【First-line narration】
Editor's Note
The Small Institute of Science and Technology is a kind of postgraduate training mode that integrates talent training, scientific and technological innovation, and social service - the postgraduate training unit will be stationed to the front line of agricultural production for a long time, and on the basis of completing the study of theoretical knowledge, it will focus on studying and solving practical problems in agricultural and rural production practice, and strive to cultivate high-level agricultural application-oriented talents who know, love and prosper agriculture. Recently, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the China Association for Science and Technology issued the "Notice on Supporting the Construction of a Number of Small Science and Technology Academies", which determined to support the construction of 780 small science and technology institutes in 68 postgraduate training units.
On the occasion of the new semester of the new academic year, we invite five young students from the science and technology academy to feel the charm of the science and technology academy and the responsibility of contemporary Chinese youth in their stories of knowing the farmers, loving the farmers and rejuvenating the farmers.
In Quzhou County, Hebei Province, Ye Songlin (left), a graduate student at China Agricultural University, explains corn planting knowledge to villagers. Xinhua News Agency
With wisdom and sweat to "turn green into gold"
Narrator: Lei Renqing, a 2020 master's student in the College of Resources and Environment of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
When my mentor Wu Liangquan planned a professional master's training program for me for the next three years, I was deeply attracted by the small science and technology institutes in many programs.
As soon as the Spring Festival last year passed, I came to the Pinghe Grapefruit Science and Technology Courtyard. I was shocked by the sight in front of me: the grapefruit garden was dotted with patches of green. The grapefruit industry is the pillar of economic development in Pinghe County and the main source of income for farmers, where 90% of the agricultural population is engaged in grapefruit-related industries.
When I first arrived, I was a bit overwhelmed. The brothers and sisters enthusiastically took me to understand the small courtyard of science and technology, and the first stop was to visit Lin Xinmin, a farmer of science and technology. Before 2016, Master Lin, like many grapefruit farmers around him, blindly pursued high yields and invested a large amount of chemical fertilizers, resulting in serious acidification of the soil of the grapefruit garden and a sharp decline in quality. According to his recollection, the amount of fertilizer applied before 2016 was 16 catties per tree. In view of this situation, the teachers and students of the Small Institute of Science and Technology proposed a plan to "reduce the input of chemical fertilizer by 50%". At first, he was skeptical: "Do you know grapefruit?" If we cut production, our whole family will have no harvest! After the teachers and students patiently popularized science and persuaded, Master Lin continued to cooperate with the small institute of science and technology with half faith.
Teachers and students selected 100 trees from Master Lin's house for a comparative experiment. In everyone's eager anticipation, the harvest season has finally arrived. Yield measurement found that after reducing the amount of fertilization, the yield of grapefruit did not decline, the quality was improved, each kilogram of grapefruit sold for 1 cent more, and each mu of grapefruit garden could save costs and increase income by 1600 yuan. Master Lin, who was overjoyed with the light of his eyes, has since followed the small institute of science and technology and continuously optimized various management measures.
After graduating from my brother and sister, I became the new dean of the Grapefruit Science and Technology Academy, and I felt that the burden was much heavier at once. Under the advice of the teacher, we started the training of grapefruit quality improvement and efficiency improvement technology into the village. During a training, the grapefruit farmer asked me, "What element is missing from this leaf, it is a little yellow." Undecided, I had to take out my mobile phone and ask my brother, although I answered the question of the grapefruit farmer, I felt that I was suddenly "exposed", and I was determined to strengthen my study. As a result, I gradually mastered a series of management techniques such as pruning of grapefruit rings, thinning flowers and fruits, fertilization, grass cutting, and control of common diseases and insect pests, and understood the meaning of "only on paper to finally feel shallow, and never know that this matter should be done".
We have also joined hands with the relevant departments of Pinghe County to organize a group of grapefruit farmers to learn new technologies through science popularization training and field observation, and have driven a group of scientific and technological farmers who understand science and love to share, and promote the green development of the grapefruit industry.
In June this year, the Pinghe Grapefruit Research Institute jointly established by Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and the Pinghe County People's Government was inaugurated, which will provide more scientific and technological support for the green and high-quality development of the grapefruit industry in Pinghe County and the revitalization of rural industries. As a resident graduate student of one of the earliest established small science and technology institutes in Fujian Province, I deeply feel the mission and responsibility of young people in the new era, and I am willing to sprinkle wisdom and sweat on this land to turn green into gold and benefit one party.
Gao Changpeng (first from left), a doctoral student at Ningxia University, and team members collect blood from sheep. Guangming Daily reporter Zhang Wenpan photo/Guangming photo
My scientific position is in the flock
Narrator: Gao Changpeng, a 2021 doctoral student in the College of Agriculture, Ningxia University
When I first arrived at the Zhongning Meat and Sheep Science and Technology Courtyard, it was still a hot summer. Under the leadership of our mentor, Professor Zhou Yuxiang, we began to have "intimate contact" with the sheep.
The first thing to get started is to learn to clean pens, clean sheep dung, trim wool, etc. It doesn't sound like technology, but it's the basic skill of raising sheep. What impressed me the most was catching sheep. The wool and sheep were only immune to herding the sheep first, that is, to drive the sheep to a certain place in the pen and then fence them up. But there are always a few "disobedient" sheep that force you to catch them. The first time I caught a sheep, I rushed up to catch one, and I saw that I was about to catch it, but it made a 360-degree turn and ran away. Finally, under the guidance of Master Wang, the breeder, I gradually grasped the essentials and grabbed a quasi-child.
Ningxia Tan sheep breeding has a long history, the efficient and safe feed is very important, we focus on this issue to carry out scientific research. Due to the high incidence of beach sheep and the low level of greening of breeding, the development or screening of antibiotic-free feed and feed additives that can enhance the immune function of animals has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. On the basis of the previous research, we are now "tackling" the systematic integration research and regional demonstration development of new substitute tannin products and compound Chinese herbal medicine substitute antiant additives, and gradually advancing through production practice and feeding experiments.
To raise sheep, you first have to pick the sheep. We meditate on the knowledge of books in our hearts: the beach sheep are medium in stature, the ram has a spiral-shaped horn, the ewe has no horns or has small horns... Combined with Master Wang's explanation, the sheep needed for the experiment were selected and grouped. With the sheep in place, we designed the diet formula with reference to the "Nutritional Requirements of Meat Sheep" (NY/T816-2021) and combined with the production practice of tan sheep, and carried out the processing of fully mixed diets at a local feed company.
During the breeding test, we followed Professor Zhou Yuxiang and the technical leader of the feed company to Xutao Township and Shouting Water Town in Zhongning County several times to provide breeding technical services and guidance. Whose sheep are sick, what medicine to take, what injections to take, what ingredients are missing from the feed, how to supplement, what stress responses the sheep have, and how to regulate, all within the scope of our service guidance. Seeing that our service worked, and the farmers' tightly locked brows stretched out, we couldn't mention how happy we were. It turns out that in the small institute of science and technology, knowledge, scientific research and practice are so tightly combined! We look forward to reaping more results and surprises in the courtyard...
Wu Jianbi, a graduate student at Hunan Agricultural University, inspects the growth of kiwifruit fruits in the kiwi fruit courtyard in Changputang Village, Phoenix, Hunan Province. Photo by Liu Ruiling/Guangming Pictures
Make a seed and let the three Xiang golden fruits be fruitful
Narrator: Wu Jianbi, a 2021 master's student in the College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University
In March this year, after completing a semester of theoretical knowledge study, my supervisor Professor Wang Rencai stationed me at the Kiwi Science and Technology Institute in Changputang Village, Phoenix, Hunan Province.
When we first arrived at the courtyard, kiwifruit was in its infancy, and we followed the base technicians and found an orchard with perfect facilities, flat terrain and convenient transportation as a demonstration test garden for the courtyard.
Early summer is the season of high incidence of kiwi canker disease. Local fruit growers are accustomed to cultivating kiwifruit in the open air, which is very susceptible to infection with germs in the wind and rain. We conducted a demonstration of rain shelter facilities in the small courtyard, explained and popularized the knowledge of rain shelter equipment for fruit farmers, and helped them build rain shelter facilities to make the income of fruit farmers more secure.
One day in June, the fruit farmer Lao Wang sent two photos of the kiwi branches of the bark broken, the leaves dead, and the plant as a whole was "dying". We immediately rushed to the base and found that these kiwi fruits were close to the ditch, and the water was not removed in time after the rain, and the roots were flooded for a long time. We prescribed the medicine, repaired the drainage ditch, and saved the kiwi fruit in the corresponding area.
Pollination and fruit thinning are also key to kiwi production. Due to the irregularity of pollination and fruit thinning by local fruit farmers, there is often a phenomenon of low fruit set rate and deformed fruits. We organize orchard technicians to explain theoretical knowledge and carry out practical training for surrounding fruit farmers. Pollination is standardized, and the quality of the fruit goes up. As soon as the fruit was set this year, the master of the fruit farm took the initiative to invite us to visit his orchard, and the joy in his heart overflowed into words.
We are like the seeds of "rejuvenating agriculture with science and technology, strengthening farmers with science and technology, and rich farmers with science and technology", with the help of the east wind of the small courtyard of science and technology, we float to this field of hope and take root, in order to float the fertile soil of Sanxiang full of golden fruit fragrance.
At the Sichuan Butuo Potato Science and Technology Institute, Yan Fengjun, a doctoral student at the College of Agronomy of Sichuan Agricultural University, inspects the original seed of the wupei potato. Xinhua News Agency
For "big red dates sweet and fragrant"
Narrator: Xie Jinchao, a 2021 master's student in the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University
After graduating from my undergraduate degree in July last year, I came to kunyu red jujube science and technology institute to do research and research with my brothers and sisters in the 224th regiment of the 14th division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
In tuanchang, after seeing the jujube trees in some orchards dying due to soil salinization and severely reducing production due to cracked fruits, my heart was as heavy as a weighing scale. When I returned to school, I consulted the literature while attending classes and discussed solutions to these problems with my teachers and classmates.
I took advantage of the winter vacation to preliminarily determine the test plan, and in March of the following year, I came to the small courtyard and began the trial of jujube water and fertilizer management. Due to the lack of unified standards for water and fertilizer management, farmers only rely on experience management, resulting in uneven quality of jujube fruits. Combined with research and literature, I continued to optimize the experimental protocol, fertilizing, watering, heartaching, and sprouting jujube trees, and my heart was full of hope.
In June and July, kunyu on the edge of Taklamakan had a daytime temperature of above 40 °C, and in the face of the sweltering heat, I worked and discussed with farmers in the fields, and came back at night to seize the time to sort out the material data for the day. In those days, I planted my heart in the jujube garden. In July, I found that there were many red spiders on the jujube tree, and immediately looked up information and contacted the teacher for help, timely disposal, and nipped the pests and diseases in the bud; After a while, I found that the red spider appeared again, so I immediately sprayed the jujube garden and forest belt for a second time under the guidance of the teacher, with remarkable results.
As a bridge between farmers and experts, I learn by doing and learning to improve the level of practice. Under the leadership of the teachers, more and more graduate students in the field of horticulture have gone to the regimental field and stationed in the company through the Kunyu Red Jujube Science and Technology Institute to carry out research on the actual production problems faced by the industry.
In the small courtyard of science and technology, taking root is the premise, and integration is the key. As an agricultural student, I will strive to provide scientific and technological support for the high-quality development of the jujube industry in southern Xinjiang, so that "the big red jujube is sweet and fragrant".
Two doctoral students from Lishu County, Jilin Province, China Agricultural University and Jilin Agricultural University measure maize photosynthesis in a test field. Xinhua News Agency
Many years of experience in small courtyards, a lifetime of deep affection for the land
Narrator: Tian Peiyu, a 2020 master's student in the College of Resources and Environment of Henan Agricultural University
In 2016, as a freshman, I joined the School Science and Technology Institute Association, and the following summer, I began a week-long life of science and technology academy with the summer social practice "three to the countryside" Linying Science and Technology Courtyard Team. Shortly after arriving at the small courtyard, I met a pepper grower who consulted me about breeding and breeding, and I was suddenly panicked, but fortunately, The sister of Li Ruike next to me gave the answer with confidence. Watching the smooth communication between the brothers and sisters and the farmers, I thought to myself, "When can I be like them?" ”
In 2020, I was admitted to graduate school and officially settled in Yuzhou Science and Technology Academy and became the person in charge of the small institute. Every May, the arrival of junior interns makes the courtyard lively. While we have to keep an eye on the field experiment, we must investigate and do social services, and life is very tiring but fulfilling.
One afternoon in July, a farmer came to the door and said that a cornfield in the family was not growing well, and wanted us to help find out why. After inspecting the field and asking the teacher, we were diagnosed with corn golden needle infestation, and it is recommended to use insecticides in the evening. Farmers said with admiration: "The small science and technology institute is really powerful, and it has solved the problem as soon as it comes." If only he could teach us more! "When all is said and done, we immediately organized a unique training session at his doorstep to talk about the identification and prevention of common diseases and pests of corn. The farmers listened very carefully and "liked" us after the end.
In the past two years, I have often communicated with my mentors Ye Liangyou and Wang Yang to determine the main contents of social services in the local area; Communicate with the local village committee from time to time to discuss the most effective form of activity; Talk to local farmers from time to time and find out what techniques they most want to learn.
In the face of the continuous drought in the local area since 2019 and the damage to corn production, the Science and Technology Institute took the initiative to ask for help and proposed to change the drought-tolerant crop millet. We actively introduce a number of excellent millet varieties, reclaim 50 acres of millet demonstration fields, and provide fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and other field management technologies as support. In the first year of the introduction of the planting system reform, we have been recognized by the local government, and the current millet planting area has reached 500 mu, and the Yuzhou Science and Technology Courtyard has also been recorded as an important part of the Kangcheng Village History Museum.
From my freshman year to my third year of research, I was always closely connected to the small academy of science and technology. Now, I'm about to graduate. I hope that more students will continue to hold this baton, so that we have a clear goal and relay services to the "three rural areas".
(Project team: Guangming Daily reporter Zhang Sheng, Gao Jianjin, Wang Jianhong, Zhang Wenpan, Yu Aihua, Long Jun, Li Hui, Wang Shengxi, Wang Simin Guangming Daily correspondent Yu Lian, Chen Xi)
Guangming Daily ( 2022-08-31 07 edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily