1600 BC - 1046 BC
Shang, a dynasty in Chinese history after the Xia Dynasty, was established after the Defeat of the Xia Dynasty by Shang Tang, the leader of the Shang tribe of the Xia Dynasty.
The Oracle and Jin scripts of the Shang Dynasty are the earliest systematic symbols found in China.
I. Founding of the Shang Tang Dynasty: 1600 BC
Tang, surname, name, now known as Shang Tang, was the former leader of the Shang tribe.
After Tang intermarried with the Youxin clan, Yi Yin and Zhongyu [huī] were left and right, defeating Xia Jie at the Battle of Mingtiao, breaking the claim that the king Yongding was broken, and the Chinese dynasties began to change, known in history as the "Tangwu Revolution".
1.1 Zhongyu [huī]: 1600 BC
Zhongyu, after Xi Zhong, the left phase of Shang Tang, Yi Yin is the right phase.
The Zuo Chuan Ding AD year records: "Emperor Xue's ancestor Xi Zhongju Xue, thinking that Xia Chezheng, Xi Zhong moved to Pi. Zhongyu ju Xue, thinking that Tang Zuo Xiang". That is, after Zhongyu became Xi Zhong, the left side of Shang Tang lived in Xue. Xue, in present-day Teng County, Shandong Province, forty miles south.
1.2 The Tang Punishment: about 1600 BC
Tang Punishment is the general name of the laws of the Shang Dynasty, named after the founding monarch Tang.
The "Sixth Year of Zuo Chuan Zhaogong" records that "there is chaos in the government of the shang, and it is punished by soup", that is, there is chaos in the country, and this provision is issued to suppress the rebellion of slaves or commoners.
The Bamboo Book Chronicle says: "Zu Jia twenty-four years, re-enact the soup punishment", the soup punishment was not announced, the nobles at that time thought that the punishment was unknowable, then the threat was unpredictable.
1.3 Yi Yin: circa 1649-1549 BC
Yi Yin (伊尹), courtesy name, was a famous minister and politician in the early years of the Shang Dynasty, Yin, which means right phase.
Yi Yin is still a Chinese chef ancestor, he was originally a dowry slave of the Xin clan, and after marrying into Shang Tang, he served as a Shang Tang cook. Shang Tang admired Yi Yin's talent, so he removed him from his slave status and promoted him to prime minister.
Yi Yin put Taijia: Taijia was faint and incompetent when he ascended the throne, yiyin was soft and hard, and exiled Taijia to Tongdi (present-day Linzhang, Hebei) and built a palace to live for three years. It was not until Taijia regretted it that he welcomed Back Taijia and restored the government, turning Taijia into a holy monarch.
Yi Yin served in the Shang Dynasty Shang Tang, Wai Bing, Zhongren, Taijia, and Wo Ding of the Shang Dynasty for more than fifty years, and made great contributions to the Shang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Wodin (1549 BC), Yi Yin died of illness at the age of 100.
Later, Wodin buried Yi Yin next to the Shang Tang Mausoleum with the gift of the Son of Heaven.
1.4 Battle of Naruto: about 1600 BC
The Battle of Mingtiao, around 1600 BC, was fought between Shang Tang and xia armies at Mingtiao (present-day Xia County, Yuncheng, Shanxi).
The defeat of this war became a turning point in the demise of the Xia Dynasty, completing the first dynastic change of the Xia Shang Zhou.
1.5 The Fate of Jing Bo: about 1600 BC
Shang Tang moved north from the old capital of Shangqiu to Jingbo, gave orders to the world, conquered the four sides, and jointly held the "Order of Jingbo" conference with the princes of all parties, which won the support of three thousand princes and achieved the status of co-lord of the world.
The Rebellion of ii and IX: 1391-1315 BC
The Rebellion of the Ninth Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty began in Zhongding, and once declined, taking place within the royal family. In the early Shang Dynasty, the succession system for the throne was passed from father to son, brother to brother, but when the brother who succeeded to the throne died, the brother's son refused to return the throne to the brother's son, thus causing a chaotic situation of throne disputes.
This situation continued until the reign of Yang Jia, which lasted for five generations and nine kings, namely Zhongding, Wairen, Heqijia, Zuyi, Zuxin, Wojia, Zuding, Nangeng, and Yangjia, which is known as the Rebellion of the Ninth Dynasty.
The Rebellion of the Ninth Dynasty lasted for nearly a hundred years, and it was not finally ended until after Pan Geng moved to Yin.
3. Pan Geng Qianyin: about 1300 BC
The Shang Dynasty was initially located in Bo (亳, in present-day Shangqiu, Henan).
In the next three hundred years, the capital was moved five times. The fifth time, Pan Geng moved the capital from Yan (present-day Qufu City, Shandong Province) to Yin (present-day Anyang, Henan Province), historically known as "Pan Geng Qianyin", and later known as Shang as "Yin Shang".
4. Wuding Zhongxing: 1250-1192 BC
Wuding Zhongxing refers to the period during the reign of King Wuding of the Shang Dynasty, when the country was strong, the politics were clear, and the people were rich.
With the help of many male and female sages such as Ganpan, Fu Shuo, Poultry Dagger, daughter Xiaochentuo, and Queen Concubine Hao, Wu Ding, the Shang King, wuding, and so on, he annexed 81 enemy states, such as Tufang, Xiqiang, Gongfang, Ghost Fang, and Hufang, divided many new princely states, spread the Yin Shang culture to the Yangtze River Valley, and strengthened the integration with all ethnic groups in the northwest. Oracle bones and gold scripts were heavily used, jade inscriptions began to appear, plate buildings and copper-tin-lead ternary alloys were invented, and large tracts of wasteland were reclaimed. Hetian Jade was even found in the tomb of Lady Hao, which shows that the influence of the Yin people at that time had reached the Western Regions, which became the most prosperous period of the Shang Dynasty.
Wu Ding made great contributions to the economic development, cultural progress, and territorial expansion of ancient China, surpassing any monarch in the pre-Qin period.
Therefore, the history books refer to the 59 years of Wuding's reign (1250 BC - 1192 BC) as "Wuding Zhongxing".
4.1, the queen mother pentyl
Houmu Pengding (司母戊鼎), a bronze square ding used for royal sacrifices in the Shang Dynasty, is named after the inscription "Houmu Peng" on the inner wall of the abdomen. "Mu Peng" is the temple number of Wu Ding's wife and concubine concubine (jǐng), which may have been cast for Zu Geng or Zu Jia to sacrifice his mother, and is now in the National Museum of China, which is a national first-class cultural relic.
Shanghou Mother Pengding is 133 cm high, 110 cm long, 79 cm wide and weighs 832.84 kg.
On January 18, 2002, it was included in the "Catalogue of the First Batch of Cultural Relics Prohibited from Export Exhibition" by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as a national first-class cultural relic.
4.2 Women's Good: about 1200 BC
Woman Hao, temple number Mother Xin, one of the more than sixty wives of king Wu Ding of the Shang Dynasty, the name is good, woman is a title for relatives, the earliest female politician and military figure recorded in Chinese history.