
The dangerous and heart-wrenching day has finally survived.
At 17:30 on the 6th, our army (division) belonged to the artillery and reinforced artillery regiments 26, 47 regiments, and the 202nd rocket artillery regiment, a total of 182 artillery of various calibers prepared for firepower for 27 minutes at the enemy positions, and more than a dozen tanks of the 4th tank regiment also began to come forward. Seeing that the enemy's position was hit by the flames of the sky, the smoke billowed out, and the officers and men lurking were elated one by one, and qi praised the artillery for fighting well. Commanders at all levels of observation posts also showed a happy smile on their faces.
"History of the Korean War, Battle of the "White Horse" Highlands" records: The surprise attack of the Chinese army's firepower has made the first 5-6 barbed wire fences and minefields in our positions disappear without a trace, obviously forming a major breakthrough. However, because our division's fortifications were complete, the communication lines were buried in the ground, and only 2 to 3 people were injured during the enemy shelling, and the wired communications were not affected...
It can be seen that the enemy is very well guarded.
As soon as our firepower assault ended, the 340th Regiment attacked the 394.8 heights in five ways, while the 339th Regiment attacked the 281.2 heights in two ways, and the other units also began to attack their respective targets according to the predetermined plan.
As soon as the troops began to move, the enemy's shells smashed into their faces. The ROK artillery, which was prepared in advance, carried out effective blocking fire on our attack line, illuminated mines one after another, and the gasoline barrels around the position burned every few minutes, illuminating the offensive passage, and the enemy's light and heavy fire poured madly on the impact troops. The battle was much more complex and intense than expected.
In the face of the bad battlefield situation, the officers and men participating in the battle had no fear, went to the soup to fight the fire, stubbornly charged, and broke through the enemy's front line in 25 minutes. After the 340th Regiment occupied the 300 heights, it gradually approached the main peak of the 394.8 highlands. On the morning of the 7th, under the fierce assault of the enemy's powerful artillery fire and wave after wave of aviation firepower, the momentum of our attack gradually weakened, and seeing this situation, Chen Hui, the commander of the 340th Regiment, grabbed a submachine gun to be in the line of fire.
In the front row, the first left is Zhai Zhongyu, the division commander, the fourth left is li Wei, the political commissar, the fifth from the left is Ling Shaonong, chief of staff, and the back row is Yu Lin, director of the political department on the left.
In response, Zhai Zhongyu, commander of the 114th Division, ordered the reserve 342nd Regiment to enter the battle, which was two days earlier than expected. At 8:05 a.m. on the 7th, four red and blue signal bombs took off, announcing that the 394.8 heights were captured by our 114th Division, and soon except for the 281.2 heights I gave up fighting, all the commanding heights of the White Horse Mountain were controlled by our army.
Most of the 30th Regiment of the Ninth Division of the ROK Army was annihilated, and the rest collapsed. The enemy's Twenty-eighth Regiment began to take over the Thirty Regiment and compete with us for the main peak, and soon the Enemy Twenty-eighth Regiment, under the blows of our artillery and garrison, suffered heavy casualties and retreated, but the enemy Twenty-ninth Regiment rushed up again. Although the 394.8 highland is still in my hands, it is like a small boat in the wind and rain, turning over and swinging left and right, always unstable.
A South Korean soldier wounded in the Battle of Hakuba Hill Highlands
Indeed, under the heavy blows of the 38th Army, the enemy suffered heavy casualties, and many counterattacks were repulsed, and even South Korean President Syngman Rhee was anxious, and on the one hand, he directly ordered the Han Ninth Division to set up a containment line in the sihou Cave to block the reception of the defeated soldiers who had retreated from the "White Horse Mountain" and urgently formed a counter-impact echelon. On the other hand, a large number of new recruits from the rear formation division were urgently dispatched from the rear training division by air and land transportation to replenish the Han Ninth Division, so that the Han Ninth Division, which suffered heavy casualties after fierce battles, could always maintain a post of 600 to 700 people per battalion. Like the Thirtieth Regiment and the Twenty-eighth Regiment, they were repeatedly put into battle many times after being reorganized.
This gave Admiralty Five enough capital to entangle with the 38th Army. The enemy's three regiments, plus the fifty-one assigned to them, took turns, one regiment retreated and the other filled in.
Realistically speaking: At this time, the ROK army, after training and reorganization by the US military, has made an improvement, and it is no longer the wolf that collapsed in the early stage of the war. They are stubborn and cunning, their will to fight has surpassed that of the US army, they are enough to fight for their lives on the battlefield, they dare to compare with our fighters with bayonets, and their combat effectiveness has indeed been greatly improved.
At that time, our army did not have a system of fighting with the help of the people, and the combat developed to such a fierce degree that the preparation of ideas and materials was beyond the prejudgment of commanders at all levels. Troops with excessive casualties are often wounded and can hardly be put into battle immediately without supplies and troops.
In the fierce battle on the 394.8 heights, Xu Xiuyun, a hygienist of the 334th Regiment Health Team of the 112th Division of the 38th Army, braved artillery fire to rush to the position to rescue the wounded.
On October 10, after three days of fierce fighting, the 342nd Regiment suffered heavy casualties, and after inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy, the position was handed over to the 334th Regiment of the 112th Division of the Reserve.
After fierce fighting until the 14th, the advantage gradually began to tilt towards the side of the Admiralty Five. After 9 consecutive days and 201 hours of contention, although most of the highlands of White Horse Mountain are still in our hands, the main peak position is extremely dangerous, the competition between the two sides has reached a white-hot, the ROK army has spared no effort to charge, and our army has done its best to fight to the death. The ROK Ninth Division successively invested the strength of four infantry regiments. Our army has also successively invested 13 infantry battalions and two companies, which has reached the limit of our mobile strength.
At this time, Commander Jiang Yonghui calmly weighed the situation:
Although our army has occupied most of the high ground in the Baima Mountain area, the ROK Ninth Division has made preparations, has seized the lead, and has used its time to concentrate a strong support artillery group and aviation firepower, repeatedly covering and shooting at various points we have occupied, and the US Third Infantry Division is ready to reinforce at any time. Now that 9,860 enemy personnel have been annihilated, which greatly exceeds the target of 5,000 enemy fighters required by the superiors, and the purpose has been completed, it is better to withdraw from the battle categorically in order to maintain the initiative.
After requesting the consent of the head of the corps, Commander Jiang decided: All the attacking troops would withdraw from their positions at 3 o'clock on the 15th.
Facts have proved that our army gave up the battle for the White Horse Mountain for a wise move. Because the day before, the enemy began to take the initiative to launch a "showdown operation" in the Shangganling area, and the focus of the volunteer army's full-line contention also shifted to the Shangganling area.
Some people say that the 38th Army lost the offensive battle on White Horse Mountain, which is irresponsible and does not understand the truth. The reality is: it's a war of attrition that hasn't been won. In the autumn of 1952, the counterattack operation (6 corps of the Volunteer Army and the two corps of the People's Army) annihilated more than 27,000 enemy troops, the 38th Army annihilated 1/3 of the enemy, the Volunteer Army chose 60 points to attack on the whole line, and only 17 positions were consolidated after the capture, less than 30%. Compare it this way: The 38th Army is not a loss.
At the same time, the US Third Division, which was preparing to participate in the Battle of Shangganling, was firmly sucked into the Baima Mountain area (the ROK Ninth Division withdrew from the Baima Mountain position after being crippled and was defended by the US Third Division), and also effectively cooperated with the operation in the direction of Shangganling. Indeed, the 38th Army also paid a very high price in this operation: a total of more than 6,700 casualties, which is the fourth time that the 38th Army (Dongye Yi column) has suffered more than 5,000 casualties in a battle (fight) since its inception (that is, three wars and four peaces, the Battle of Tianjin, the Fourth Campaign to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the Battle of White Horse Mountain). Of course, the battle of Highland 281.2 was lost (if you are interested, please see what I wrote: 38 Army Historical Knowledge No. 9 "281.2 Highland Death").
After the war, both the enemy and us made a careful summary, and the "Korean War History" mentioned that the reason why the Battle of The White Horse Mountain Highlands was able to be prepared in advance was all due to effective intelligence...
When reporting to the chief of the volunteer army, Commander Jiang Yonghui said: "In this battle, the officers and men who participated in the battle were heroic and tenacious, went forward and followed up, and showed a very strong attack power; the various arms of the armed forces fought in concert and gained unprecedented experience; and the lurking before the attack was a successful tactic before the general attack. However, there is a lesson in command, that is, the harm caused by the surrender of the dragon in the valley to the enemy has not aroused sufficient attention in thinking. In hindsight, after Gu surrendered to the enemy, first, he could attack immediately, not waiting for the 6th, so that the enemy was caught off guard; second, he could postpone the time and wait for the enemy to be paralyzed before attacking, or not fight, and cooperate with the all-line counterattack to carry out a feint attack, which could also consume and contain the enemy. In addition, it is a light enemy, and it lacks due understanding of the improvement of the combat effectiveness of the ROK army..."
The head of the Volunteer Army affirmed the performance of the 38th Army in the autumn counterattack, and North Korean Prime Minister Kim Il Sung also said that the 38th Army fought well.
To study the history of the war in depth, to interpret the battle examples, and to understand the real situation is to win the war in the future. In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 38th Army made outstanding achievements and played the good name of "Long Live the Army" and made everyone in the world know. Truth from facts: The Battle of White Horse Mountain, because of the emergence of special circumstances, was not smooth, satisfactory, and ideal. The lessons of blood tell us: Strong political work will always be the lifeline of our army; security and strict secrecy cannot be relaxed at any time; how commanders can grasp the issue of firmness and flexibility is still the key element in defeating the enemy; and overall planning and attention to details are important links in winning battles.
As for the end of Tanaka Jiao, he seems to have evaporated from the human world, some people say: he wanted to stay in Korea or go to Japan after the war, but it did not work, and later heard that he went to Taiwan and died of illness in 1973. His name was nailed to the pillar of shame of history and forever spurned by righteous people!
As I write this, my hands are shaking and my heart is throbbing, who makes me love you so deeply.
It has been 67 years since the Battle of White Horse Mountain, and the blood of the martyrs has long been deeply permeated in the former battlefield where the Jindalai flowers bloomed, and they watched for peace, hope, and distant hometowns. Oh, yes! The achievements of heroes are like a beautiful morning glow, illuminating the earth, brilliant and brilliant, always inspiring us to move forward and run to the far side!
2019.12.10
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