Traditional festival, full moon in Mid-Autumn Festival. Every year on the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, when the moon rises on the sea, the people in the city also gather together as a family, set up family feasts, prepare moon cakes, and celebrate this auspicious reunion day.
Zhang Chunhua, a Late Qing Dynasty Shanghainese, has a bamboo branch word cloud in "Qu Song of the Hucheng Years": "The moon is shining on a good night sitting on the building, and the infinite brightness is far away." The courtyard is open to the extension of the place, and the autumn color is divided into two autumn colors to mid-autumn. "Although the present people do not see the ancient time and month, this month once looked at the ancients. Shanghainese in different eras are in different environments and different situations, but looking at the mood of the same round of bright moon, there should be resonance.
In addition to eating moon cakes and enjoying the moon, old Shanghainese also have the custom of worshipping the moon in the courtyard or in the courtyard on the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival, that is, the "Ramadan Palace". In the evening, everyone displays melon fruits, flowers, sweets and mooncakes on the sacrificial table, and offers lotus root, taro, red diamond, mustard and other early autumn seasonal foods to show respect for nature to the moon. After removing the food, relatives and friends often eat it separately, while chatting and cooling off.
In the past, the water network in jiangnan was dense, and most households lived by the river. After dinner, the full moon rises into the sky, and the silver glow in the water produces an infinitely reverie beauty, which also derives from the folk activity of walking the bridge and watching the moon on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The "Tang Yun Mid-Autumn Festival Garden Party" was held in Guilin Park. Shao Jianping
On this night, even the female relatives who do not go out every day will go out together, admire the lights and watch the moon, and pray for "walking the moon" to pray for "walking a hundred diseases". "At night, women go out in makeup, return to each other, or follow the garden pavilion, people are quieter, judas under the moon, called 'stepping on the moon'." Their shadows also make the street market lively.
So, which part of the water would the old Shanghainese choose to go to to see the moon?
"Shiliang Night Moon" may have been the first choice of the people in the old city of Shanghai at that time. But where is this stone beam? What is the origin of the two banks of the Pujiang River today?
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In the autumn of 2009, the "Eight Views of New Shanghai" selection activity sponsored by the Municipal Tourism Bureau, the Municipal Spiritual Civilization Office and the Jiefang Daily Newspaper Group was announced. Among the more than 1,500 shortlisted scenery, the "Bund Morning Bell", "Yuyuan Garden Elegant Rhyme", "Skyscraper Scenic Victory", "Old And New Hui", "Ten Miles of Neon", "Sheshan Shicui", "Fengjing Painting" and "Dianhu Lake Ring Show" stood out.
Since there are "Eight Views of New Shanghai", there is a corresponding "Eight Views of Old Shanghai" - the latter generally refers to the eight scenes of the Qing Dynasty that were defined by the literati in Shanghai and included in the "Shanghai County Chronicle", namely "Huangpu Autumn Waves", "Longhua Evening Bell", "Sea and Sky Rising Sun", "Wusong Smoke and Rain", "Wild Crossing Crab Leaf", "Fenglou Overlook", "Jianggao Jixue" and "Shiliang Night Moon".
Qin Rongguang, a late Qing Dynasty Shanghainese who participated in the establishment of Sanlin Academy, has a song in his bamboo branch words: "Pu Tao Hai Is full of river smoke, bridge moonlight cold peak snow lian." The top of the first-class tower of the ferry tower, the eight views of Shanghai City Fei Shi note. The "bridge moon" mentioned in it, that is, the "stone beam night moon", refers to the moon-viewing bridge preferred by Shanghainese at that time when they "walked the moon" during the Mid-Autumn Festival, and a stone bridge on the side of the east gate of the old city box, known as "Lujia Stone Bridge".
The Lu family refers to the Lu Shen family. According to the "Chronicle of the Southern City", the Lujia Stone Bridge was built by Lu Shen, a jinshi of The Ming Dynasty, who donated 400 taels of silver and 1,000 meters of stone to Jiajing in the twenty-first year (1542). The bridge is an arch bridge, with 3 ring holes, 24 stone steps, and the fence is engraved with auspicious cloud patterns, called "Wanyun Bridge". Because Lu Shen once served in the Guozijian, also known as the "Bachelor Bridge".
Shanghainese people once had a poem cloud: "Guizun ring cake answers autumn light, and everywhere there is a douxiang." Go out of the city with a good night, and the moon on lujiaqiao is like frost. ”
"Mid-Autumn Festival" ceremony. Xinhua
The so-called "incense everywhere" refers to people coming to Lujia Stone Bridge to burn incense to celebrate the moon, for which dozens of incense buckets are placed at both ends of the bridge, and the smoke is swirling in the moonlight, and the aroma is spread for miles. At this time, when the moon is empty, the water color, arch bridge, and ring hole reflect each other, showing the scenery of "moon shadow through the ring".
Later generations sang this scene in a set of sentences: "Ten thousand miles of wind and smoke meet Su Qiu (Du Fu), the moon and the stars sit to collect (Du Xunhe), the golden wave outside the crystal curtain (Shen Qi period), and several degrees of high chanting to send water flow (Tan Yongzhi). ”
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Fangbang, historically, started from the present-day South Xizang Road in the west and flowed east through Fangbang Bridge, Xima Bridge, Dongma Bridge, Chenshi'an Bridge, Guanyi Bridge, Changsheng Bridge, Xiaodongmen, Li SixteenPu Bridge, Wai Sixteen Pu Bridge, into the Huangpu River, and connected with the moat of Shanghai County.
In the early 20th century, Fangbang was filled in to build a road, and now only the old traces of this former water transport artery can be seen in the names of Fangbang West Road, Fangbang Middle Road, and Fangbang East Road.
Fang Bang was filled in, the stone bridge was demolished, and the scene of the "Stone Beam Night Moon" did not exist.
At the same time that Fangbang was filled in, in 1913, after years of controversy, the old city wall of Shanghai was also demolished. In June of that year, the northern half of the circle was built into a road with a length of 850 meters, named "Republic of China Road" (now Renmin Road); In the winter of the following year, the southern half of the circle was built into a road with a length of 800 meters, named "Zhonghua Road". In 1914, the construction of the pidgin was started, and in 1916 a wide road was built, named Aidoya Road after the King of England, and later renamed "Great Shanghai Road", which is now Yan'an East Road. The Dongxin Bridge and the Eight Immortals Bridge, which were once listed on the Pidine, are also not seen, but the place names have been used to this day.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the urbanization process of Shanghai accelerated, and the traditional customs of the Jiangnan region were impacted. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in those years, after the women of the old city box dressed up according to the customs, which bridges would they go to to "walk the moon" and "fight incense"? Or with the emergence of Chinese and Western shops here, they began to get used to "rolling roads" and "buying, buying and buying" in the city that never sleeps?
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Lu Shen was born in the thirteenth year of Emperor Mingxian's chenghua (1477) and died in the twenty-third year of Sejong Jiajing (1544). In the fourteenth year of Hongzhi (1501), he was tested in the Tianfu Township Examination. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, he raised a jinshi, changed his name to Shu Jishi, and was taught editing. In the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518), he was appointed as a fellow examiner and promoted to the rank of superintendent of the state and sacrificed wine. In the sixteenth year of Jiajing (1537), he changed his name to Taichang Siqing and was also a bachelor's attendant. Later, it was Zhan Shifu Zhan Shi. The collection is very rich, and he has written the "Jiangdong Book Catalogue". ("Shanghai Tongzhi People")
According to the custom of the gentry at that time, after entering the dynasty as an official, Lu Shen donated bridges for the seat of the county seat. When Shanghai was attacked by the Wukou people who decided to build the city wall, his family also generously donated. Lu Shen's wife Mei Shi "donated 500 acres of land, another 2,000 taels of gold, and demolished thousands of houses, all of which were used to help build the small east gate of the county town." In order to commemorate Lady Lu Shen's righteous deeds, later generations called Xiaodongmen the Lady's Gate."
However, the Lu family did not live in the old city. His ancestors lived in Songjiang Huating and moved to Pudong at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. Lu Shen wrote his own "Preface to the Ancient Poems Couplet", saying that "the Yu family has lived in the Huangdong Puya for more than a hundred years since the ancestors of the Great-Great-Great-Grandfather Zhuju Fujun, and the descendants have multiplied, and the internal and external tribesmen have a thousand fingers."
It is precisely because of the existence of the Lu family that the Huangpu River from south to north, after merging with the Wusong River, forms a mouth-shaped alluvial beach on the east bank, named Lujiazui. In the third year of Ming Jiajing (1524), Lu Shen built houses on this land, and built "Korakuen Garden" and "Yushan Jingshe" as retreats. Hou Lu Shen was given a sacrifice and burial, and the right attendant of the ceremonial department, Yu Wenyu, that is, was buried next to The Land of Korakuen.
More than 400 years later, Lujiazui is known as one of the most iconic areas of Shanghai. At the same time, it is also one of the symbols of China's reform and opening up.
2020 Mid-Autumn Festival Night, Xinhua News Agency
Today, riding on the neon of the city and the natural moonlight, along the Fangbang Road where the Lujia Stone Bridge was once erected, we walk to the Xiaodongmen area once known as Madame Gate, and then all the way to the east to the Huangpu River, you can look north at the lujiazui high-rise statues. Every month, at the moment of ascension on the river, many photography enthusiasts set up machines and wait in Puxi to capture a full moon and Lujiazui's "three-piece set" (Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai World Financial Center and Shanghai Tower). The moon's shadow still reflects the bridge, but it is just a bridge connecting the two banks of the Pujiang River today, a majestic picture that Shanghainese could not imagine more than 400 years ago.
Who first saw the moon on the riverbank? When did Jiang Yue shine at the beginning of the year? Life is infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue looks similar every year. I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water.
In the moonlight, this picture shows the legend of a Shanghai family and the legend of the city of Shanghai.
Caption image source: Xinhua News Agency Infographic Photo editor: Xiang Jianying
Source: Author: Shen Yilun