Recently, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Announcement on the List of Villages to be Included in the Sixth Batch of Chinese Traditional Villages", which intends to include 1,352 villages in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) into the sixth batch of Chinese traditional villages. Among them, there are four villages in Beijing on the list: Qiangzi Road Village, Dachengzi Town, Miyun District, Hexi Village, Gubeikou Town, Miyun District, Chaoguan Village, Gubeikou Town, Miyun District, and Liulinshui Village, Shijiaying Township, Fangshan District.
Wallzi Road Village: Centennial Yingcheng witnesses the centennial prosperous flower fair
Located in the northeast of Dachengzi Town, Miyun District, Qiangzilu Village is named after the Qiangzilu City built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. In order to defend against the invasion of the northern Mongols and Jurchens, the Ming Dynasty built a camp city with huge stones. The ancient city wall is constructed of huge stones of more than 1,000 kilograms, and the city tower is a masonry structure, with three gates: east, west and south.
Cai, 76, heard from his grandparents that during the war years, Qiangzilu City was a place fought for by various military forces, and soldiers and merchants from all over the country lived in small cities with local villagers. When it comes to the festival, the villagers spontaneously organize programs to hold temple fairs, and the temple fair in Qiangzi Road City attracts many villagers with a lively atmosphere. "The majestic city gate tower is very grand, and those who sing drums and sell goods from the countryside compete to enter the wall road."
On October 27, in Qiangzi Road Village, Miyun District, villagers recalled that this was the door plaque of Yongxi Gate on the east side. Photo by Beijing News reporter Wang Zicheng
Today, the two stone plaques "Anbian Gate" and "Yongxi Gate" are still intact in their original location. The plaque is 124 cm long and 60 cm high. On the right side of the stone plaque is a line of small characters: "Emperor Ming Wanli Third Year Ji Yihai Zhongchun Auspicious Standing", and the left vertical row: "Qincha Governor Ji Liao and other departments of the military and political department left attendant Lang Guanzhong Yang Zhaoshu".
This centuries-old village with a history of the army has retained a very regular layout: between the temple and the ruins of the city gate, there is a T-shaped street about six meters wide, lined with private houses. In the village, there is a Lantern Festival flower fair with a history of nearly 100 years, and the villagers spontaneously set up a performance team, performing traditional performances such as: quarrels, lions, fork playing, car clubs, tiger bullfighting, erdazi wrestling, dragon lantern club, stilts, middle flag, big drums, ten strings, etc.
October 27, Hexi Village, Miyun District, mosque. Photo by Beijing News reporter Wang Zicheng
On October 26, Wang Yunsheng, secretary of the village branch, told reporters that before the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, even people in Shunyi District drove to see the flower fair on Wall Road. The 67-year-old Wang Shu is a good performer of the "palanquin fang", which is a kind of mass performing arts group that circulates among the people as a red and white happy event. The current palanquin shop in Qiangzi Road Village, Dachengzi Town, was founded in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, named Wangjia Drum and Music Banfang, which specialized in festivals, celebrations, and red and white celebrations at that time. The founder is named Wang Jingyuan, there are a total of 7 people in the team, and most of the repertoire played is orally taught by the master, all of which are scored by the ruler, and the music includes ancient traditional songs such as the Putian Mantra, a bowl of water, the Four Upper Buddhas, and the Five Thunder Array, which are still being played today.
Hexi Village: The only village with a hundred family surnames in Beijing
Hexi Village is located at the foot of the Great Wall of Wohu Mountain, on the bank of the Chao River, surrounded by mountains, sitting north facing south, formerly known as Liulin Camp, according to legend 127 BC Han Wu Emperor Yuan Shuo built a garrison city (Xicheng) in the second year, after 680 years, Liulin Ying evolved from a city to a village, and now it has been more than 2,100 years.
October 27, overlooking Hexi Village, Miyun District. Photo by Beijing News reporter Wang Zicheng
"Here, there are no big surnames, more than 1,600 people, more than 100 surnames." On October 27, Chang Haiquan, secretary of the Hexi Village Party branch, told reporters that because the village had historically stationed troops in the north and south of Tiannan Haibei, merchants from various provinces were attracted to gather around the garrison to do business, and then the families of soldiers and merchants also moved in. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after the withdrawal of the garrison, all the people entered the barracks. Different people live together, forming villages with multiple surnames and multiple nationalities.
In addition to the Han ethnic group, Hexi Village is also distributed among Manchu, Hui, Mongolian, Korean, Miao, and Yugur ethnic groups, with a total of 130 surnames in the village, making it the only village with a hundred family surnames in Beijing. Within the area of 8.53 square kilometers of the village, there are West Liang and the Great Wall of Northern Qi along Qinglong Mountain to Dongguan, Sister Building along Wohu Mountain to Babaolou Ming Great Wall, as well as Lüzu Temple, Mosque, Qilang Tomb, ancient houses and other landscapes.
On October 27, in Hexi Village, Miyun District, villagers stopped in front of the newly built cultural wall to watch. Photo by Beijing News reporter Wang Zicheng
People from different regions bring different folk cultures. The village has hand-cut paper-cutting, cross stitch, straw, stone crafts, silk flowers and other ethnic folk characteristic handicrafts. At special festivals, there are also folk art performances, including stilts, dry boats, donkey running, waist drums, and songs.
The integration of diverse folk cultures has also given rise to a unique language system in the village. A unique language circulating in the village, known in Beijing as "Banla Zi dialect" as "Lu Bafen", was once the jargon between merchants and merchants during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and slowly became a way of speaking after tea and dinner among the locals, and is a rare folk language in China. For example, four halves (gold) asked everyone: "How about tonight's 'coarse tea light (rice)', let's have a bowl of 'bull head horse (noodles)' for each person in a while." And panicked (Zhang) replied: "No, I have 'blue-faced fangs (teeth)' these days, the pain is so bad that I can't eat it." "People who don't know this way suddenly feel confused, and when they understand it, they will find it particularly interesting and can't help but follow suit.
Chaoguan Village: "Chaohe Pass" under the Great Wall of Northern Qi
The Chaohe River turns a corner in front of Crouching Tiger Mountain, "closing" the Chaoguan village of more than 400 people into the river bend, and people have to drive in and out of the village, and an east-west bridge is a necessary place. Cao Dongsheng, secretary of the village branch, told reporters that Chaoguan Village was a place of soldiers in ancient times, Chaoguan was also called a small city, and the castle was built in the Ming Dynasty, which was originally called "Chaohe Guan Fort". During the Qing Dynasty, a camp was set up, and later evolved as Chaohe Pass, now referred to as Chaoguan.
Villages are distributed in a hash along the foot of the mountain, and villagers' houses are distributed in arrays. The village still preserves the existing plague temple, Zhenwu temple, ancient opera building and the earliest surviving ancient city in the Gubeikou area built in the Ming Dynasty. The 70-year-old Gao Guifu has a house that is more than 100 years old, and he enthusiastically introduces his house to outsiders, you see, the black dense tiles, the reliefs of the walls, and the tiles of the eaves, almost not damaged at all.
On October 27, the architectural details of the plague temple in Chaoheguan Village, Gubeikou Town, Miyun District. Photo by Beijing News reporter Wang Zicheng
Walking into Chaoguan Village now, several ancient streets and alleys lead to the depths of the village, either horizontal or vertical, straight or curved, all revealing the simplicity of this small village. But the villagers have a lingering historical memory in their hearts: in May 1933, during the Great Wall War of Resistance, the Japanese army massacred 82 villagers and burned down more than 200 houses, creating the horrific "Chaohekuan Massacre". There is a "Chaoheguan Massacre Monument" in the north of the current village to record this history. This was the first tragedy caused by the Japanese army in the Beijing area.
Even on weekdays, in Chaoguan Village, you can always see outsiders with photographic equipment. Local villagers are cheerful and enthusiastic, willing to tell strangers the story of the "Chaohe Pass Tragedy" and "Chaohe Guanbao". The city wall built in Northern Qi in those years still retains some relatively complete walls in the north corner of the west wall and the west end of the north wall, and people admire the strength of the wall to resist thousands of years of wind and sand, and also remember the heavy history that has occurred in this land.
On October 27, citizens were photographing indoor murals at the Chaohegan Guancun Plague Temple in Gubeikou Town, Miyun District. Photo by Beijing News reporter Wang Zicheng
Liulin Water Village: There are hundreds of ancient houses hidden in the depths of a hundred flowers
It is reported that Liulinshui Village is located in the east of Shijiaying Township in the southwest of Fangshan District, adjacent to Xiayunling Township in the south, Yanglinshui Village in the west, and Xiyuan Village in Daanshan Township in the north. It is named because there are many willow trees in the big weir and ditch in the south of the village. Liulinshui Village has more than 20 ancient courtyards, the houses in the village are old gate towers of the Ming Dynasty, and several still retain the ancient style, and the courtyards are divided into two types, one is the courtyard inside and outside the courtyard; The other is the inner and outer courtyard with a hall. Every weekend, there are always tourists who like the old courtyard to take photos here.
There is a temple of the Dragon King built in the Ming Dynasty in the village, in ancient times, in order to ask for rain and ensure a good harvest in the coming year, every May 18th of the lunar calendar, the village would find people to shake dustpans, kill sheep and ask for rain. The Temple of the Dragon King is already a place where people in ancient times begged for rain and hoped for a smooth wind and rain in the coming year, and prayed to God for rain. In 2007, the villagers spontaneously donated money to rebuild the Dragon King Temple, restoring the Temple to its original appearance and adding a cultural landscape to the village.
Beijing News reporter Zhao Lixin Chen Lu
Editor Tang Zheng Proofreader Yang Xuli