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In the western foothills of the Longgang Mountains in Huinan County, there is a "phoenix claw top", which is densely forested, overgrown with weeds, and inaccessible. Under the shade of the trees, there are more than 30,000 high-quality forest ginseng trees, which grow quietly without the intervention of artificial spraying and spraying, and the largest batch of ginseng has been 29 years old, and the ginseng seeds have fallen and taken root and sprouted countless times.
Zhang Yayu, an expert at the Institute of Special Products of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a post scientist of the national traditional Chinese medicinal materials industry technology system, told reporters that the forest ginseng produced by the "phoenix claw top" adopts the imitation wild conservation technology under the ginseng forest, without any medicinal residues, good shape, and higher medicinal value.
Known as the "King of Hundred Herbs", ginseng not only has medicinal value, but also a natural green tonic. In the mountainous areas of eastern Jilin Province, understory planting is very extensive. Zhang Yayu stood at the "top of the phoenix's claw", the noonday sun had just passed through the dense forest, and the scattered light just shone on a ginseng tree that had just been seeded, and the gentle slope under his feet was full of weeds and dead branches. "Such terrain and climate can protect high-quality forest ginseng," she said. ”
After years of research and practice, Zhang Yayu's team has formed a set of effective methods for the cultivation of wild ginseng under the forest. She said that taking soil selection technology as an example, factors such as light, moisture, temperature, and mountain potential that affect the growth and quality formation of ginseng under the forest directly affect the physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of the soil. In other words, the physical characteristics of the soil affect the formation of the root form of the ginseng under the forest, while the chemical characteristics of the soil affect the quality formation of the ginseng under the forest, and the characteristics of the soil microbial community affect the healthy growth of the ginseng under the forest.
"Chicken claw top" belongs to the Huinan County Longgang Mountain Ginseng Planting Professional Cooperative contracted forest land, the cooperative has been using Zhang Yayu and the research group to develop high-quality forest ginseng care technology, the head of the cooperative Cao Fa said: "Improper selection of mountains will lead to low seedlings in the forest, heavy diseases and other problems, combined with the slope, slope, slope and other mountain factors of the rational choice of forest land sowing, so that our mountain more than ten years of seedling retention rate of more than 30%, reducing the incidence of erythroderma by more than 80%. So not all mountains can develop high-quality forest ginseng. ”
A mature and high-quality understory ginseng cultivated by the Longgang Mountain Ginseng Planting Professional Cooperative can sell for thousands of yuan, which is in stark contrast to ordinary household ginseng for a pound of hundreds of yuan. Cao Fa, a former forester, has been experimenting with artificial ginseng seeds in the 1970s to grow in a natural state by sprinkling artificial ginseng seeds in the primeval forest. In 1987, he also contracted more than 700 acres of mountain forest to try to plant forest ginseng.
In the process of exploring the planting method of forest ginseng, Cao Fa cooperated with Zhang Yayu and his team to cultivate a forest ginseng with both shape and quality through the promotion and practice of high-quality forest ginseng conservation technology, and finally approached the performance and index of wild ginseng. Cao Fa took the lead in initiating the establishment of longgang mountain ginseng planting professional cooperative and Huinan County Forest Ginseng Association, supporting Huinan County Chicken Claw Dingye Mountain Ginseng Development Co., Ltd. to carry out the "company + cooperative + farmer" model.
Cooperatives and farmers sign planting agreements, provide seeds, technologies and acquisition standards to growers, implement the "six unified" new agricultural industrialization model of unified varieties, unified technology, unified management, unified acquisition, unified packaging, and unified sales, and the distribution of benefits is carried out cooperatively according to orders, each cooperative member has an equity certificate, and dividends are distributed according to shares at the end of the year.
At present, the cooperative has 326 ginseng farmers to join, planting more than 300,000 mu of ginseng under the mountain, with an average annual age of 7-8 years, of which the ginseng age area of more than 10 years is 200,000 mu, and the ginseng age area of more than 15 years is 100,000 mu. The construction of the base can absorb 28 idle rural laborers every year and engage in daily management and protection. Under the leadership of the cooperative, Huinan County has formed a forest ginseng care technology system and perfect technical operating procedures, and all the wild ginseng bases in the county are organized in accordance with green pollution-free standards.
In 2014, the high-quality forest ginseng care technology was awarded the National Achievement Transformation Project, and was applied and promoted in the main production area of Changbai Mountain, and the effect was remarkable through technical training services. Zhang Yayu and the members of the research group established the only evaluation technology of the forest mountain ginseng base in China, which was applied and promoted in the Changbai Mountains of Jilin Province to an area of more than 4,000 mu, with a production area of more than 2,300 mu in the past four years, and a new output value of more than 970 million yuan.
Produced by Jilin Daily
Planner: Jiang Zhongxiao
Author: Jilin Daily all-media reporter Feng Chao
Editor: Ma He