With the continuous growth of age, after reaching a certain age, the various functions of the body will gradually weaken, because our internal organs are in the stomach, we can not see the real situation inside, and most of them are not communicated with the outside world, only the gastrointestinal tract is connected with the outside, our gastrointestinal tract from the mouth and the outside world, and our stomach every day and eat in the food, various additives, hormones, gutter oil, bacteria, viruses and other contact.
So the gastrointestinal tract is easier to be stimulated than other organs, more likely to produce inflammation, if there is no good maintenance, it is easy to appear uncomfortable, long-term some bad habits, will lead to increased the probability of cancer, in fact, most of the disease can be prevented, then what preparations can be made early to prevent the occurrence of diseases, then let's take a look at it together.
01
First of all, what are the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer?
gastric cancer
Gastric cancer in the strict sense, is a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelium of the gastric mucosa, the malignant tumor that occurs on the mucous membrane is gastric cancer, which is different from the tumors that occur at other levels, such as gastric leiomyoma, gastric stromal tumor, etc. Gastric cancer can also be divided into cardia cancer, gastric body cancer and anthral cancer according to the stage of disease, which can be divided into early, middle and advanced stages according to the stage of disease.
The occurrence of gastric cancer is due to the continuous chronic inflammation mediated by growth factors under the action of various factors such as adverse environment, diet and Helicobacter pylori, and eventually by chronic inflammation, atrophic gastritis and atrophic gastritis with enteric dysplasia, and the process gradually evolves to gastric cancer.
1, environmental and dietary factors: epidemiological tips, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, can reduce the occurrence of stomach cancer, often eat moldy food, pickles, pickled food, smoked food and excessive intake of table salt, can increase the risk of stomach cancer.
The northwest and east coasts of the mainland have a higher rate, and people who like to eat pickled and smoked for a long time have a high incidence of stomach cancer, and smokers have a 50% higher risk of stomach cancer than non-smokers.
2. Infectious factors: Helicobacter pylori infection, which has common epidemiological characteristics with gastric cancer, and studies have shown that in patients with high incidence of gastric cancer, the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori infection is greater than 60%.
3. Genetic factors; Patients with stomach cancer have a clear tendency to family aggregation, and patients with a history of gastric cancer in the family have a higher incidence of stomach cancer than others.
Esophageal carcinoma
Esophageal cancer is a common upper gastrointestinal malignancy, currently listed as the eighth largest cancer in the world, the incidence of esophageal cancer in the mainland has its own unique geographical distribution characteristics, the incidence of esophageal cancer in men is higher than that in women, the ratio of men to women is about 1.3: 1 ~ 2.7: 1.
The age of onset is mostly over 40 years old, with the highest incidence in the 60 to 64 age group, early esophageal cancer symptoms are not obvious, and there may be occasional discomfort when swallowing coarse food, such as retrosternal burning, needle prick, or traction friction-like pain.
The typical symptoms of middle and advanced esophageal cancer are progressive dysphagia, which is difficult to swallow at first solid foods, then semi-liquid foods, and finally liquids cannot be swallowed, so the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer may be related to the following categories:
1, genetic factors: there are studies found that the incidence of esophageal cancer and genetic inheritance and other congenital factors have a certain correlation, with family genetic predisposition, generally if there is a history of esophageal cancer in the family, then the possibility of offspring suffering from this malignant disease will be greater.
2, chemical stimulation: nitrite and nitrosamine compounds, is the key factor inducing esophageal cancer, such chemicals have strong carcinogenicity, can induce tissue cancer, if you often accept the stimulation of nitrosamine compounds, a large number of pickled foods such as sauerkraut and salted fish, or eat moldy potatoes and wheat, the possibility of esophageal cancer will be greatly increased.
3. Nutrient deficiency: If a large number of long-term deficiencies in vitamin A, vitamin B2 and other substances in the body, or there is no supplementation of zinc, iron and selenium, it may increase the possibility of esophageal cancer.
4, biological factors: fungi will have a certain carcinogenic effect, if the patient has a fungal infection in the esophagus and upper gastrointestinal tract, it may promote the formation of nitrosamines and their precursors in large quantities, prompting malignant lesions in the esophagus cell tissue, thus suffering from esophageal cancer.
5, other factors: in daily life, if the diet is not controlled, often drink a lot of strong alcohol or smoke, like to eat too high temperature or too hard food, eat too fast, will have obvious stimulation of the esophagus, long-term may occur cancer, in addition, oral hygiene and caries, may become a precipitating factor for esophageal cancer.
02
How to prevent stomach cancer and esophageal cancer? Doctor: Give everyone 7 points of advice, teach everyone how to prevent
1, diet to be regular: in the consciousness of many people think that gastrointestinal disease is a normal disease, but if not treated for a long time, stomach cancer may be formed, especially in the current society, many people often do not eat, three meals irregular, slowly there will be stomach disease, stomach disease for a long time without treatment, coupled with the stimulation of adverse factors, will form stomach cancer.
2, nutritional balance: want to prevent stomach cancer should pay attention to nutritional collocation, now people's living conditions are getting better and better, can eat meat, but if the intake of too much meat is too small, not only will make people obese, the burden of the stomach will also increase, resulting in stomach diseases, so we must pay attention to meat and vegetarian collocation.
3, life routine to be regular: many times because of irregular life schedule, easy to cause gastrointestinal discomfort, and stomach cancer patients are many irregular life schedule, such as morning and evening upside down, often stay up late, these are not in line with the law of life, so in real life or must pay attention to,
4, avoid gobbling: now the pace of young people's life is particularly fast, many people have developed the habit of swallowing, but this eating habit is not good for health, often gobbling, will make food without saliva digestion under the premise of directly into the esophagus.
Thus causing squeezing and friction on the esophageal mucosa, increasing the chance of esophageal being scratched, promoting esophageal hyperplasia and degeneration, and over time, it will increase the incidence of esophageal cancer.
5, do not eat hot food: we have an old saying in China called "eat while hot", as we all know, if it is greatly detrimental to health, especially easy to cause esophageal cancer, the maximum temperature that the esophagus can withstand is 50 to 60 degrees, if you often ingest hot food, it will cause irritation to the esophageal mucosa, make the mucosal cells inflamed, or degenerate to increase the incidence of esophageal cancer.
6, avoid drinking: the wine itself does not have carcinogens, but after entering the human body, it will metabolize a substance called acetaldehyde, which is a relatively strong carcinogen, long-term drinking will increase the incidence of various cancers, the most common of which is esophageal cancer and stomach cancer, so if you want to prevent esophageal cancer, first of all, quit drinking, in addition, smoking will also increase the incidence of esophageal cancer, and all people with smoking habits should also quit smoking immediately.
7, to do timely examination and treatment: want to prevent the emergence of esophageal cancer should also be found early treatment, when the tube site is uncomfortable, to the hospital in time to check, if conditions permit, it is best to do a gastroscopy every 1 to 2 years, you can timely find the problems in the esophagus and stomach, and timely examination, to avoid further development of the disease to increase the incidence of cancer.