Canoe (replica)
Cover news reporter Zeng Jie intern Tang Zhiqi
From the lakeside of Chuanze at the dawn of prehistoric civilization to the fertile land of Jiangnan where wufu minfeng and literary style flourished, Yue culture originated in ancient times, formed in the Spring and Autumn Warring States, deeply cast in the spirit and character of the people of the Han and Jin Dynasties, and was also passed down by future generations. As one of the birthplaces of Yue culture, Xiaoshan has a long history of nurturing the wise Yuyue people and preserving a rich material cultural heritage since the late Neolithic period.
On November 14th, Shanghai University and Hangzhou Xiaoshan District Museum jointly planned and held the "Yue Feng Leisurely - Xiaoshan Yue Cultural Relics Exhibition" at the Shanghai University Museum.
Nearly 100 pieces of cultural relics from the Xiaoshan District Museum are very rich, including canoes (replicas) from the ancient period of Xiaoshan area, pre-Qin hard pottery and primitive porcelain in the ancient era, celadon porcelain of the Middle Ages and other cultural relics of different periods and different categories, telling the audience about the unique and rich connotations of ancient Yue culture. The exhibition will be on display until January 8, 2021.
Canoe 8,000 years ago
The cross-lake bridge culture, 8,000 years ago, is one of the sources of the indigenous culture of the first Yue, and unearthed the oldest canoe in China. The printed hard pottery and primitive porcelain that run through the Shang Zhou Dynasty are not only representatives of the material culture and aesthetic creation of the Yue people, but also the source of Chinese porcelain art. After the fall of the Sixth Han Dynasty, yue kiln celadon matured, created and burned for thousands of years and flourished for a long time, leaving behind world-renowned art treasures.
There is a record in the Zhou Yi ZhiXia that "the wood is a boat, and the wood is a boat". Canoes were one of the earliest forms of water transport used by the indigenous peoples of prehistory.
The canoe excavated from the site of the cross-lake bridge is the oldest boat remains found in China, indicating that 8,000 years ago, the original ancestors in the Xianghu Area of Xiaoshan Had Mastered Certain Shipbuilding and Navigation Techniques. The discovery of canoes at the site of the bridge across the lake proves that the southeast region of Chinese mainland is one of the first regions in the world to invent boats and achieve offshore and ocean-going navigation. Prehistoric ancestors used canoes in the offshore, and long voyages used the form of side boats. The birth of the canoe marked the beginning of marine migration and the spread of prehistoric culture. This exhibition presents replicas of canoes, giving the audience a glimpse of the wisdom of the ancestors in boat building.
The aesthetic on printed hard pottery
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, settlements in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River flourished and populations multiplied. The progress of the productive forces promoted the development of early political civilization, and during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Wu and Yue countries, which dominated the southeast, rose rapidly, and their power grew one after the other. In 473 BC, the Yue kingdom destroyed Wu and became the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period.
The Yue people began to manufacture and use printed hard pottery and primitive porcelain objects in the Shang Dynasty. The geometric decorative patterns printed on the body highlight the strong aesthetic awareness of the Vietnamese residents and also mark the skillful manufacturing skills of the Vietnamese craftsmen. Printed hard pottery and primitive porcelain also became the carrier of the unique cultural connotation of the Yue people in the pre-Qin period, and it was also the beginning of China's thousand-year glorious porcelain-making history.
Printed hard pottery is hard in texture, firing temperature is about 1100 °C, appeared in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the Shang Dynasty. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, printed hard pottery was greatly developed, and it was widely popular in the Wuyue region, and the printing ornaments of the utensils were extremely rich, and two to three different ornaments were applied to the same utensil.
The emergence of primitive porcelain depends on the mature printing hard pottery firing process, which is a kind of "high-temperature glazed pottery" after the selection of tire soil, the glazing of the appearance, and the firing of high temperature, and its chemical composition and physical properties have been different from pottery, so it is called "primitive porcelain".
Printed hard pottery was fired in the same kiln as the original porcelain. After the Warring States period, printed hard pottery gradually declined and was gradually replaced by porcelain.
Celadon on the human world
On the basis of the original porcelain production of the pre-Qin Dynasty, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yuedi took the lead in firing mature celadon porcelain. After the Three Kingdoms to the Two Jin Dynasties, the porcelain industry has been greatly developed, and there are many kiln farms in Yuedi, and Yue kiln craftsmen not only temper the firing technology, but also constantly innovate porcelain modeling and decorative arts. After the Yongjia Rebellion of the Western Jin Dynasty, with the "southern crossing of the crown of the Central Plains", the Jiangnan region became another economic and cultural center of gravity in China, and the development of Yue kiln celadon also ushered in the first peak, and finally reached its peak in the Fifth Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty.
The celadon pile plastic jar, also known as the soul bottle, was a type of funerary vessel popular in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions during the Han and Jin dynasties. The ancients "died as if they were alive", and the images of the sculptures were often based on life scenes, cultural imaginations or religious beliefs, and the common ones were pavilions, juggling and dancing, lotus seated Buddha statues, birds and animals. The heap shaping type is small and exquisite, lifelike, and the overall view is clearly layered, chaotic but not chaotic, condensing the various forms of the world, social customs and the spiritual world of people at the time.
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