Pavilion Forest
Black pottery
Recently, Tinglin's "black pottery making skills" were included in the eighth batch of jinshan district intangible cultural heritage representative project list, which not only inherits the black pottery making skills, but also inherits the awe of the ancients and the continuation of the context.
As early as 2018, Shanghai Tuyuan Ceramic Science and Technology Center established the "Black Pottery Cultural Park" in Hongyang Village, Tinglin Town, and through a series of research and development, training and production, the "Tinglin Black Pottery" and its production techniques were brought to the public.
Black Pottery:
A splendid flower in the pottery garden
Black pottery began in the early Neolithic period in the Liangzhu period, is a splendid flower in the pottery garden, occupies an important position in the history of mainland ceramics.
As the main bearer of Liangzhu culture, black pottery has important cultural relics, historical value and cultural value.
In 1966, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1988 and 1990, the Shanghai Municipal Museum, the Jinshan Museum and the People's Government of Tinglin Town conducted on-site exploration and excavation of the tomb group located in Tinglin Park.
Exploration site map
According to the 10th issue of Archaeology in 2002, "The identification of the age of the Tinglin Liangzhu culture cemetery can be found from several key instruments. The emergence of a large number of 'T' shaped foot dings, flat drum belly double-nosed pots and shallow plates, pot-shaped coarse beans, a small number of late typical instruments such as Gui, Zun, and multi-sectional long jade Qun, indicating that the era of this cemetery should belong to the late Liangzhu culture. In some tombs, it is also seen that the traditional flat side foot ding, round ball belly double nose pot, etc. with slightly early shape, but the proportion is too small, and M16, which is out of the flat side foot ding, has also unearthed a multi-section long jade that represents the late era of human face patterns, flat drum belly double nose pot, coarse circle foot shaped beans, etc. ”
This shows that during the Liangzhu culture period, the ancestors of the Tinglin area had used black pottery products as tools of daily life.
Black Pottery Cultural Park:
Carry forward and inherit excellent traditional culture
In the 1980s, with the excavation of the Tinglin site, black pottery relics were unearthed, and the black pottery process was once again presented to the world in a different way. In 2018, in order to promote the black pottery making technology in the Tinglin area and expand the influence of black pottery culture, shanghai Tuyuan Ceramic Science and Technology Center established a black pottery cultural park in Hongyang Village, Tinglin Town.
In 2019, Tinglin Town held a series of activities to commemorate the 1500th anniversary of The Birth of King Gu Ye, during which black pottery objects related to King Gu Ye were produced and displayed at Tinglin Academy to promote the traditional culture of Tinglin. In 2021, the Ceramics Center will open a special curriculum and cooperate with many schools in Jinshan District to provide students and teachers with black pottery making training and practice.
(Photo taken before the pandemic)
In 2021, the Ceramics Center cooperated with Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University to establish the first campus practice base; In the same year, it cooperated with Tingxin Middle School to set up a special course of black pottery, which is committed to cultivating students' interest in black pottery culture from an early age.
The center actively absorbs the essence of Jinshan characteristic traditional culture such as Jinshan peasant paintings, and at the same time combines Liangzhu culture to build a traditional culture dissemination, inheritance and practice base integrating research and development, training and production.
Black pottery making techniques:
In the midst of thousands of hammers, it is becoming more and more mature
After years of research and study, the production skills of Tinglin black pottery have become more and more mature.
●The clay is collected and first sieved and finely sieved, and then stirred for the first time after grinding, and put into the mud bucket to sink the rot.
● After 3 to 5 days, add a blender to stir, and finally squeeze into a finished product with uniform size and thickness without bubbles.
●According to the size of the production, take the clay and put it on the blank pulling machine for the pulling of the blank, and place the molded pottery in a cool place to dry in the shade.
● Then adjust the shape to make it flat and smooth, put into the cryogenic chamber for low temperature treatment so that the body moisture is uniform, with a certain degree of hardness, the surface is not smooth enough to be polished until the light.
● After that, use tools such as brushes to outline the pattern on the body, and carve according to the combination of dot, pressure, scraping, through carving and relief according to the pattern.
●At the same time, some of the patterns are hollowed out and organically combined with the reliefs to completely remove the moisture of the blank and put them into a high-temperature drying room for about 30 days.
● After high temperature drying, the body is put into the kiln to heat up and sinter, the sintering process requirements are very strict, generally to reach 900 ° C, compact to burn to more than 1150 ° C.
●After the kiln is finished, rice husks, charcoal, etc. are added and the kiln is sealed, and the black pottery presented in the end is mysterious, dignified and simple.
Black pottery production is not only a reflection of the spiritual demands of ancient ancestors, but also a typical embodiment of the pottery making process, condensing its close cultural inheritance with other pottery types and even cultural types.
Tinglin Town will cooperate with the Ceramics Center to establish a multi-faceted black pottery experience and cognitive system, actively inherit the black pottery production skills, and further deepen the industrial development, drive the surrounding villagers to participate in the joint production, and form a regional linkage development.
Correspondent 丨Liu Zhangyuan Huang Weijia
Edit | Yu Lanting (Trainee)
Editor-in-charge | Cheng Jiayu Gan Yuqiong