With this article, I would like to commemorate the eternal Queen, Elizabeth II!
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, real name Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, was born on April 21, 1926, and died on September 8, 2022, at the age of 96. Elizabeth II ascended the throne on 6 February 1952 and was crowned on 2 June 1953. As the longest-ruling monarch in British history, Elizabeth II was born in the most glorious period of Britain, and also experienced britain's most dangerous world war moments, ruling Britain for 70 years, is a well-deserved legend. After Elizabeth II's death, her eldest son, Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor, succeeded to the throne as King Charles III.
Elizabeth II is not only queen of the United Kingdom, but also queen of the other 14 Commonwealth kingdoms. The Commonwealth realm differs from the Commonwealth states in that it is a term for a constitutional monarchy in the Commonwealth that enshrines the British monarch as head of state. In Commonwealth kingdoms outside the United Kingdom, the Queen appoints a Governor-General as her plenipotentiary representative on the nomination of the Country's Prime Minister. The Queen has different titles in the various Commonwealth kingdoms, in the United Kingdom she is called "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and other territories and dependencies, Head of the Commonwealth, Protector of Christianity Elizabeth II", and in Canada she is called "Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada and their territories and territories, head of the Commonwealth, guardian of the faith", and in other countries the titles are shown in the table below.
Following Barbados' withdrawal from the Commonwealth Kingdom in 2021, the Commonwealth Kingdom has 15 additional members, namely the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, the Kingdom of New Zealand, Jamaica, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Saint Kitts and Nevis. It is important to note that the 15 members of the Commonwealth Kingdom are not 15 countries, but 17 countries. The problem arises in the Kingdom of New Zealand, which is not the Oceanian country of New Zealand, as it is commonly referred to, but as a United Nations of New Zealand, Niue and the Cook Islands. More on that below. The Commonwealth Kingdom has a total area of 18.73 million square kilometers, accounting for about 14% of the total area of 197 countries; The total population is 150 million, accounting for about 2% of the world's total population.
(i) United Kingdom
The official full name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is united. England and Scotland merged in 1707 to form the "Kingdom of Great Britain", which was renamed "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" after the annexation of Ireland in 1801. In 1922, the 26 counties of south-central Ireland broke away from the United Kingdom to form the Irish Free State (the predecessor of the present-day Republic of Ireland) and eventually became the present United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is the Chinese customary name, the standard abbreviation is "United Kingdom", the English abbreviation is uk.
The United Kingdom itself is made up of the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland and a series of smaller islands, with a land area of 244,000 square kilometers (half the size of the mainland's Sichuan province) and a population of 67.11 million in 2021 (80% of the population of the mainland's Sichuan province). In addition to the mainland, there are 14 Overseas Territories whose sovereignty is vested in the United Kingdom but not under the united Kingdom establishment, of which Akrotiri and DeQuelia, the British Indian Ocean Territory in Asia, Gibraltar in Europe, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Africa, the Pitcairn Islands in Oceania, Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, the Turks and Caicos Islands in North America, the Falkland Islands in South America, south Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in Oceania, As a result, the UK is the only country in the world that spans seven continents. In addition to the Antarctic Territory, the 13 Overseas Territories cover a total area of 18,000 square kilometers and have a population of about 190,000.
(b) The Kingdom of New Zealand
The Kingdom of New Zealand includes five parts: New Zealand, cook islands, Niue, Tokelau and the South Pole Rus' Territory. The English name of the Kingdom of New Zealand is Real of New Zealand, while the English name of New Zealand is New Zealand, and the Chinese names of the Kingdom of New Zealand and New Zealand are easily confused, but the English name is not confused. The Kingdom of New Zealand is not a member of the United Nations, nor is it one of the 197 countries in the world, but the name of a commonwealth of countries that exists only within the Commonwealth.
On the world map, New Zealand looks so small that it is often overlooked on the map. New Zealand actually covers an area of 271,000 square kilometres, ranking 75th out of 197 countries in the world, between Burkina Faso and Gabon, and 27,000 square kilometres larger than the United Kingdom itself.
The Cook Islands, located in the South Pacific Ocean, belong to the Polynesian island group, an archipelagic state of 15 islands with an area of 236 square kilometers; In 2020, the resident population was 15,000, and about 62,000 people lived in New Zealand, all holding New Zealand passports. The Cook Islands do not have a strong sense of existence, the popularity is not high, many people do not know its existence, many people think that it is just an archipelago, not as a country. In fact, the Cook Islands are a country whose territorial extent is the Cook Islands. The Cook Islands are not a member of the United Nations, but have diplomatic relations with more than 50 countries, including China, France, Japan, Germany and Australia.
Niue is a polynesian island group located in the south-central Pacific Ocean, with an area of 260 square kilometers; With a permanent population of 1630 in 2020, it is the least populous country in Oceania and the second least populous country in the world. About 62,000 Other Niue people live in New Zealand and hold New Zealand passports. Although not a member of the United Nations, Niue has diplomatic relations with more than 20 countries, including China, France, Japan, India, Australia and Brazil.
The Governor-General of New Zealand is the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Queen of New Zealand, but in the Cook Islands and Tokelau, the Governor-General is represented by the Queen of the Cook Islands and the Chief Executive of Tokelau, respectively. The Cook Islands and Niue are autonomous states that maintain free association relations with New Zealand. The New Zealand Parliament does not have the power to pass bills unilaterally, but its foreign and defence affairs are the responsibility of New Zealand; Tokelau is a territory under the jurisdiction of New Zealand, and Tokelau's autonomy referendums in 2006 and 2007 were rejected. Thus, with the addition of the Cook Islands and Niue, the number of member states of the Commonwealth Kingdom is 17 instead of 15.
(c) Royal dependencies
Royal dependencies include Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea. Usually people pay little attention to the royal dependencies and treat them as part of Britain. Although they are not sovereign states, they make their own laws, have their own medical systems, and issue their own currency, much like sovereign states. Bills adopted by the United Kingdom Parliament do not normally apply to Royal Dependencies, nor do treaties concluded apply to Royal Dependencies, and the United Kingdom Government is responsible only for defence and foreign affairs. However, residents of the Royal Dependencies are British citizens. The Queen is the titular Head of State and the Head of Administration is the Chief Minister.
Jersey, officially known as the Bailiwick of Jersey, comprises Jersey and the two surrounding uninhabited islands, with an area of 116 square kilometers and a population of about 100,000. Officially known as the Bailiwick of Guernsey, Guernsey covers an area of 78 square kilometers and has a population of about 60,000. The Isle of Man covers an area of 572 square kilometers and has a population of about 80,000.
#Death of Queen Elizabeth II ##King Charles III of the United Kingdom ##英联邦国家 #
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