| Rice grain mother
When it comes to the older generation of scientists who gave up high salaries abroad and insisted on returning to China to make contributions, everyone thinks of Qian Xuesen, but in fact, there is more than one such great scientific worker in China. Previously, Rice Grain Mother had written the book of Wang Chengshu, known as Madame Curie of China (she was hidden for 30 years and gave up the Nobel Prize, her name should be remembered by everyone).
Today, the mother of the grain of rice wants to talk to you about this is also a heavyweight, her research and development results can be said to be no less than Qian Xuesen, and even provide indispensable technical support for the mainland's "two bombs and one star" cause, however, there are very few people who know this big man.
Rice grain mother feels that such a noble character and excellent business ability of the big bull is a role model worthy of children to follow, and must be pulled out to give everyone a strong Amway wave. She is Lin Lanying, who has the reputation of "the mother of semiconductors" and "the mother of space materials".
In February 1918, Lin Lanying was born in Putian, Fujian Province. Although the Lin family is also a well-known family in the local area, but the thinking is particularly feudal, the birth of Lin Lanying did not make the Lin family happy, the grandmother said that this is a "useless thing", and the mother called her "aunt ghost boy".
Lin Lanying has not studied until she is 6 years old, and the sisters around her either marry early or simply become child brides. But she vaguely felt in her heart that she did not want such a life.
One day, in front of her mother, she read word by word the words of the stone tablet on the courtyard of her home: Home is not rich, expensive is able to keep; Industry is not in profit, but expensive for a long time; The etiquette is the law, and the book is not released.
When she read the word "book", she told her mother about her desire to read, and who knew that her mother interrupted her without even thinking about it.
Lin Lanying was also very stubborn, hiding in the house for three days and three nights without going out, water and rice did not enter, hunger strike protest, must study.
The mother was frightened and reluctantly agreed to her request, but it was also the same as the housework she had to do in the three chapters of the law.
Therefore, Lin Lanying made breakfast every day and went out to school, and she had to make dinner after school. But even so, she was still admitted to the best high school in Putian, and she was the only girl in the school.
What makes the boys even more ashamed of themselves is that the name at the top of the report card every semester is always Lin Lanying.
In 1936, the 18-year-old Lin Lanying was admitted to Fujian Union University to study mathematics, and refused many people's proposals. At this time, her mother finally did not stop her anymore and sold the ring to make money for her.
Lin Lanying did not fail his mother, stayed on to teach with excellent results, and at the age of 30, went to the University of Pennsylvania, one of the famous Ivy League schools.
Lin Lanying's intelligence and talent are outstanding even at Penn, and her supervisor suggested that she could go to the University of Chicago to study for a PhD in mathematics. However, in the choice of future direction, Lin Lanying did not put personal interests and development first, she first considered: what is more useful to the country?
So after some deliberation, she decided to abandon mathematics and study solid state physics instead. Indeed, whether it is an aircraft cannon or wireless communication, it is inseparable from the fundamental of physics.
For China, which was in turmoil and waiting to be rebuilt, what was most needed was a high-end talent like Lin Lanying who took into account both mathematics and physics. She said:
The reason why I chose this is to consider that reading physics is more direct to the future economy of the motherland than reading mathematics.
In 1949, Lin Lanying devoted herself to the study of solid state physics at the Penn Research Institute, and it was here that she began her indissoluble relationship with semiconductor materials.
Six years later, Lin Lanying published her doctoral dissertation in Physical Review, a top journal in the American physics community, and she officially became the first Chinese doctor in Penn history, and the first female doctorate.
After graduation, she joined Sophia as a senior engineer, specializing in semiconductor research projects, solving the pollution problem in the manufacturing process of silicon single crystal, and innovatively designing seed crystal protective covers, and has declared two patents, becoming a well-known scholar in the United States. Someone commented on Lin Lanying:
She has a mind that ordinary people can't match, and many difficult questions, even if she has not encountered them, have an answer immediately after her mind.
Such a high-end talent is undoubtedly a great asset for the United States.
Premier Zhou also knew that the Putian Lin family had produced such a talented woman, and secretly contacted Ye Fei, the first secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee, to "urgently recall" Lin Lanying, a priceless treasure. This coincided with Lin Lanying, who had already returned to her heart like an arrow.
So she filed a resignation with the company and submitted 4 applications to the U.S. Immigration Department, but all of them were sunk in the sea.
At that time, the U.S. Immigration Bureau had issued a decree restricting the return of international students, and it was clear that Lin Lanying was targeted.
Of course, the company tried its best to keep her, and even three salary increases as a condition, Lin Lanying was not moved;
The US Immigration Bureau is even more soft and her, Lin Lanying's reason for returning home is to "take care of her seriously ill mother", the US authorities said that they can pick up her mother to come to the United States for treatment, and can also be equipped with the best medical resources, and even help her family immigrate to the United States.
But in the face of all this, Lin Lanying did not pay attention to it at all: "There is a saying in China that the homeland is difficult to leave, and there is also a saying that the golden nest and the silver nest are not as good as their own soil nest, and my family has no interest in living in the United States." ”
Lin Lanying's Chinese friends in the United States even came to persuade her not to return to China, but Lin Lanying was still very firm:
It's impossible for you to convince me not to go home, just as I'm going to convince you to go home.
In the end, the United States still failed to beat her, and in 1957, Lin Lanying was preparing to board a ship on the coast of San Francisco to return home. However, things did not go as smoothly as she thought, and the customs suddenly demanded that she be forcibly detained and searched, which is obviously another difficult task for the US side.
They searched Lin Lanying's luggage and found a check for $6,800, which was Lin Lanying's savings for several years in the United States, all of which were confiscated by customs.
Is Lin Lanying distressed? Of course, it hurt, but she watched the money being taken away without saying a word.
However, when the customs picked up the two white pill boxes, Lin Lanying suddenly became nervous.
"What's in there?" Customs asked sharply. Lin Lanying's heart mentioned the throat eyes, but still tried his best to suppress the tension, pretending to be calm:
"This is a special medicine to bring my mother to heal, don't break it for me!" Saying that, I took it.
Fortunately, the customs did not pursue the question, because there were no prohibited items, there were no confidential documents, had to let her pass, Lin Lanying's heart was put into the stomach.
She knew that there was no special medicine in that pill box at all, but 50 grams of germanium single crystal and 100 grams of silicon single crystal she developed!
You know, at that time, foreign countries firmly controlled the semiconductor village material, China did not have it at all, this 150 grams of small medicine box, almost pinned on the future of China's semiconductor materials.
Finally, Lin Lanying, who had been away from the motherland for nearly ten years, finally returned to the hometown she had in mind.
After returning to the motherland, Lin Lanying fought in the front line of semiconductor materials and donated all the precious 150g materials to the Chinese Academy of Sciences free of charge.
Unexpectedly, she had only been working for a week when she had acute peritonitis and passed out in pain.
When Premier Zhou learned of this, he personally called the hospital to issue an order: It can only be cured, and there can be no accidents! Lin Lanying did not know that she had had surgery until she woke up, and she was also moved to tears by Premier Zhou's care, and she was more determined to redouble her efforts in work.
That year, Lin Lanying went to the Soviet Union to study and was attracted by the quartz crucible in the Science and Technology Museum and could not walk, which is an indispensable basic material for drawing large-diameter monocrystalline silicon and developing large-scale integrated circuits.
She tried her best to get the Science and Technology Museum to sell the quartz crucible to her, who knew that people just wouldn't let go, so angry that she ran to Nie Rongzhen to complain:
"The Soviets were not friends enough, asking for other people's things, but refusing to give others something. Beijing Glass General Factory is trying to make quartz, you have to give them money, let them make it as soon as possible, this thing is of great use to us! ”
In the process of inspecting and studying abroad, Lin Lanying has not been less than the cold eyes of foreigners, and their prejudice and disdain for China have all been seen in the eyes and remembered in her heart.
Her stubborn strength surged up again, and she vowed that she must do a good job in the semiconductor industry on the mainland as soon as possible, not lag behind the United States and the Soviet Union, and must fight for this breath!
In those days, Lin Lanying almost ate badly and slept badly, and often missed several stops because of his wandering mind when he took the bus after work;
The meal had already been brought to the table, but she did not realize it, and often her mother woke her up with chopsticks.
Finally, Lin Lanying came up with a way to cope, that day, she and her partners wore white coats and waited patiently next to the single crystal furnace, like a doctor waiting for a newborn to be born, so she watched for a day and a night.
Lin Lanying constantly observed the changes in the crystals, and her heart seemed to be burning in the stove, and anxiety and excitement were intertwined.
Finally, the crystal began to condense as Lin Lanying envisioned, and when a cylinder eight centimeters long, 2 inches in diameter, and a dark shiny cylinder appeared in front of her eyes, she knew that China's first silicon single crystal was finally born!
Then, Lin Lanying plunged headlong into the world of semiconductor materials, and won several firsts in a row: China's first non-misplaced silicon single crystal, China's first open-door silicon single crystal furnace, the first single heterojunction SOI epitaxial material, the first GAP semi-crystal...
In 1981, her team cooperated to complete the development of 4,000 and 16,000 large-scale integrated circuits - silicon gate M0S random memory, and won the first prize of major scientific and technological achievements of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;
In 1987, the first gallium arsenide crystal experiment on the mainland was successfully carried out, which was the world's first use of space materials to make semiconductor devices, so Lin Lanying was called the "mother of space materials".
During the turbulent years, Lin Lanying was forced to interrupt research. After the United States learned about it, it wanted to use this point to re-persuade Lin Lanying to return to the United States, who knew that Lin Lanying's firmness was the same as 3 years ago, she did not have much explanation, but said six words lightly: China needs me more.
Lin Lanying has won numerous awards and praises in his lifetime, and has won the Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology Progress Award 4 times, and has also trained a number of top scientific research workers such as Wu Dexin and Wang Zhanyuan.
However, Lin Lanying's life is extremely simple, she gave up a high salary of tens of thousands of dollars, took a salary of more than 200 yuan, never married and had children in her life, it can be said that she dedicated all her youth and blood to the country.
It can be said that without the self-sacrifice and hard work of the older generation of scientific researchers like Lin Lanying, perhaps to this day we are still far behind by developed countries and subject to others in all aspects.
I remember that when Lin Lanying gave a speech at an American university, she said this to international students:
"I can't ask you to do that by the standards of the '50s, because times are different. But whether it is the 50s or 80s, or even the 21st century, as the descendants of Yanhuang, we should dedicate the golden age to the motherland. ”
This sentence is said to the vast number of overseas students, I hope that they will succeed in their studies, and I hope that they will return from their studies and shine.
Children should be told that they can have such a happy life today precisely because of the hard work of old predecessors like Lin Lanying.
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