With the development of urban construction, three-dimensional greening has gradually become an effective measure to increase the amount of urban greenery and improve the urban ecological environment, and major cities across the country have begun to develop greening from plane to three-dimensional, which can play a role in expanding green space, reducing dust and noise pollution, improving air quality, alleviating heat island effect, and reducing building energy consumption under the premise of basically not occupying land.
What is three-dimensional greening?
Three-dimensional greening - all greening except flat greening, known as three-dimensional greening, is the use of plant materials along the façade of buildings or structures to climb, fix, plant, hang to form a vertical surface of greening. Including overpasses, building walls, roofs, slope protection, trellises, balconies, fences and various buildings and facilities on the greenery.
The development and prospect of three-dimensional greening
With the development of society, the state has also placed more and more emphasis on the construction of ecological civilization. It has been mentioned many times that "actively implement three-dimensional greening" and "see the seam and insert green", and the technology of developed countries such as Japan and Singapore has matured, which is an inevitable trend of social development.
In recent years, the land available for greening in cities (especially in old towns) has become increasingly tight, and vertical greening has become an important measure to improve the amount of urban greenery and beautify the urban environment. Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, etc. are cities where vertical greening is applied earlier; And with the development of society, vertical greening will have more room for development.
In the face of the rapid development of the city to bring about the situation of land and gold, and in the face of the green area is not up to standard, the air quality is not ideal, the urban noise can not be isolated and other problems, the development of three-dimensional greening will be one of the important ways of urban greening development.
Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional greening
Merit:
1. Dustproof, cooling, noise-proof, energy-saving. Vertical greening can decorate and improve the indoor microclimate, the indoor temperature with "green wall" can be reduced by 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C than the indoor temperature without "green wall", and the humidity is increased by 20 to 30%, and it can also isolate noise, absorb dust, and reduce pollution.
2, beautiful, three-dimensional effect is good. The main material of vertical greening is vines, there are many species, attached to climbing on railings or trellises to form a beautiful "green wall", such as grapes, climbing tigers, Lingxiao and so on.
3. Increase the green space rate and save land. Vertical greening can make full use of every inch of land to improve the green area and green coverage. Scientific and reasonable vertical greening can be repaid to the area occupied by buildings in equal areas or even several times, increasing the per capita green area by about 0.5 square meters.
Shortcoming:
1. Endangering buildings. Increase the pressure of the structure, worsen the cracks in the wall, and the sap secreted by the plants invades the wall, affecting the service life of the structure.
2. High maintenance cost. Indirect greening costs are high, and the cost of planting troughs and planting blankets is 1000-6000 yuan per square meter (the price is for reference only). Indirect greening is expensive to manage in the later stages, involving irrigation systems, structural systems, plant replacement, etc.
3, easy to attract small animals, harmful and beneficial animals are available.
Three-dimensional greenery in the form
1. Climbing/hanging
Climbing/hanging type is to use the adsorption, winding and other characteristics of vine plants to climb on the wall, or set up a mesh, cable or fence in front of the wall, so that the plant is wrapped around it, such as planting climbing tigers, rocks, ivy, fufang vines, green lotuses and so on. This kind of greening form is simple and easy, the cost is low, and the light and breathability are good. But the lack of climbing is also obvious, it has a single quality, limited height, long growth cycle, direct climbing plants, suction cups caused by wall leakage, dry season easy to cause fires and so on.
2. Swing pot type
Potted plants are grown in containers, placed directly on balconies, window sills, or hung on balconies, walls, fences, fences.
3. Cloth bag type
Cloth bag vertical greening is to directly lay soft plant growth carriers on the wall of waterproof treatment, such as felt, coconut fiber, non-woven fabrics, etc., and then sew cloth bags on these carriers, fill plant growth substrates in cloth bags, plant plants, and achieve vertical greening. The water supply can be infiltrated by infiltration, allowing the water to seep down the carrier.
4. Modular
The use of modular components to plant plants, through the reasonable lap or binding of various shapes of single components, it is fixed to the skeleton of stainless steel and other skeletons to achieve the greening effect of the wall. Its structural level includes: steel structure support, plant planting base plate, planting substrate, plant, automatic drip irrigation system.
Modular wall greening can be installed in the module according to the requirements of plants and patterns, pre-cultivated and maintained for several months, forming a variety of shapes and landscape effects of greening. The modular type has good durability and is suitable for large-area vertical greening with high difficulty.
5. Paving type
Directly lay the plant growth matrix or module on the wall, and the plant can be freely designed or patterned on the wall; Directly attached to the wall, no need to make another steel frame, and through tap water and rainwater irrigation, reduce construction costs; Thinner thickness, about 10 to 15 cm, with waterproof rooting function, which is conducive to protecting buildings; Easy to construct, good effect, etc.
Three-dimensional greening plant selection
1. Outdoor vertical greening plants
Suitable plants for the yang environment: in the area with better light conditions, it is suitable to choose light-loving, neutral and shade-intolerant plant species. For example, golden leaves, dragon boat flowers, red mulberries, hypericum, soft branches of yellow cicadas, golden rong, safflower step wood, duck foot wood, pocket coconut and so on. Suitable plants for the yin environment: in areas with poor light conditions, it is suitable to choose shade-loving, neutral and shade-tolerant plant species. For example, silver mowdan, nine incense, gardenia, large-leaf red grass, small-leaf Privet, TianmenDong, dragon spit beads, silver edge grass, large-leaf oil grass and so on.
2. Indoor vertical greening plant selection
Such as small spring feathers, butterfly white, lipstick, Phnom Penh rich bamboo, hanging orchid, peacock arrowroot, button fern, silver vein anchovy fern and so on.
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