The sudden appearance of the Maya civilization 3,000 years ago was as mysterious as its sudden disappearance. Where did this high civilization come from? Why did it suddenly disappear? Where did it go again? More than 400 years ago, Western scholars began to notice that there may be a deep connection between the Mayan civilization and ancient China.
In 1858, a boy was born in Daling Village, Denengdu, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. When he was 14 years old, that is, in 1872, he was admitted to the first batch of young children to study in the United States, becoming the first batch of official students in the Qing Empire. This boy was Ouyang Geng, a diplomat known in the late Qing Dynasty. On August 11, Ouyang Geng and a group of 30 other young children who went to the United States arrived in the United States, stayed at New Haven Elementary School in Manhattan, New York, and entered New Haven High School after graduation, and finally graduated from Yale University. Among Ouyang Geng's classmates was a famous person in modern history, zhan Tianyou, China's first chief railway engineer. The two of them completed the 16-year course in nine years.
In 1881, the two graduated from college at the same time, returned to China together, and became the first young children to graduate in the United States. Ouyang Geng has a cousin named Ouyang Ming. This person was extraordinary, and he served as the prefect of Zhizhou Prefecture in Beijing, and was also awarded the titles of Senior Political Doctor and Hua Lingbu Political Secretary. After Ouyang Geng's return to China, Ouyang Ming happened to be serving as the consul general of the Qing Dynasty in San Francisco, and he greatly appreciated Ouyang Geng's talent, so he recruited Ouyang Geng to the San Francisco Consulate as an intern, and later let Ouyang Geng take over the position of prime minister, and Ouyang Geng worked in this position for more than 20 years. By 1910, a revolution to overthrow the dictatorship had broken out in Mexico across the Pacific that lasted nearly a decade.
There were four rebel forces at the time, the Madro faction, the Orosco faction, the Magunite faction and the Zapatista faction. But with each other, they often turn against each other. In the midst of this chaos, 311 local overseas Chinese were killed by revolutionaries who did not know which group. When the news reached Beijing, the Qing government immediately sent Ouyang Geng to Mexico to negotiate, not wanting this trip to South America to lead to an ancient historical suspense.
Ouyang Geng
After Ouyang Geng arrived in Mexico, with his extremely honest and rigorous style of handling affairs, he began to negotiate with the Mexican side, and finally won a considerable amount of compensation for the victims, each victim was compensated according to the local 10,000 Mexican silver dollars, and another 200,000 yuan of commercial investment compensation, a total of more than 3.31 million yuan, which was a fairly successful diplomatic project. Ouyang Geng was very satisfied with the results of the compensation, and on the second day after the case was closed, a group of people invited outside the door of the ambassador's mansion where he lived, and when he went out, there were more than 100 people, and the black pressure stood in a piece, quietly standing at the gate.
It turned out that these petitioners were representatives of a local Indian family, and after they heard that Ouyang Geng had successfully helped the overseas Chinese killed in the war to obtain compensation from the Mexican government, they came to ask Ouyang Geng to help them also ask for compensation from the Mexican government. Because in the chaos of this revolution, 750 Indians were killed.
Ouyang Geng thought to himself, this seems a little too outrageous, although I am a Qing court diplomat, but I can not represent the Indians to deal with the problem between the Indians and the Mexican government, so he said very politely: "It seems that I have no right to claim compensation from the Mexican authorities on your behalf?" "The representatives of these Indian families were anxious as soon as they heard it, saying why can't you represent us?" Our bloodline is the most authentic Chinese, aren't you Indians? How is it related to Chinese ancestry? Ouyang Geng was puzzled, so the Indians told such a story.
3,000 years ago, in the last year of the Shang Dynasty, King Wu of Lu was overwhelmed by the brutality of the King of Lu and fought a decisive battle in Makino on behalf of The Heavenly Path. At that time, the main army of the King of Lu was on an expedition, and the distant water could not save the near fire. At the Battle of Muye, the King of Sui was defeated and the Zhou Dynasty was established, and this expeditionary army learned that the Shang Dynasty was dead, but refused to surrender to Zhou, but could not return to its homeland. At that time, the Zhou Dynasty was initially established, and the foundation was not yet solid, and King Wu of Zhou wanted to send troops to attack this expeditionary army, but just when he was preparing to send troops, this expeditionary force suddenly disappeared out of thin air.
According to historical records, in the same period, a new country appeared in the Americas called The Japanese Empire. Later archaeologists in Mexico found some small figures made of jade in some sites, which were engraved with oracle bones from the Shang Dynasty period. Archaeologists have interpreted the oracle bones and found that they are some of the sacrificial terms recorded above. It seems that this Japanese country may have been established by this Shang Dynasty army. However, according to the historical records, this Japanese country existed for only 100 years, and then the descendants of the merchants continued to go south, through Mexico, and finally to the north of present-day Peru.
The Indians who came to the residence of Ambassador Ouyang Geng said that they were descendants of the Yingfeihu family in this expeditionary force, called the Yin Fubu clan. The Indians are their self-designation, translated as Chinese Yin merchants. In addition, the Yin Fubu tribe also has Yin Fei Eagle, Yin Fei Leopard, Yin Fei Snake, Yin Fei Dragon, Yin Fei Rabbit and other tribes. When they see each other every day, when they eat and before going to bed, they must say hello to each other and wish the Yin people peace in the new land. And all the Indians looked to the West to worship their ancestors, saying that their ancestors came from the West. The incarnation of the ancestor is the black thunderbird, commonly known as the great black bird. The origin of this great blackbird can be found in the oldest Chinese verse.
The Book of Poetry, Shang Song, and Xuan Bird says: "Emperor Zhao, one of the Five Emperors of the Ancients, his second concubine Jian Di, saw a bird egg during a bath, swallowed it, and became pregnant and gave birth to the ancestor of the Shang Dynasty. "The Xuan character of this Heavenly Destiny Xuan Bird is the meaning of black, and the Xuan Bird is the Black Bird, that is to say, the Ancestor Qi of the Yin Shang is the reincarnation of the Xuan Bird, and the Xuan Bird has become the ancestor of the Shang." Therefore, the Book of Poetry records that "the Xuan bird landed on the human world, and the merchants of the Shang Dynasty appeared to be the subjects of the Xuan Bird." "So the Indians said that their ancestors were the Great BlackBird, were they the remnants of the Shang Dynasty who descended from the Heavenly Destiny Xuan bird and gave birth to the Shang Dynasty?"
After Ouyang Geng listened to the sincere wish of the Yin Fubu people in Mexico, he immediately reported to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing Dynasty. However, the regent Zaifeng made a very hasty reply, saying that the Indian Yinfubu people claimed to be Chinese, had no basis in law, claimed compensation, and were very good, and were crowned. Among the overseas Chinese, there is no worldly march of the Yin people to move east, and it is rumored that it is difficult to do three thousand years of history. It seems that the legend is a legend after all, and without conclusive evidence, how can people believe that the Indians are the remnants of the Merchants?
Walter Henry Medhurst
The earliest claim that the Yin people crossed the East to the Americas to become Indians came from the British translator Medhurst. In 1846, while translating the classical Chinese document Shangshu, he discovered that after king Wu had cut down the silk, the 100,000 troops commanded by Marquis Xi of Yin Shang had mysteriously disappeared. Combined with the archaeological discoveries in the Americas, the hypothesis was put forward that the Yin people fled across the sea, encountered a storm on the way, and were blown to the Americas. Later, the American scholar Michael Kong published The First Civilization in the Americas in 1968, proposing that the Olmec civilization appeared in history very close to the time of the Great Storm that Medhurst said.
In the 1920s and 1930s, archaeologists unearthed 16 emerald statues at laVin, the olmec site in mexico's southeastern gulf. The faces of these statues resemble Chinese, and the heads are artificially modified high heads, which are exactly the customs advocated by Yin Shang. The "Yanzi Spring and Autumn" records that "soup, long head and little hair", refers to this custom.
Fifteen of the 16 statues are arranged in concentric circles, facing a red jade statue. Behind the red jade statue stand six jade turtle plates, which are engraved with handwriting similar to the Yin Shang oracle bone and gold script. According to research, the handwriting on these jade gui plates is engraved with the name of the ancestors of the Yin people. However, these still do not seem to prove that the Indians are the remnants of the Yin merchants.
By 1993, a well-known geneticist and evolutionary biologist had put the legend to rest. Douglas Wallace, an American geneticist and evolutionary biologist, pioneered the field of human mitochondrial genetics and was the first to use mitochondrial DNA as a molecular marker. In 1993, when he conducted research and analysis of native American DNA, he found that the genetic genes of Native Americans were basically the same as those of modern Chinese. Thus, the legend that native Americans did have a relationship with the Chinese became a reality. But the question is, how did this merchant expeditionary force cross the ocean and cross the Pacific ocean to the Americas?
The people of the Yin Fubu tribe told Ouyang Geng that 3,000 years ago, their ancestors came to the Americas from heaven through the pontoon bridge of heaven and migrated from island to island to cross the sea. Confucius's "Ode to Poetry and Commerce" has: "The land is fierce, and it is loaded overseas." Xiang Tu was the 11th king of the Shang Dynasty. According to this record of Confucius, the source of the expansion of territory in the Yin Shang period has reached the Bohai Sea, which shows that the shipping technology of the Shang Dynasty period was already very developed.
From the map, we can clearly see that from the East China Sea through the Korean Strait to the Japanese archipelago to the Kuril Islands, and through the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula to the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific, it is possible to reach Alaska in the Americas. The Aleutian Islands on the map resemble a pontoon bridge connecting Asia and the Americas, and the distance between the islands is mostly only about ten or twenty nautical miles, which is a real natural pontoon bridge in the North Pacific Ocean.
Legend has it that 3,000 years ago, during the Yin Shang period, the Arctic was not yet frozen, and there was a huge clockwise circulation warm current in the North Pacific Ocean, called the Kuroshio Warm Current. If you sail along this circulation, ships can reach the west coast of North America without raising a sail, and then the Kuroshio current disappears after the Arctic freezes. Not far to the south of this natural pontoon bridge, it is this famous Kuroshio warm current. When the tide is favorable, north America can be reached even by small boat. If 3,000 years ago, merchant immigrants could easily reach the Americas through natural pontoon bridges and kuroshio currents, does that mean that Indians are descendants of ancient Chinese?