Groupers belong to the order Perciformes, living in temperate and tropical seas, mostly inhabiting coral reefs and crevices of seabed rubble, and do not migrate long distances. Groupers are variable in color, often brown or red, with stripes and spots, and are warm water large and medium-sized marine fish. Grouper is rich in nutrients, the meat is tender and white, similar to chicken, known as "sea chicken". Grouper on the market is considered a valuable seafood. The so-called precious seafood, one is rare in quantity, the second is difficult to catch, and the third must be delicious meat and teeth, rich in nutrients. Groupers are arguably the proudest of temperate and tropical seafood. Grouper is also a low-fat, high-protein high-quality edible fish, which has been promoted by Hong Kong and Macao as one of the four famous fish in the mainland, and is an essential dish for high-end feasts.
Because grouper often preys on fish, shrimp and crabs, it will also ingest the astaxanthin rich in shrimp and crabs, and for humans, grouper has become astaxanthin-containing food. Astaxanthin (Astaxanthin, also known as astaxanthin in Japan, Hong Kong and Macau) is a super natural extracellular antioxidant that was first isolated from lobsters in 1938. It is also the only antioxidant that can achieve the function of delaying the aging of organs and tissues. Grouper also contains astaxanthin, and the fish skin gel of grouper enhances the complete growth of epithelial tissue and promotes the synthesis of collagen cells in an important substance called dimethyl sulfone (MSM); The "collagen" is high-fat is very easy to be oxidized, so it must be used with antioxidants to achieve the effect of beauty and skin care. Because grouper has both dimethyl sulfone (MSM) and astaxanthin, it has the title of "beauty and skin care fish".
Because of the wide variety of groupers, delicate and colorful, each face value kills other fish, it is easy to make people look at the eyes, but you can still use some skills to distinguish.
Although grouper identification is difficult, it is not impossible ~ There are more than 160 species in 16 genera in the world, and more than 60 species in 9 genera distributed along the coast of China.
The identification process is shown in the drawing:
First, look at the tail. If it is crescent-shaped rather than circular or truncated, it is the genus Variola lateral bass. There are only two species in this genus, the white-sided perch with the white-sided tail fin end is the white-sided perch Veriolaalmarginata, and the yellow-sided is the lateral perch Variola louti.
After excluding the Genus Variola, let's count the dorsal fin spines. If there are 7-8, it is the genus Plectropomus gill perch, and the Eastern Star Spot (Leopard gill perch Plectropomusleopardus) is the genus Oh ~ See the figure below:
If there are 9 dorsal fin spines, it is Cephalopholis or Aethaloperca. Because the smoking perch Aethalopercaroggaa is a single species, it looks like this, the whole body is black, and sometimes there is a white spot on the abdomen, so it is also easy to identify, if it is not it, it is the genus of the nine-spined perch.
If the dorsal fin spines are 10-11, it is more complicated ~ they may be Anyperodon light-jawed perch, Cromileptes humpback perch, Triso iris, Hyporthodus or Epinephelus grouper. Fortunately, the first three are all single species, and it is easy to identify them by looking at the pictures:
First come anyperodonleocogrammicus white line light palate perch, characterized by a long body, pointed head and tail, red spots on the body, and longitudinal white stripes throughout the body:
Next is cromileptesaltivelis humpback perch, which is also known as the mouse spot, which should be familiar to everyone. It is characterized by a small mouth, a high back, and small black round spots on the body, which are cute and can be used as ornamental fish:
Finally, there is the Trisodermopterus iris, which is characterized by its oval shape, brown or olive color, small eyes, short snout, the beginning of the dorsal fin is earlier, and the spines of the dorsal fin are connected to the soft stripes, without gaps:
Hyporthodus is a taller, darker body color, the ventral fin is generally directly below or in front of the pectoral fin, and there are only two species distributed along the coast of China, namely the Hyporthodusseptemfasciatus grouper
and Hyporthodusoctofasciatus Eight Banded Grouper:
If none of the above is true, it is the species of grouper genus ~ Grouper is the most abundant genus under the grouper family, accounting for nearly two-thirds of all species.
Rock hind. [Epinephelus adscensionis].
It lives near rocky reefs, usually living alone, and eats mostly crabs and fish. It is a benthic fish that lives in waters between 1 and 120 m deep. It is found in the Western Atlantic: Massachusetts and Bermuda to the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and southern Brazil. Atlantic Ocean: Ascension Island and St. Helena. It may also exist near the Canary Islands, Cape Verde and South Africa. It is a high economic value edible fish and swimming fishing, and has a record of sherrel poison. Appearance characteristics - dorsal fin: 11; Dorsal fin soft strip: 16-17; Caudal fin : 3; Caudal fin soft strip: 8. The maxilla is scaleless and the anterior gill cap is rounded. The gill lid has three spines, the one in the middle being the largest. The ventral fin is shorter than the pectoral fin and shorter than the longest dorsal fin. The bottom has fins that cover the scales and the skin is thick and soft. There are red spots on the head, body and fins, which grow larger and larger to the abdomen.
Bronze grouper [Epinephelus aeneus] white grouper
Distributed in the west African sea in the east Atlantic region, habitat depth of 20-200 meters, body length of up to 120 cm, inhabit the sandy mud bottom, rocky bottom sea, for the benthic fish, is a carnivorous, this is a female pre-mature hermaphrodite, cephalopods, fish, crustaceans for food fish and swimming fishing.
Epinephelus akaara Hong Kong grouper/Red-spotted Grouper
Commonly known as: over fish, grouper, red over fish, red spot
In 2006, it was selected by the World Wide Fund for Nature as one of the Ten Treasures of the Ocean, and is a edible fish with high economic value. The meat is delicious, steamed or boiled ginger shredded clear soup is suitable. Live fish is sold as seafood in Hong Kong and is the most expensive grouper sold in Hong Kong. Because the fish is a symbol of auspiciousness in Chinese culture, it was once a popular edible fish in Chinese wedding feasts. It is found in the Western Pacific, including the South China Sea, Taiwan, East China Sea, Korea and southern Japan, India, and the Philippines. Northern, eastern and southern Taiwan produces abundantly. Overfishing has led to a sharp decline in the population, and artificial red-spotted groupers are now farmed. The coastal area of Fujian is from May to September, May to June is the peak spawning period, and Hong Kong and Taiwan are from April to July. Maximum total length 58.0 cm; The typical total length is 30.0 cm
White-edged grouper [Epinephelus albomarginatus] White-edged Rockcod
Distributed in the western Indian Ocean region, from Mozambique Quissico to south Africa's East London sea, inhabit depths of 10-100 meters, body length of up to 100 cm, inhabit the reef area, benthic fish, carnivorous, feeding on fish, cephalopods, can be used as food fish.
[Epinephelus amblycephalus] Banded Grouper, Bighead Grouper
Common names: black dot lattice, black dot lattice, grouper, over fish, middle ditch
It is found in the western Pacific Ocean, extending from the Andaman Sea to southern Japan, Taiwan, Chinese mainland, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Arafra Sea, northern Australia, and the Fiji Islands. Juveniles hide in reefs in shallower waters and are often seen in tide pools. Fishermen often catch juveniles and then raise them in cages or ponds along the coast. Adult fish have strong swimming ability and are mostly alone. High-value, economical food fish suitable for a variety of cooking methods.
Epinephelus analogus Spotted grouper
Rock Bass Spotted Cabrilla, Spotted Cabrilla, Rock Bass
Grouper grouper, one of the rayfin fish perch suborder bass, distributed in the eastern Atlantic region, from southern California to Peruvian waters, habitat depths up to 50 meters, body length up to 114 cm, inhabited in rocky reef areas, benthic fish, group activities, carnivorous, crustaceans and other feeding, can be used as edible fish and swimming fishing.
Epinephelus andersoni
Common name: Brown-spotted Rockcod, Catface Rockcod
Grouper ann's, one of the ray-finned perch suborder bass, is distributed in the sea from South Africa to Mozambique, inhabiting depths of up to 50 meters, body length up to 87 cm, inhabit coral reefs, reef areas, benthic fish, carnivorous, feeding on fish, crustaceans, etc., can be used as edible fish and swimming fishing.
Epinephelus areolatus Areloate grouper
Common names: rogue checker, glutinous mig, gem spotted fish, overfish, salmon, grouper
It is widely distributed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Kawazuru Nato (South Africa) in the west, Fiji in the east, Japan in the north, Arafra in the south and Australia in the north. In recent years (2003) it has also been documented in Tonga (a South Pacific island country), but it appears to be absent in Micronesia (Western Pacific Island Group), Polynesia (Island Group in the Central Pacific) and islands in the Western Indian Ocean. It is distributed along the southeast coast of the mainland, Hainan Island and Taiwan Island.
Epinephelus awoara Yellow Grouper
Commonly known as Banded Grouper, green spotted, green fin, mud spot, grouper
It is a coastal warm-water middle and lower class fish, distributed in the western North Pacific Ocean, mainly produced in the South China Sea and the south of the East China Sea, especially in the South China Sea. Blue grouper has a very high nutritional value, according to research and analysis, its muscle amino acid composition is relatively close to the composition of human amino acids, rich in protein and calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins and other nutrients, but also contains a variety of taste amino acids, so the taste is particularly delicious, for one of the best seafood precious fish, its live fish sell well in Hong Kong, Macao and other places. Artificial aquaculture has developed rapidly in the southern coastal areas such as Guangdong and Fujian.
Epinephelus bilobatus Frostback Cod
Common name: Spotfin grouper, Twinspot grouper
White-backed grouper, one of the ray-finned perch suborder Bass, is distributed in Western Australian waters, inhabiting depths of 4-50 m, body length up to 33 cm, inhabiting rocky bottom waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, living habits are unknown.
Epinephelus bleekeri Duskytail grouper
Common names: grouper, overfish, erythematous, red spotted salmon
It is found in the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, from the Persian Gulf to the waters of Indonesia, extending north to Taiwan and south to the northern coast of Australia. It is distributed along the fujian coast of the mainland, Taiwan Island, and Penghu. Maximum body length 76 cm. Edible fish that are economical can also be farmed artificially. The general fishing method is to catch with a trawling net and a fishing stick. Steamed and eaten.
Epinephelus bontoides Palemargin grouper
Distributed in the western Pacific region, including Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, solomon islands, New Britain, habitat depth of up to 30 meters, body length of up to 30 cm, inhabit the sandy bottom of the sea, is carnivorous, life habits are unknown. The type origin of this species is on Ambon Island. Small and medium-sized groupers, not economic species. Occasionally, it is caught with longlines or bottom trawls, and the production is extremely rare. Edible.
Epinephelus bruneus Longtooth grouper
Common names: earth carp, earth ditch dragon, false oil spot
Brown grouper has a narrow distribution area, mainly in the northwest Pacific Ocean, north to South Korea, Japan (range can be north to Hakura Island, 37 °50 ′N), south to China (Hong Kong, Hainan Island and Taiwan coast). Maximum body length: 128 cm, general body length: 60.0 cm, maximum weight: 33.0 kg. It is an economical edible fish and can also be farmed artificially. Can be eaten steamed. Brown grouper, similar to the cloud grouper, is a cold and warm water (adapted to water temperature 5-32 °C) reef fish, due to the lack of success in artificial breeding, the current fry mainly from wild fishing, so the culture yield is not high.
Epinephelus caninus Dogtooth grouper
It is found in the eastern Atlantic region, from Portugal to Angola, including the Mediterranean Sea, inhabiting depths of 30-200 m and body lengths of up to 157 cm. Inhabiting sandy and muddy sedimentary waters, it is a benthic fish, carnivorous, feeding on fish and invertebrates, and can be used as food fish.
Epinephelus chabaudi Moustache Grouper
Grouper Cha, one of the rayfined perch suborder bass, is distributed in the western Indian Ocean region, including Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa and western India, inhabiting depths of 9-300 meters, body length up to 137 cm, benthic fish, carnivorous, life habits are unknown, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus chlorostigma Brownspotted grouper
Common name: Dense spotted grouper
Located in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, it extends from the Red Sea to KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) in the west, to the east (including Madagascar) to the western Pacific Ocean, north to Japan, and south to New Caledonia. Maximum body length 80cm. The mainland is produced in the south China Sea Islands, Hainan Island, Taiwan, Guangdong coastal and other places.
Epinephelus cifuentesi Olive grouper
Grouper of Theophorus, one of the rayfined perch suborder bass, is distributed in the eastern Pacific region, including the Galapago Islands, Costa Rica and other seas, inhabiting depths of 40-120 meters, body length of up to 100 cm, benthic fish, carnivorous, life habits are unknown, high economic value of food fish.
Clipperton Island grouper [Epinephelus clippertonensis] Clipperton Grouper
Clipperton Island grouper, one of the rayfined perch suborder bass, is distributed in the Middle East Pacific region of Clipperton Island and other seas, inhabiting depths of 10-20 meters, benthic fish, carnivorous, life habits are unknown.
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus Whitespotted grouper
Also known as: blue-spotted grouper
It is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, extending from east Africa to east London (South Africa) and east to Tonga. The distribution of the Red Sea is unknown, but it occurs in the Persian Gulf and Oman. It is produced in various parts of Taiwan, especially in Penghu and the southern seas. Eat fish with crustaceans. Live fish sellers in Hong Kong. Maximum total length 76.0 cm
Epinephelus coioides Orange-spotted grouper
Common names: safflower, red spot flax, erythema, green spots
It is found mainly in the Red Sea, reaching as far south as Durban (South Africa), as far east as the Palau and Fiji Islands, as far north as the Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to the Arafra Sea, and north to Australia (Randall and Heemstra 1993). They will also migrate from the Suez Canal to the eastern part of the Mediterranean coast. Economical edible fish has been experimentally farmed. Steamed and eaten. In the past two or three years, it has replaced spot bander as an important farmed fish in Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan provinces. Due to its delicious meat, rich nutrition, strong stress resistance, fast growth, bright body color, high and stable market price, it has become more and more favored by consumers and farmers. In recent years, the cultivation of groupers in the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong and the southern coast of the mainland has developed rapidly and has become a leader among groupers. Maximum body length: 120cm, maximum weight: 15.0kg, maximum age: 22 years
[Epinephelus corallicola] Coral grouper coral grouper
Common name: black barracer
It is found in the western Pacific Ocean and is found in Thailand, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Extends eastward to Solomon and the Mariana Islands, including Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, Christmas Island, Micronesia, Babula New Guinea and Palau, and south to northern Australia. The maximum total length is 49.0cm
Epinephelus costae, Goldblotch Grouper, Golden Grouper
Brown line grouper, one of the rayfin fish perch suborder bass, distributed in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, inhabit depths of up to 200 meters, body length of up to 140 cm, living in sandy muddy bottom waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, crustaceans, fish, mollusks as food, can be used as food fish.
Epinephelus cyanopodus Speckled blue grouper
Aliases: Also known as high-body grouper, bluefin grouper, Purple Rockcod, Blue Maori, Yellowfin Grouper
It is found in the western Pacific Ocean, from southern Japan to southern Queensland (Australia), the Gulf of Thailand, and eastward to Fiji, the Micronesian Islands (except the Mariana Islands) and Tonga. It is found in the southern, eastern, northern and penghu waters of Taiwan. Economical edible fish are also often displayed in aquariums. It can be easily caught by anglers at night. It mainly eats fish and crustaceans that inhabit sand, such as snake eels and box crabs. There are live fish sellers in Hong Kong. Maximum total length 122 cm; Maximum weight: 17.3 kg
Epinephelus daemelii Saddletail grouper
Aliases: Safflower, Red Spot Tiger Hemp, Erythema, Blue Spot Black Rockcod, Orangespotted Rockcod;
It is found mainly in the Red Sea, reaching as far south as Durban (South Africa), as far east as the Palau and Fiji Islands, as far north as the Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to the Arafra Sea, and north to Australia (Randall and Heemstra 1993). They will also migrate from the Suez Canal to the eastern part of the Mediterranean coast. Economical edible fish has been experimentally farmed. Steamed and eaten. In recent years, it has replaced the spot band grouper as an important farmed fish in Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan provinces. Due to its delicious meat, rich nutrition, strong stress resistance, fast growth, bright body color, high and stable market price, it has become more and more favored by consumers and farmers. In recent years, the cultivation of groupers in the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong and the southern coast of the mainland has developed rapidly and has become a leader among groupers. Maximum body length: 120cm, maximum weight: 15.0kg, maximum age: 22 years
Epinephelus diacanthus Spinycheek grouper
Double-spined grouper, one of the suborder bass of the rayfin fish order Perciformes, is distributed in the Indian Ocean region, from the Gulf of Oman to madras, India, Sri Lanka, habitat depth of 10-300 meters, body length of up to 55 cm, living in sandy muddy bottom waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as edible fish. The body is pale brownish grey and often covers five dark vertical bands wider than the spacing, four of which appear in the lower part of the dorsal fin and the fifth (most obscure) on the caudal stalk; The head and body abdominal margins are often pink or red; Dark maxillary stripes vaguely extend to the lower edge of the anterior gill cap; The fins are earthy grey with no spots.
Epinephelus drummondhayi Calico grouper
Distributed in the Western Atlantic: Bermuda and the U.S. coast from the Florida Keys in North Carolina and in the northern and eastern gulfs of Mexico. From Cuba and the Bahamas. Grouper des chrysoters are found at rocky bottoms offshore, most commonly at 60 to 120 m.
Epinephelus epistictus Dotted grouper
Common name: small striped grouper
It is widely distributed in the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean, extending eastward from South Africa and the Red Sea to Babal new Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to the Gulf of Carpentania and northwestern Australia. Edible fish, which is one of the less delicious fingerlings among groupers, is suitable for steaming or braised pork. Maximum total length 80.0 cm; Common total length 70.0 cm ; Maximum weight: 7.0 kg
Epinephelus erythrurus Cloudy grouper/Cloudy rock cod
It is an Indo-West Pacific species that ranges from Pakistan to India, including the Lakdève Islands (India) and Sri Lanka, the larger East Indies and the Gulf of Thailand. Red-brown groupers are coral reef fish that inhabit estuaries or bays with a muddy or sandy bottom. It is carnivorous and can be used as an edible fish. In general, when the body length reaches 16.3 cm, mature egg cells can be found in the fish. The maximum body length is 43cm
Twenty-nine Spotted grouper [Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus] Rock grouper
Alias: Spotted grouper.
Spotted grouper ( Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus ) is a species of grouper in the family Perciformes of the family Perciformes , commonly known as pseudo-blue grouper , which can inhabit depths of up to 20 m and body lengths of up to 30 cm. Distributed in the western Pacific Region, from southern Japan to the Sarawak Sea of Borneo, inhabiting the coral reef area, it is carnivorous, feeding on fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc., and can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus fasciatus Redbarred rockcod
Aliases: black-edged grouper, horizontal banded grouper, red-spotted, red heron, scarlet sea bass; Blacktip grouper;
The meat is delicious, high-value economic fish, suitable for steaming or boiling clear soup. It is distributed in the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean, stretching from the Red Sea to Alfred (South Africa) in the west, running through the western and central Pacific Oceans, and is one of the most widely distributed groupers. Its natural habitats are lagoons, inner bay areas and coastal reef areas or rocky areas at water depths of 4-160 meters. Feeds on crabs, cockroaches and small fish. The general fishing method is to catch a fish, a spear or a drift gillnet. Maximum total length 40.0 cm, common length 22.0 cm, maximum weight: 2.0 kg.
Nest grouper [Epinephelus faveatus] Barred-chest Grouper\Indian Grouper
Nest grouper, one of the rayfined sea bass suborder bass, distributed in the eastern Indian Ocean region, including southern India, Sri Lanka, southern Indonesia, habitat depth of 1-30 meters, body length up to 32 cm, living in shallow coral reefs, rock reefs, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as edible fish.
Yellowedge grouper
Adults have yellow fins. The small juvenile fish is about half blue and half yellow. It is found off the indian Ocean, from the southern Gulf of Aden to Port Alfred (South Africa) and eastward to Sumentana (Indonesia), including islands in the western Indian Ocean. The distribution of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf is unknown. Maximum total length 90.0 cm; Common total length 45.0 cm; Maximum weight: 15.0 kg
Brown-marbled Grouper [Epinephelus fuscoguttatus] Brown-marbled Grouper
Aliases: tiger spot, tabby, overfish, brown spot grouper
It is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea. It extends along the east coast of Africa to Mozambique, east to Samoa and the Phoenix Islands, north from southern Japan, and south to Australia. It is produced in the southern, western, northeastern and penghu regions of Taiwan. It belongs to warm water nearshore and coral reef fish, living in coral reefs and lagoons with clear water quality, carnivorous, feeding on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans, and can be used as edible fish, farmed fish and ornamental fish, and has reported reports of sheka fish poison. Maximum total length 120 cm; The typical total length is 50.0 cm
Aman grouper [Epinephelus gabriellae] Multispotted Grouper
Omani grouper, one of the ray-finned perch suborder Bass, is listed by the IUCN as a secondary conservation animal, distributed in the western Indian Ocean region, from Oman to Somalia, habitat depth 6-88 meters, body length up to 52 cm, living in rocky bottom waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as food fish.
West African grouper [Epinephelus goreensis] Dungat Grouper
Aliases: Redbanded Grouper, Grouper, JawEd Grouper, JawEd Grouper, Spotted Grouper, Spotted Grouper
West African grouper, one of the rayfin fish perch suborder Bass, is distributed in the eastern Atlantic region, from Mauritania to the southern sea of Angola, inhabiting depths of 80-300 meters, up to 140 cm in length, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as a food fish.
Epinephelus guttatus Red hind
Body length up to 76 cm, distributed in the western Atlantic region, from north Carolina to Brazil, habitat depth of 2-100 meters, living in shallow coral reefs, rock bottoms, benthic fish, carnivorous, crustaceans, fish, octopus and other food, can be used as edible fish, swimming fishing and ornamental fish. Red-spotted groupers live to 17 years. The average length of the red-spotted grouper is 40 cm, the maximum length is 76 cm and the maximum weight is 8.3 kg.
Epinephelus heniochus Bridled Grouper
Common name: three-line grouper
It is a tropical western Pacific species that ranges from Indonesia to the island of Papua New Guinea and includes the Philippines, the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, northern Australia and the island of New Britain. It is also found as far north as Japan and Korea. Inhabiting depths of 40-235 meters, body length of up to 35 cm, living in sandy mud bottom waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus hexagonatus Hexagonal Grouper
Aliases: Hexagonal Lattice, Grouper, Flower Dot Lattice, Perch, Honeycomb Grouper, Star-spotted Grouper
Its natural habitat is the waters of the coastal independent coral reef area. It feeds mainly on fish and crustaceans. For delicious edible fish, suitable for a variety of cooking methods. Due to its abundant production, it is a common fish species in the fish market. The typical origin of this species is in Tahiti.
Epinephelus howlandi Blacksaddle Grouper
Aliases: Grouper, Howland Island Rock Cod, Blacksaddle Rockcod
Distributed in the western Pacific Region, from the Ryukyu Islands to the Sea of Samoa, it inhabits depths of 1-37 meters, with a body length of up to 55 cm, living in coral reefs and rocky seas, it is a benthic fish, a carnivorous fish, and can be used as a food fish and ornamental fish.
Somali grouper [Epinephelus indistinctus] Somali Grouper
Somali grouper, one of the ray-finned perch suborder Bass, is distributed in the somali waters of the Western Indian Ocean, inhabiting depths of 70-80 meters and reaching a body length of up to 80 cm, it is a benthic fish, carnivorous, and its living habits are unknown.
Epinephelus irroratus Marquesan Grouper
Common names: Oceania grouper, grouper spinosa
The large spiny grouper, one of the rayfin fish perch suborder bass, is distributed in the waters of the Macquesas Islands in the Pacific Ocean, inhabiting depths of up to 50 meters and up to 34 cm in length, living in coral reefs, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus itajara Atlantic goliath grouper
A large saltwater grouper , one of the suborder bass of the order Perciformes of the order Rayfinfish. Grouper can reach a very large size, reaching 2.5 meters in length and weighing up to 363 kg. It inhabits corals and artificial reefs in shallow tropical waters , feeding on crustaceans , other fish , octopuses and juvenile turtles.
Epinephelus labriformis Starry Grouper
Nickname: White-spotted grouper.
California grouper, one of the rayfin fish perch suborder bass, distributed in the eastern Pacific region, from the Baja California Peninsula to the Peruvian sea, inhabit depths of 5-30 meters, body length of up to 60 cm, living in rocky bottom waters, benthic fish, solitary activity, carnivorous, fish-feeding, breeding period in the summer, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus lanceolatus Queensland groper
Common names: broad-fronted perch, dragon bass, gentian grouper, overfish, gunhead grouper, inverted crab, mandarin duck fish, purple grouper
It is the largest of the groupers, so it is also known as the "spotted king". The saddle band grouper is considered one of the most iconic marine life of Queensland, Australia. It is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea, from the Gulf of Agoa (South Africa) on the east coast of Africa in the west, to Pitcairn Island in the east, including the rare Hawaiian Islands (usa) and micronesia, north to southern Japan, and south to northwestern Australia. It is produced in the waters of northeast Taiwan. The standard body length is 145~1310mm, the maximum total length is 270cm, and the common total length is 190cm. Saddle band grouper is a large grouper with fast growth rate, good meat quality, high edible value, and is a high-quality grouper with good breeding prospects. In recent years, China's Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan and other southern coastal areas have successively carried out artificial breeding of saddle band grouper, and achieved good breeding benefits. However, at present, the artificial breeding and seedling breeding of Chinese saddle band grouper is still in the experimental stage, although some enterprises have made breakthroughs in artificial breeding technology, but the production technology is not yet mature, and the production effect of seed cultivation is unstable, which restricts the development of saddle band grouper culture.
Epinephelus latifasciatus Striped grouper
Common name: broad spotted bass, broad band grouper
It is found in the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean, extending from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to northwestern Australia. It is produced in China in the South China Sea and the southern part of the East China Sea. Juveniles are greyish purple or brownish grey with a gradient of white along the ventral side; A white longitudinal band covering two black edges, with the upper longitudinal band extending from the upper part of the orbit to the back of the dorsal fin, and the lower longitudinal band extending from the lower part of the orbit to the lower part of the caudal fin; The dorsal and caudal fins are covered with black spots and bands; The white longitudinal band of the adult fish disappears, and its dark edges split into short lines and spots; The head and body of larger adults are grey. Maximum body length 157 cm SL ; Common total length 70.0 cm TL; Maximum weight: 58.6 kg
Forty-six, the mysterious grouper [Epinephelus lebretonianus] Mystery grouper
Distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, it can reach a length of up to 25 cm, and it is a benthic fish, which is carnivorous and has unknown living habits.
Epinephelus longispini Longspine Grouper
Aliases: Salmon Spot Grouper, Grouper Longthorn, Spotted Grouper, Streaky Spot Rockcod
It is found in the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean, from Kenya, bypassing Tanzania and Mozambique to South Africa (32°S) and extending eastward to the Vatubella Islands in the eastern part of the Banda Sea. It inhabits coral reefs or rocky areas, and can sometimes be found on sandy bottoms. It is a carnivorous food, feeding on crabs, squid, fish, etc., and can be used as edible fish. It feeds mainly on crustaceans , especially crabs and crustaceans. It can be used for Chinese herbal medicines. Maximum total length 55.0 cm; Maximum weight: 2.7 kg
Epinephelus macrospilos Snubnose Grouper
Large spotted grouper, one of the rayfined perch suborder bass, distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, from southern Kenya to Natal, South Africa, east to the waters of the Maksas Islands, inhabit depths of 1-30 meters, body length of up to 51 cm, inhabit the lagoon, coastal reef waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, crabs, squid, fish and so on, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus maculatus (Epinephelus maculatus] Highfin Grouper
Distributed in India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan and the South China Sea, Taiwan Hengchun and other seas, habitat depth of 2-100 meters, body length of up to 60.5 cm, juvenile fish live in shallow coral gravel areas, adult fish live in coastal reefs, coral reefs, carnivorous, crustaceans, fish and other food, can be used as edible fish, ornamental fish, there are reports of snowfish poison. The type of origin of this species is in Southeast Asia.
Epinephelus magniscuttis Speckled Grouper
Spotted grouper, one of the rayfined perch suborder bass, distributed in the western Pacific Region of India, including Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Reunion, Philippines, Australia, New Ireland, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga and other seas, inhabit depths of 50-300 meters, maximum weight: 50 kg, body length of up to 150 cm (male fish), inhabit deep-water coral reefs, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as a food fish.
Epinephelus malabaricus Malabar grouper
Common name: salmon grouper, maraba grouper
It is found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, stretching from the Red Sea and eastern Africa to the Comoros Islands, Madagascar, Seychelles, India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and northern Japan. It includes the southern and northeastern parts of Taiwan and the waters of Orchid Island, Green Island and Penghu. Maximum total length 150 cm ; Common total length 100 cm; Maximum reported weight 150 kg. Because of its tender flesh, delicious taste and rich nutrition, it is popular in the market at home and abroad, and is an edible fish with high economic value, and is one of the important farmed fish in southwest Taiwan.
Epinephelus marginatus Dusky grouper
Also known as: Eastern Atlantic grouper
It has been listed as an endangered conservation animal by IUCN, distributed in the Eastern Atlantic Region, from the Bay of Biscay in France to South Africa, the Southwest Atlantic Region, including Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, the Western Indian Ocean region, including southern Madagascar, Mozambique, Reunion Sea, inhabiting depths of 8-300 meters, body length of up to 150 cm, inhabiting rocky bottom waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, crabs, octopus, fish, etc., for high economic value of edible fish and swimming fishing.
Epinephelus melanostigma One-blotch grouper
Aliases: Black Grouper, Schultz's Rockcod, Black-spot Grouper, Blackspot Honeycomb Goupe
It is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, extending from KwaZulu-Natal (Republic of South Africa) to Mauritius and the central Pacific Ocean. The distribution of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf is unknown. Maximum total length 35.0 cm; The common total length is 25.0 cm. Edible fish, the meat taste is quite sweet, suitable for cooking soups. Due to its small size, it is a rare species and is of little or no commercial importance.
Honeycomb grouper [Epinephelus merra].
Common names: reticulated grouper, honeycomb checker, hexagonal checker, butterfly spot, cow dung spot, grouper, overfish, flower grouper, etc.
One of the most widely distributed and common small groupers in the Indo-Pacific, east-west distribution from South Africa to Pitcorn Island except the Middle East, the Indian Extension coast and the Hawaiian Islands; Extend north to southern Japan and south to Lord Howe Island. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Guangxi, Fujian. It is a common fish species along the coast, which is abundant in production and is also a fish species displayed in aquariums. In general, the fish species caught are small, so it is more appropriate to cook soup. The general fishing method is to catch by hand, spear and cage.
Netfin grouper [Epinephelus miliaris].
Common names: netfin grouper, black grouper, net bander
The reticulated grouper is an Indo-Central Pacific species that ranges from East Africa (excluding the Red Sea and persian Gulf) to the Gilbert Islands and Samoa and northward to the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Maximum length: 43.0 cm SL male / male and female have not been identified;
Epinephelus morio Red grouper
The head with body is reddish-black in brown color, and the color changes to pink or reddish below. The gill cap has as the largest of 3 flat spines, one central, the ventral fin is shorter than the pectoral fin, and the interspinnous membrane is not serrated. Distributed in the western Atlantic region, from North Carolina to the southern waters of Brazil, habitat depth of 5-330 meters, body length of up to 125 cm, inhabit the rocky, sandy bottom waters, for benthic fish, carnivorous, fish, invertebrates, etc., will be sexual transformation, first female and then male, can be used as edible fish, swimming fishing and ornamental fish.
Epinephelus morrhua Comet Grouper
Nicknames: Suspension Bridge Grouper, Bow Grouper, Banded-cheek Reef-cod, Contour Rockcod
The fish is found from the Red Sea and the Western Indian Ocean to the central Atlantic Ocean, and in China it is found along the coasts of Chinese mainland and Taiwan. The habitat is deep, non-important edible fish, the meat taste is mediocre, the head should be boiled in a sand pot fish head or clear soup, rich in gum.
Epinephelus multinotatus White-blotched grouper
Also known as spotted grouper, spotted grouper, white spotted grouper
Distributed in the Indian Ocean region, from the Persian Gulf to southern Mozambique, east to western Australian waters, habitat depth of 1-100 meters, body length of up to 100 cm, for benthic fish, is a carnivorous, feeding on fish, crustaceans, etc., can be used as food fish. The body height is high, and the sides of the body have irregular white spots of different sizes. The posterior margin of the caudal fin is curved inward.
Fifty-nine, light black grouper [Epinephelus nigritus] Warsaw grouper
It inhabits depths of up to 30 m and body lengths of up to 49 cm , and generally inhabits shallow waters in silt reef areas , sometimes found in estuarine areas. It is a benthic fish that is carnivorous, feeding mainly on fish and crustaceans. Can be used as edible fish. It is found in the Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico , Massachusetts , Cuba , Trinidad and Tobago , and Rio de Janeiro. It has been rated "Critically Dangerous" by the IUCN. Maximum length: 230 cm. Maximum weight: 198.1 kg.
Epinephelus niveatus Seabass
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to the Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, the Caribbean and southern Brazil, and also centrally and from the U.S. coast to southern Suriname. Adults appear quite offshore on the bottom of the rocks. Juvenile fish may be found in coastal areas and are often recorded as adults eating fish, gastropods, cephalopods and crustaceans on the east coast of the United States. Valuable commercial edible fish.
Epinephelus octofasciatus Eightbar grouper
Common names: salmon, grouper, overfish, big black cat, bander, grouper, grouper
It is found in the Indian Ocean in Somalia and South Africa and in the western Pacific Ocean from Japan to Australia and New Zealand. It is branched in China along the coast of Taiwan. Maximum body length: 130 cm TL male/female not yet identified; Maximum weight: 80.0 kg ; Maximum age: 43 years. The general fishing method is longline fishing, drift gillnets and a fishing catch.
Epinephelus ongus White-streaked grouper
Common names: overspring, flower dog spots
Distribution: The fish is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, from the east coast of Africa (northern Mozambique to Kenya) to the Ryukyu Islands and southern Fiji, with the addition of Doña and northern Australia. In the Red Sea this fish was replaced by its close relative, the White Star Grouper. It has also been found in Malaysian waters. It is a soft-water coral reef and coastal fish that prefers to inhabit rocky shallow seas. It is a carnivorous fish that feeds on small fish, shrimp, crabs and other arthropods. Edible fish with economic value, suitable for steaming.
Epinephelus poecilonotus Dot-dash grouper
Common name: glass grouper
The fish is an Indo-Pacific species that travels from the east coast of Africa to Japan, South Korea, the South China Sea, the taiwan coast, Vietnam and Fiji. The Red Sea and persian Gulf are unknown. It inhabits deeper habitats, produces little, and is not the main economic food fish. The general fishing method is longline fishing, drift gillnets and a fishing catch. Braised pork is best served. The maximum total length is 65cm, and the maximum weight is 4kg.
Epinephelus polylepis Smallscaled grouper
Distributed in the western Indian Ocean region, including the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, Pakistan, western India and other seas, belongs to the marine bottom fish, inhabiting depths of 33-100 meters, body length of up to 61 cm, for benthic fish, is a carnivorous, can be used as an edible fish.
Epinephelus polyphekadion Camouflage grouper
Common name: small tooth grouper
It is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical West Indo-Pacific Ocean, from the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa to French Boutolínesia. In Western Taipingyang it is found from southern Japan to Queensland and Rhode Island. It is also found off the coast of Taiwan. Experimental artificial reproduction has been conducted. The maximum body length is 90cm.
Epinephelus polystigma White-dotted Grouper
Distributed in the inmath of the western Pacific, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands waters, habitat depth of 1-46 meters, body length of up to 48 cm, living in estuaries, mangroves, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as food fish.
Epinephelus posteli Striped-fin Grouper
Grouper bours, one of the rayfined sea bass suborder Bass, is distributed in the waters of Madagascar in the western Indian Ocean, inhabiting depths of 20-50 m, body length up to 100 cm, living in reef areas, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as edible fish and swimming fishing.
Epinephelus quernus Hawaiian grouper
Eastern Central Pacific: Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Island. The maximum body length can reach 122 cm and the maximum weight can reach 22.7 kg. It generally inhabits waters with a depth of 20 - 380 meters. Edible fish and crustaceans.
Sixty-nine, hawksbill grouper [Epinephelus quoyanus] Longfin Grouper
Aliases: Black catfish, flower fish, deep water salmon Rockfish grouper; Barred-chest rock-cod; Longfin rockcod
It is widely distributed in the Malay region of India, from Andaman Island to New South Wales (Australia) and from Western Australia (Shark Bay) to the north to South Korea and Japan. It is produced in all parts of Taiwan, and the Penghu lake produces more. It inhabits coral reef areas where detritus is inshore, and juveniles are often found in tide pools. Feeds on crustaceans, small fish and worms. Economical small to medium-sized edible grouper. The general fishing method is to catch a drift gillnet, a trap method, a longline net and a fishing net. Steamed and eaten.
Epinephelus radiatus Oblique-banded Grouper
Nicknames: Electric Grouper, Oblique-banded Rockcod
It is found from the Red Sea to Japan, and in China along the coast of Taiwan. It mainly inhabits deep reef areas, with juveniles generally inhabiting depths between 18-20 m and adults between 80 and 383 m. Feeds on fish, crustaceans and molluscs. 121~158mm, maximum total length 128 cm; The typical total length is 60.0 cm. The type of origin of this species is in Madras, India.
Epinephelus retouti Red-tipped Grouper
Nicknames: Red-tipped grouper, Brownback Cod
It is found on the islands of the tropical Indo-Pacific: Bassas da India (Mozambique Strait), Madagascar, Reunion Island, Mauritius, Chagos Archipelago, Christmas Island (east, Indian Ocean), Indonesia (Bali Sea outside Lombok), Taiwan, Japan (Okinawa, Izu Islands), Palau, New Credonia, The Lane Islands, American Samoa, Society Islands and Civil Engineering Islands. It mainly inhabits deep reef areas, with juveniles generally inhabiting depths between 20-40 m and adults between 70 and 220 m. Feeds on fish, crustaceans and molluscs. The maximum body length is 50.0cm, the normal body length is 30.0cm, and the maximum weight is 2.0kg.
Halfmoon Grouper
Nicknames: Half-moon grouper, Grouper, Yellow-sided grouper White-dotted Grouper, Chinaman Rockcod
It is widely distributed from the Western Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific Ocean and south to the temperate waters of South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. It is spread around China in the Chinese mainland and Taiwan Straits. The habitat is diverse, including coral reef areas, rock reef areas, seaweed bed areas, etc., which can be seen from a depth of 1-150 meters. Feeds on fish and crustaceans. Maximum body length 45cm; Maximum weight 1.4kg
Epinephelus sexfasciatus Sixbar Grouper
Distributed in Africa, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan and the South China Sea and other seas, habitat depth of 10-80 meters, the head and body of the fish is light grayish brown, the side of the body has several dark brown vertical stripes, the dorsal fin, tail fin and ventral fin dull gray, pectoral fin light gray or orange red, the fin is densely covered with dark spots, the chin and ventral parts of the head are sometimes reddish brown, the body length can reach 40 cm, inhabit the sandy mud bottom sea, for benthic fish, carnivorous, feeding on fish, crustaceans, can be used as edible fish. The type of origin of this species is in Java.
Epinephelus socialis Surge grouper
Widely distributed in the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, habitat depth of up to 3 meters, body length of up to 52 cm, living in shallow water reef areas, benthic fish, carnivorous, crustaceans, fish and other food, can be used as food fish.
Epinephelus spilotoceps] Foursaddle Grouper
Nicknames: Kissing grouper, grouper, overfish, squid, Spotty Cod, Four-saddle Grouper
It is widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, from the east coast of Africa (from southern Zanzibar to Ponta Zavora in Mozambique) to the Lane Islands in the central Pacific Ocean. In addition to its distribution off the coast of Africa, it is basically a quarantine species. Living in reef areas, it is a benthic fish, carnivorous, and can be used as an edible fish and swimming fishing. Maximum body length: 35 cm
South Sea grouper [Epinephelus stictus] Black-dotted Grouper\Six-banded Grouper
South China Sea grouper, one of the ray-finned perch suborder bass, distributed in the western Pacific Region of India, including China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Hainan Island, the South China Sea, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Australia and other seas, habitat depth of 60-142 meters, the head and body back of the fish yellow-brown, white abdomen, body side with 5 diagonal stripes and countless black-brown small fine spots, dorsal fin hard spines 11; 15-16 dorsal fin strips; 3 fin spines; The fin is 8 soft strips, up to 33 cm long, living in continental sheds, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus stoliczkae Epaulet Grouper
The gargoyle grouper, one of the rayfined perch suborder bass, is distributed in the western Indian Ocean region, from the Red Sea to pakistan, inhabiting depths of 5-50 meters, up to 38 cm long, living in shallow sandy bottom waters, benthic fish, carnivorous, can be used as an edible fish.
Nassau grouper [Epinephelus striatus].
It is mainly distributed in the tropical western Atlantic and the West Indies of the Caribbean Sea, and in recent years the population of Nassau grouper has declined significantly due to overfishing and a long breeding period. In addition, their spawning areas are easy to find by fishermen, so they are often caught during the breeding season. It has been listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The governments of the United States, the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas have also banned their capture. Nassau groupers live solitary and are not shy, and divers can approach them at any time and forage during the day, mainly eating other fish and tiny crustaceans.
Epinephelus summana Summan\Edgeblack\Suman grouper
Distributed in the eastern Indian Ocean region, from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden, habitat depth of 1-20 meters, body length of up to 52 cm, living in coral reefs, lagoons, benthic fish, carnivorous, life habits are unknown, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus tauvina] Greasy grouper
Common names: grouper, overfish, standing hay
The fish is found from the Red Sea to the bottom islands of southern Africa and the Pitcairn Islands, the easternmost atoll in Oceania; In the western Pacific Ocean it is found in the Southwest Wales and Rhode Island of Japan. The fish is more distributed on islands than on the mainland coast, but it is also found in mainland areas where coral reefs are better developed (such as Akbar Bay). Maximum body length: 75 cm. The general fishing method is to catch longline nets and a fishing line.
Epinephelus timorensis Yellowspotted Grouper
The Timor grouper, one of the rayfined seamen, is one of the suborder bass of the order Perciformes, distributed in the waters of Western Australia, Samoa and the Phoenix Islands, with a depth of 73-210 meters and a body length of up to 26.5 cm.
Epinephelus trimaculatus Threespot Grouper
Three-spotted grouper, one of the suborder bass of the rayfin fish order Perciformes, is distributed in the northwest Pacific Region, including southern Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, china, habitat depth of up to 30 meters, body length of up to 50 cm, living in coral reef areas, benthic fish, carnivorous, life habits are unknown, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus tuamotuensi Reticulate Grouper\Snakeskin Seabass
Tuamotu grouper, a species of rayfin fish in the order Perciformes suborder Bass, distributed in the waters of the Tuamotu Islands in the Middle East Pacific Ocean, inhabiting depths of 120-250 meters, body length up to 66 cm, living in coral reef areas, benthic fish, carnivorous, unknown living habits, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus tukula Potato cod
The large blue grouper is one of the largest fish in the sea and is often seen by diving enthusiasts. It usually lives in the tropics and is one of the largest species of grouper. It is found in the Indo-Western Pacific Region, from the Red Sea, East Africa to Queensland, Australia, and inhabits depths of 10-150 m, body lengths of up to 200 cm, and weight of 110 kg. Living in coral reef areas, it is a benthic fish, carnivorous, feeding on fish, crustaceans, etc., and can be used as edible fish and swimming fishing. It is found along the coast of Taiwan and the South China Sea.
Epinephelus undulatostriatus Red-speckled Rock-cod
The vermicular grouper, one of the ray-finned perch suborder Bass, is distributed in the Australian waters of the western Pacific Region, inhabiting depths of 27-80 meters, up to 61 cm long, living in coral reef areas, benthic fish, carnivorous, unknown living habits, can be used as edible fish.
Epinephelus undulosus Wavy-lined Grouper\Midwater Rockcod
It is found in the northern Indian Ocean (Kenya, Somalia, Yemen, Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden, Lakdève Islands, India, Sri Lanka and Andaman Islands) and is also found in Indonesia, Sarawak, New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and the Philippines. Inhabiting sandy and muddy sedimentary waters, it is a benthic fish, which is carnivorous, feeding on fish, crustaceans, etc., and can be used as edible fish.
Recommended Practices for Grouper:
Grouper sashimi
Steamed grouper
White sap grouper
Fried grouper filer
Method:
1: After the grouper is removed, the fish is sliced, all vegetables are washed, and the powder is mixed and set aside.
2: Add the fish to the pickles to taste, then dip in the mixed powder.
3: Take the pot and fry the fish in recipe 2 with the flour, lay the bottom with vegetables, and then put the fish on the plate.