Bayberry tree is a special fruit tree in China, and its fruit has a unique flavor and rich nutrition, which is favored by consumers. In today's world attaches importance to dietary therapy and health, bayberry has better medicinal value, and it has attracted people's attention. The whole body of the bayberry tree is a treasure, and its roots, stems, branches, leaves, fruits, and cores all have high use value. The oil content of the seed core is up to 40%, and the high-grade vegetable oil can be refined. The leaves can refine the fragrance and make high-grade perfumes. The epidermis of the roots and branches, rich in tannins, can be used as dyes, and the wood is dense and can be used for fine wood processing.
First, the growth habit of bayberry
Arbutus prefers acidic soils, native to China's temperate, subtropical humid climate of the hillside or valley forest at an altitude of 125-1500 meters, mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River Basin, north of Hainan Island, that is, between 20 degrees and 31 degrees north latitude, similar to the distribution of citrus, loquat, tea tree, moso bamboo, etc., but its cold resistance is stronger than citrus and loquat.
Second, the influence of ground type on bayberry
Due to different types of mountains, there are different effects on the growth of bayberry.
1. Foothill slope area
The main production areas of bayberry are the most in the foothills. Due to the low terrain and the high water content of the soil, the taste of bayberry fruit is slightly thinner.
2. Mountain valleys
This kind of soil layer is deep and expensive, and the bayberry fruit type is large and of excellent quality.
3. Steep hillside area
This type of soil is thinner and allows for large, tasty fruit, but low yields.
Third, the variety of bayberry introduction
1. Dongkui
Dongkui Bayberry, native to Huangyan, Zhejiang, is famous for its extraordinarily large cause and effect. Its main characteristics: the fruit is not round, the single fruit weighs 20-25 grams, the fruit color is purple and red, the meat column is coarser, the soluble solids are 13.5%, the sugar content is 10.5%, the juice content is 74%, and the acid content is only 1.35%, which is far better than other bayberry.
2. Late rice bayberry
Because its ripening period is 15-20 days later than other varieties, it is called late rice bayberry. Late rice bayberry is native to Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, and is one of the excellent varieties of Bayberry in Zhejiang Province. Its main features: the fruit is spherical, the average single fruit weighs 11.2 grams, purple-black, the flesh is delicate, sweet and sour, the juice is fragrant, the meat column and the nuclear are easy to separate; the edible rate is 94%-96%, and the soluble solids are 12.6%. The fruit ripens at the end of June. The size of the late rice bayberry is not obvious, the quality is excellent, and it can be planted in moderation.
3. Large-leaved finely tipped bayberry
It is produced in Wu County, Jiangsu Province. Its main features: the fruit is round, the average single fruit weighs 15 grams, the flesh is purple-red, soft, juicy, soluble solids 10%. The fruit ripens in late June. This variety is not easy to fall fruit after maturity, is more resistant to storage, has abundant yields but has large and small years, and can be planted in small quantities.
4. Leafy arbutus
It is native to Dongting Dongshan, Wu County, Jiangsu Province, and Liyang, Changshu, Wuxi and other places. The canopy is tall, erect, slender, branched, lanceolate leaves, with slightly fine teeth at the full rim or apex, slightly reverse-curled at the apex, and narrowly wedge-shaped at the base. The fruit is medium-sized, flattened and round, with an average single fruit weight of 10.5 g. The meat column is round, closely arranged, the fruit surface is relatively flat, and when it is fully ripe, the fruit surface is dark purple-red; the meat is thicker, the texture is harder, the flavor is rich and sweet, the quality is superior, and it contains 12.1% soluble solids. Ripening from the end of June to the beginning of July. The tree is strong, the fruit set rate is high, the yield is of high quality, the fruit is not easy to fall before harvest, it is more resistant to storage and transportation, and there are large and small annual fruit phenomena.
5. Early honey plum
It is a solid and early maturing variety selected from the arbutus of water chestnut species by the Institute of Horticulture of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units, which matured in early and mid-June, and was harvested more than 10 days earlier than ordinary water chestnut species. The tree is moderate, with smaller leaves and slightly upwards on both sides. The fruit is flat and round, the fruit surface is dark purple-red when ripe, bright, the single fruit weighs about 9 grams, the soluble solids content is 12.4%, the edible rate is 93.1%, the taste is sweet and sour, and the quality is excellent. This variety entered the fruiting period earlier and was highly resistant to stress. The flowering period is 20 days earlier than usual, which avoids the harm of "falling yellow sand", which is one of the reasons for the high fruiting rate and stable yield of this variety.
6. Evening plum
Late-ripening arbutus is a new variety of late-maturing arbutus selected by the Institute of Horticulture of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the main planted species, water chestnut species. This variety is more than 5 days slower than the water chestnut species, fresh food and processing quality are excellent, good yield, stable traits, in January 2003 passed the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department organized the results of the appraisal. This variety bloomed in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province on April 4-15, and the fruit matured on July 5-10, with good yield, with a yield of 5.7 kg in 4 years and 36 kg in 6 years. The fruit is dark purple-red, and the fruit surface is bright and beautiful without bayberry plums. It has a strong sweet taste, good taste, dense flesh quality and good storage and transportation. The average single fruit reached more than 12.5 grams, and the quality of fresh food and processing was excellent; the edible rate of fruit reached 95.6%, the soluble solids content reached 13.7%, and the highest reached 15.7%. Every year, 30-40% of spring and summer shoots do not bear fruit to become the next year's fruit preparation branches, so the annual fruit of stable yield size is not obvious.
7. Crystal bayberry
Also known as "white sand bayberry", the color is crystal jade, the fruit is round and large, and its taste is fresh and mellow. However, the cultivation of this arbutus tree is not easy, from seedlings, into forests, a large number of results, it takes 20 years.
8. Large charcoal plum
Native to Hangzhou, Yuyao and other places, the tree is medium in size, the canopy is not neat, and the branches are slender. The leaves are thick and sparse, oblong or broadly inverted ovate lanceolate, with slightly wavy edges. The fruit is large, round or flat, the fruit bottom is flat or slightly concave, weighs about 14 grams, the fruit stem is extremely short, the length of the meat column is different, the pointed or pure head is pointed, the fruit surface is rough and uneven, the color is thick red and black. The meat is soft, juicy, contains 9.9% soluble solids, has a strong taste, moderate sweetness and acidity, and excellent quality. Ripening in early July, the fruit has poor storage and weak resistance to disease and drought.
Fourth, the planting technology of bayberry
1. Land preparation
When the bayberry garden is built, the land should be prepared, and the method of building contour terraces, contour trenches and fish scale pits is generally adopted for land preparation.
(1) Contour terraces
On slopes of 10°-25°, it is suitable for the construction of terraces. Contour lines should be measured in advance on the slope, according to the contour difference or row spacing, at a ratio of 0.2%-0.3%. Generally, when pressing the contour line, it is necessary to build from the bottom up, first along the lowest contour line, and carry out the clearance work. The depth of the clear base should be determined according to the thickness of the soil layer. Stone wall terraces, generally 0.5-1.0 m deep. The width of the base should increase with the height of the ladder wall, generally 0.3-1.5m. When constructing the terrace wall, it is necessary to turn the soil while cultivating the soil, turn the soil of the uphill slope to the downhill slope, so that the terrace slope is tilted inward by about 3 ° -5 °, and then deeply turned to make the soil of the entire terrace loose.
(2) Contour trenches
Isometric trench is a kind of soil and water conservation measure for changing the long slope to a short slope in the orchard of the slope, which is suitable for slopes with a slope of 6°-10° and a deep soil layer. On the slope, trenches are dug according to contour lines, and the excavated soil is piled up next to the hillside ditches for trenching (ridges). Plant the arbutus trees in 1 row along the contour line on the slope of the trench. Generally, the width of the trench is 50-70 cm, the depth of the ditch is 30 cm, and every 5-10 m in the ditch, a gentle water mound is built to form a bamboo knot. The height of the trench and the depth of the trench are about the same, and the outer slope of the trench is slightly longer than the inner slope of the trench, and the width of the trench is slightly larger than the width of the trench.
(3) Repair the fish scale pit
If the terrain is complex and it is not suitable for the construction of horizontal terraces and trenches, fish scale pits can be built to maintain water and soil. The specific method is to determine the colonization point on the contour line, take the colonization point as the center, dig the soil from the upper part, and build a small half-moon shaped field with an outer high and a low inside, and the outer edge of the terrace is built with stones or soil. The row spacing specifications for planting bayberry are often 4m×5m, 6m×4m and 5m×4m3 species. The diameter of the fish scale pit is 2 m, of which the diameter of the planting hole is 1 m and the depth is 80 cm.
2. Colonization
(1) Dig the colonization hole
The colonization hole should be set at 1/3 of the outer edge of the terrace or fish scale pit, and the location of the colonization hole should be measured according to the requirements of the plant row spacing, and then the colonization point should be dug as the center. The size of the colonization hole is 1 m long and 1 m long and 0 .8m deep. Generally, colonization holes are dug in autumn and winter. When digging colonization holes, the topsoil should be put aside, the deep soil should be put aside, the topsoil is mixed with the decomposed farm manure and calcium superphosphate, and when it is settled in the spring, a certain amount of topsoil is placed first, and then a mixture of fertile soil is put in, and finally deep soil is put in, and then seedling colonization is carried out.
There are four methods of combining colonized bottom fertilizer with calcium superphosphate: (1) soil compost or compost 50 kg, calcium superphosphate 0.5-1 kg; (2) poultry manure 25-30 kg, calcium superphosphate 0.5-1 kg; (3) rapeseed cake or soybean cake 5 kg, calcium superphosphate 0.5-1 kg; (4) mountain weeds or scorched mud turf after burning the mountain 25-30 kg.
(2) Colonization density
This should be determined based on the climatic conditions, soil fertility, variety characteristics and canopy management techniques of the orchard. Generally, if the climate is hot, the soil is fertile, the soil layer is deep, and the fertilization is more, the colonization can be thinner; the soil is thinner, the soil layer is shallower, and the slope is steeper, and the colonization can be dense. Generally, 15-40 bayberry plants are planted per 667 square meters. There are several specifications such as 5m×7m, 4m×6m, 5m×4m and so on.
(3) Planting time
In Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan and Jiangxi and other places with frost damage in winter, it is advisable to use spring planting, that is, planting from late February to mid-March. In warm areas where there is no severe winter cold, it can be planted in autumn or spring, that is, from early October to early December, or from mid-February to mid-March of the second year. Colonization should be carried out on cloudy or light rainy days. Special attention should be taken not to plant in weather with northwest winds.
(4) Colonization method
In general, strong seedlings with pure varieties, good rootstock and scion healing, well-developed root system, fresh and robust seedlings, and no diseases and pests should be selected for colonization. Large seedlings must be transplanted or planted in close proximity. Long-distance transportation of seedlings, must be carefully packed seedlings. After transporting to the location of the orchard, the roots are soaked before planting, and then the pine bales and colonization are carried out.
Fifth, the management of the tree body of the bayberry
1. Plastic surgery of bayberry
The tree shape of the bayberry is mostly naturally shaped. Because the top bud of bayberry and its nearby 1-4 buds can be pumped into the backbone branches or side branches, the growth potential of the first end of the extracted branches is very strong, and the lower part is mostly hidden buds, so the canopy branching is very regular. When young trees are shaped, they can be formed in 5-6 years with light pruning. After forming, the useless tillers and cross-cluttered branches that occur on the dead branches, diseased branches, broken branches, roots and stems are removed in the spring (April) and autumn (August-September) every year; others are not specially pruned. Staging trees should be treated with large branch renewal in combination with fertilization.
2. Short-cut fruit branches and flowers
Generally from February to mid-March, for large trees with excessive flower bud differentiation, the whole tree uniformly shortens 1/5-2/5 fruiting branches, and removes weak, dense fruiting branches, while each Skame profit is 0.5-1.0 kg to promote the development of vegetative branches.
3. Chemical flower thinning
For large annual trees or plants with too many fruits, the use of "thinning 6" 100 mg/kg liquid during the full flowering period can increase the amount of flower thinning up to 50%, and can also increase the fruit shape, early ripening and increasing the rate of high-quality fruit, and significantly increase the number of new shoots and the next year's yield (Miao Songlin et al., 1999). In addition, weak trees and trees with too many flower buds can also be sprayed with 200-300 mg/kg gibberellin after fruit harvest, sprayed once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row, to increase the number of autumn shoots and inhibit the rate of flower bud formation.
4. Artificial fruit thinning
Fruit thinning is one of the most effective and simplest means of overcoming the results of the large and small years. Yuhang Chaoshan, Zhejiang, in late May, the large charcoal plum, small charcoal sea, etc., artificial fruit thinning, 6 fruit branches left 3 fruits, 3 thinning, generally each fruit branch left 2 fruits. The large charcoal plum of the large fruit leaves 1-3 fruits per fruit branch, and the small charcoal plum of the small fruit leaves 4-6 fruits. And the upper part of the canopy is less left, and the middle and lower parts are left more, which promotes the development of summer shoots and the formation of fruiting branches.
In recent years, Zhejiang Huangyan and Guangdong Dongguan have begun to promote artificial fruit thinning for Dongkui bayberry, and the fruit thinning period is divided into 2-3 times. The first time after the flowering is about 20 large, the fruit has been peanut-sized, mainly to remove dense fruits, small fruits and inferior fruits, each fruit branch left about 4-6 fruits; the second time in 30-35 days after the flowering, when the fruit diameter is 1 cm, again remove the small fruits and inferior fruits, each fruit branch left about 2-4 fruits; Huangyan to the bloom after 40-45 large, that is, the fruit in early June before the watering period of the fruit, On average, 1.8-2.0 fruit branches remain in fruit branches, and long fruit branches with a length of more than 15 cm leave 3-4 fruits, 5.0-15.0 cm medium fruit branches leave 2-3 fruits, short fruit branches with a length of less than 5 cm leave 1 fruit, and weak branches do not leave fruit.
To achieve "more sparseness in larger years, less sparse in small years", fewer spring shoots in large years, more fruits in the upper part of the canopy; more spring shoots in small years, more fruits in the upper part of the canopy, and fruit pressure on the top. At the same time of fruit thinning, combined with the selection of Jiamei brain platinum 800 times liquid 2-3 times or Jiamei fruit tree gold 800 times liquid, especially in rainy weather, humic acid can enhance the use of diffuse weak light in leaves, improve photosynthetic ability, in order to increase fruit shape, reduce acid content and maturity consistency.
Sixth, the flower promotion of bayberry
1. Paclobutrazol controls the crown and promotes flowers
It is suitable for unproducted trees with particularly strong growth potential of more than 5 years old and non-productive trees or long-term and low-yielding trees. Young trees born under 5 years old or those with weak tree strength cannot be used. In addition, adult fruit trees cannot be used to produce pollution-free fruits. It is used in soil application and foliar spraying. The soil application period is valid from October to March, by peeling the soil in the lower part of the canopy, spreading it evenly in the tree tray, and then covering the soil. The dosage used should vary depending on the species, tree potential, and dish size. When foliar spraying, the unfruiting tree grows, which is about 5 cm long in the spring or summer shoots; adult fruiting trees can be sprayed at the time when the spring or summer shoots will stop growing, that is, before the flower buds differentiate. Dosage 500-1000 mg / kg water. Paclobutrazol inhibits flowers obviously, but care should be taken when using it, and several things must be noted.
2. Gibberellin
Spraying 15-30 mg/kg gibberellin once in the canopy during the flowering or flowering stage can generally increase the fruiting rate by 20-30%.
3. Wangchang tree
Potassium and phosphorus fertilizers were appropriately applied in the same year without or less nitrogen; in late summer and early autumn, trenches were opened near the canopy drip line, and roots were broken at a depth of 30-40 cm; large branches were circumcised in a threaded manner.
4. High grafts
In the absence of pollinator trees, high flower branches.
5. Prevent and reduce fruit fall before harvest
Some arbutus varieties have serious fruit fall before harvest, such as the fruit fall rate of plums can reach 1/5-1/4 of the whole tree fruit, and the "L-type" anti-falling hormone developed by the Department of Horticulture of Zhejiang University can be sprayed 15-20 days before harvest, which can significantly reduce fruit fall.
7. Prevention and control of bayberry diseases and insect pests
1. Disease
(1) Bayberry cancer
Also known as bayberry sores, canker disease is a bacterial disease. Mainly harmful branches, small milky white protrusions appear at the beginning of the disease, the surface is smooth, and then gradually enlarge into a tumor, the surface becomes rough or uneven, wood thrombosis, hard, the tumor is spherical, the maximum diameter can reach more than 10cm. There are 1-2 tumors on a branch, as many as 5 or more, and generally occur more in the branches, which has a serious impact on the growth of the branches. Pathogens overwinter in trees or stumps of tumors, and bacteria overflow from the tumor in mid- to late-April of the following year, and can only invade from wounds through rain, air, scion and insect transmission, with the most onset occurring in June-August.
In the prevention and control, it can be taken to remove diseased branches, avoid branch abrasions and cut scion on diseased branches. Spray 1:2:200 Bordeaux liquid in time after bayberry harvesting, 80% essential wettable powder 400-600 times liquid, 70% methyl tolbuzin wettable powder 800 times liquid, 77% can kill 2000 type 1000 times liquid or 10% agricultural streptomycin 600-800 times liquid. It is also necessary to scrape the lesions and then coat the wound with a stone sulfur compound.
(2) Bayberry brown spot disease
Also known as anthrax, commonly known as bayberry red dot. It is a fungal disease. It mainly harms the leaves, and at the beginning of the leaf surface, a small purple-red dot the size of a needle appears, and then expands into a round or irregular shaped spot, and a small black spot grows in the center of the later spot, that is, the ascomycete fruit of the pathogen. When the disease spots are many, the leaves dry and fall off, and the whole plant falls out or the tree body dies. The bacteria overwinter in the leaves, and from the end of April to the beginning of May of the following year, the bacteria spread with the rain, invaded from the stomata or wounds, and the incubation period was long, and the spots did not appear until mid-to-late August. The disease occurs once a year without re-infection.
Prevention and control methods: prune diseased leaves, dead branches, apply more organic fertilizer and high potassium and high calcium fertilizer Jiamei profitable, good drainage. Spray 80% Dasheng M-45 or 70% Daisen manganese zinc 600 times liquid, 80% essential wettable powder 500 times liquid, 1:2:200 Bordeaux liquid, 75% Bacillus Clear wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 25% methanol ling water agent 500 times liquid, 70% methyl tolbuzin or 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times liquid, etc.
(3) Bayberry dry blight
The main harm to the branches, the victim part of the water loss to form a concave band of spots, the disease part around the branch for a week, the branch is dead, the pathogenic bacteria for a wide range of weak parasitic bacteria, generally from the wound invasion, poor tree susceptibility to disease, to enhance the tree potential, prevention and control should cut off the dead branches, burn, cut off the spots, the wound is coated with 50 times the liquid 402 antibacterial agent protection. Canopy spray Bomei 0.5-2 degree stone sulfur compound.
(4) Bayberry branch rot
Harmful to the branch cortex, the initial diseased tissue is soft, dense and fine black grain spots, there are slender spiny hairs on the upper part, after the onset of the disease, the branches rot and die, and the leaves and fruits are also fatal. The pathogen is a weak parasitic fungus that is susceptible to disease in elderly trees. To prevent and control the disease, organic fertilizer and high potassium package fertilizer should be applied, and the diseased branches should be pruned and burned in time.
After scraping off the spots, the wound is coated with 402 antibacterial agent with 50-100 times the solution or 2000g of fresh cow dung, 100g of methyl tolbuzin, and 50g of zinc of Daisen, mixed with an appropriate amount of water, applied to the wound, and wrapped firmly with plastic film. Canopy spray Bomei 0.5-2 degree stone sulfur compound.
(5) Bayberry red-clothed disease
It is a fungal disease. Mainly harmful to branches, severe disease of the tree within a few years of death. Most of the disease occurs at the branch of the branch, the victim is covered with a thin layer of pink mold, the first year on the backlit bark of the branch, the occurrence of extremely thin silvery white or pink pus-like substance, the next year began to occur in mid-March, after the appearance of acne-like vesicles, even long strip spots, soon the spots are covered with pink mold layer. May to June and October are the peak periods of occurrence every year, and it is easy to get sick when it rains, and the disease of old trees is heavy. In the prevention and control, organic fertilizer and potassium and calcium fertilizer are used to cut off diseased branches and burn them. The spots on the diseased branches are scraped off, and then applied with 843 rehabilitation agent or Bordeaux paste. The canopy is sprayed with 65% Daisen zinc 600 times liquid, 70% Anderson 600 times liquid or 4%-5% ferrous sulfate solution.
(6) Bayberry white rot
Invasive fruit, such as rainy weather during the ripening period, the disease is serious, the fruit is soft and rotten, and many white mists are bred on the fruit surface. It is best to prevent the disease by cultivating it in a film shelter facility, or spray 600 times potassium sorbate liquid and 800 times Jiamei brain platinum nutrient solution to improve fruit hardness and enhance disease resistance.
(7) Bayberry root rot
Endanger the root system, first invade the fine roots, and then expand the extension to the lateral roots, root necks, and trunks, so that the vascular bundle becomes brown and necrotic. It is manifested by rapid greening of the aboveground branches and leaves, and the mold of the underground root system. The prevention and treatment of the disease begins with the application of sulfur suspension agent and 402 antibacterial agent to large wounds; severe disease strains are dug up and burned. Phased spraying: 80% daisen manganese zinc 600 times liquid, 80% essential 400-600 times liquid, 0.5:1:100 Bordeaux liquid or 80% Dasheng M-45 600 times liquid at the beginning of germination; spray 75% bacillus 500-800 times liquid, 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl tolbuzin 600-800 times liquid, or 25% virulite 500 times liquid after leaf spreading.
(8) Bayberry leaflet disease
It is a physiological disease, or deficiency of vegetarian disease, manifesting all kinds of branches to stop growing early, the apical branches become shorter between the nodes, or scorched and die, and the lateral parts of the short and shrunken clumps of branches, the leaves are small, thickened, rough, hard and brittle, the leaf veins are raised and wood thrombosis or longitudinal fissure, the leaves cannot turn green and mature, early death, atrophy of the top buds, no results or few results and other symptoms. To prevent this disease, less or no phosphorus fertilizer should be applied, more organic fertilizer should be applied, and the clumps of branches should be removed. Apply zinc sulfate and borax to the soil (50-100g + urea 100-200g for urea in the canopy of 3m diameter, and then watered to dissolve). The canopy is sprayed with 0.2% borax + 0.4% urea mixture, 0.2% zinc sulfate, or liquid boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer 600-1000 times liquid, sprayed 2-3 times.
(9) Bayberry blight
The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of effective boron in the soil. Small leaves, withered shoots, and overgrown branches bear no or little fruit. Half, several branches, or whole plants have disease, and there are also diseases at the top of the canopy that are normal all around. Spray 800 times the liquid jiamei boron, or apply 50-100 g of borax per plant, add 100-300 g of urea mixed, and apply it in a ditch near the drip line on the periphery of the canopy.
2. Insect pests
(1) Bugs
There are many kinds of insects, mainly cypress oysters, elm oysters, camphor net shield oysters and so on. Female adults and nymphs cluster on branches or leaves to harm, and after being killed, the leaves fall, and the heavy branches die. Occurs in 2 generations per year, with female adults overwintering on treetops and leaves. Eggs are laid in April and hatched in May, which can harm the foliage. To control insect pests, we should first cut off insect branches and dead branches, and burn them in time; remove weeds inside and outside the park; and strengthen fertilizer management. The second is to protect and utilize predators. Finally sprayed, the agent can choose 40% rapid culling (phosphorus killing) emulsion 1000-1500 times liquid, 25% chlorpyrifos 1500 times liquid, 99.1% 200 times the dead insect liquid, 120 times oil emulsion liquid or 25% Urad 1000-1500 times liquid.
(2) Moths
There are moths, small moths, inchworms, poisonous moths, pseudo-yellow leaf curling moths and fruit-sucking nocturnal moths. Mostly to harm the leaves, eat young leaves. The control of moths should be based on comprehensive management. Clear the garden in winter, sweep away the fallen leaves, eradicate the weeds on the edge of the garden, and burn them in a concentrated manner; pick insect bags, shear leaves, and kill egg blocks; protect and use mantises, ladybirds, grasshoppers, spiders, and other beneficial natural enemies; trap adults and larvae with lights or sugar, wine, vinegar, and vinegar; spray potions; control moths, poisonous moths, and inchworms with 5% lyxin 1500 times liquid or 10% imidacloprid 2000 times liquid, 50% pyrex 1000 times liquid, 5% Nong Munte 1000 times liquid or 25% urea No. 3 1500 times liquid spray leaf curl moths and small moths. Cyanobacteria, Albicans or Bacillus thuringiensis can also control a variety of pests. 5.7% of the hundred trees get 1000-1500 times the liquid spray canopy, which is better for the control of fruit-sucking night moth.
(3) Fruit flies
When the arbutus fruit is ripe, there are many fruit flies between the flesh columns that eat the bayberry and lay eggs or lay maggots between the meat columns, affecting the fruit. During the ripening period of fruit flies, it can only be sprayed with 90% of the enemy insects or 80% of the dichlorvos 800-1000 times liquid on the ground, or the use of insects, bananas, honey, vinegar according to the ratio of 10:10:6:3 to make a booby trap, placed in the garden to trap the fruit flies.
(4) Termites
There are three species of domestic termites, yellow-winged termites and black-winged earth termites. It eats the trunk and roots of the arbutus tree and builds a mud channel, damaging the phloem and xylem, causing yellow leaves, dead branches, and dead trees. In the prevention and control, the grass is booby-trapped, that is, digging a hole in the termite-infested area, about 10 holes per 667 square meters, putting ferns or tender grasses into the hole, spraying 48% Lesben emulsion 1000 times liquid or 5% Ruijinte emulsion 2000 times liquid, adding 1% brown sugar is better, and then covering the soil. Or rake the subsoil from the canopy, spray with 2.5% Uranus emulsion 1000 times liquid plus 1% brown sugar, and then cover the soil. Booby traps and dies of termite nibbling poisoning, or termites return home with poison and pass each other to death.
Viii. Harvesting of bayberry
Bayberry fruit generally ripens from early June to early July. The fruit is very perishable and fall off when ripe, and must be picked in time. When harvesting, it is best to divide and collect red in batches. Cut off the nails before harvesting, and pay attention to light picking and light release, so as to avoid injury to the fruit and cause rot. Harvest time to early morning, evening is appropriate, at this time the temperature is low, the loss is less, rainy days or rain after the first sunny weather should not be harvested, otherwise, the fruit is more watery, easy to rot.