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Choreographer: Wei Yueqi Writer: Jiang Feng Voiced by: Wei Yueqi Graphic Design: Fu Xiaofan Project Coordinator: Li Li (05:43)
A hundred years ago, the French architect Le Corbusier put forward a vision in the epoch-making book "Towards New Construction": "Maybe we can make buildings in factories in batches like car chassis."
Since then, builders in various countries have begun similar attempts to produce standardized components on assembly lines. After the "factory", these prefabricated floor slabs, walls, and stairs are transported to the site to complete the hoisting and splicing like building blocks.
Thanks to the rapid mass production of industrialization, buildings have become more efficient. Along the lines of construction industrialization, some countries have mass-produced housing to alleviate the shortage of housing.
At some special moments, the industrialization of buildings can also be emergency.
In 2020, Hong Kong, China, under the new crown pneumonia epidemic, added more than 3,500 confirmed cases in just seven or eight months, and medical resources were urgent. At that time, there were only more than 1,200 negative pressure hospital beds in Hong Kong, and the utilization rate once exceeded 70%.
"Hong Kong version of Vulcan Mountain" - Hong Kong Infection Control Center of North Lantau Hospital. Surging image
The Hong Kong Infection Control Center of Peking Lantau Hospital, the "Hong Kong version of Vulcan Mountain" built by China Construction Hailong, came into being, and nearly 90% of its processes were completed in the factory in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, and it took only more than 4 months from production to use.
How is today's construction factory different from the vision proposed by Le Corbusier a hundred years ago? Built in China, please come and pick up the tricks!
Build houses like cars
In the Hailong factory, the secret of efficiency comes from a key word, MiC: modular integrated architecture, Modular Integrated Construction.
At the beginning of the design of the plan, the designer will disassemble a building into different "modules" according to the functional partition of the building, and each module is a highly integrated basic unit, including building structure, interior, exterior, electromechanical, water supply and drainage, HVAC, etc. Moving more processes forward minimizes uncertainties in the construction process on site.
Compared with traditional general hospitals, the Hong Kong version of Vulcan Mountain was born specifically for the new crown epidemic. In "Pick Up the Tricks! In the early program of "Architecture", we once discussed that a hospital that can meet the requirements of infectious disease prevention and treatment needs to design different partitions and streamlines for medical care and patients, people and things. The polluted area, semi-polluted area and clean area need to set a gradient pressure difference to ensure that the polluting gas is not leaked out at will.
The Hong Kong Infection Control Centre at Lantau Hospital is the world's first hospital project to use MiC technology. For the builders of China Construction Hailong, it is necessary to clarify the details of complex equipment pipelines, exhaust systems, air tightness of ward combination modules and other details before the factory is "put into production" to ensure the safety and reliability of the "module".
Digital technology also makes the operation of the entire construction plant more efficient, from the design end to the production end, the builder can check the production progress and production capacity of different components at any time, and check the defects in time. The entire production and construction process can be traced, even if there is a problem in the use stage, it can be traced in time to find the source of the fault in the first time.
The Hong Kong version of Vulcan Hill Hospital was born out of an emergency, but it was built according to the standards of Hong Kong permanent buildings.
Usually, it takes three to four years to build a hospital of the same size in Hong Kong, while the Hong Kong version of Vulcan Mountain takes only 4 months – two and a half months to complete the assembly of 524 module units, and after shipping to Hong Kong, complete the on-site processes such as module hoisting, pipeline connection and splicing position decoration within one month. After it was put into use, the number of front-line negative pressure beds in Hong Kong public hospitals increased by 75%.
Energy saving and emission reduction
In addition to efficiency and digitalization, builders have also discovered another advantage of MiC technology, which can reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions throughout the entire building process. By moving as many processes forward to the factory as possible, material waste and losses can be reduced, as well as on-site noise and dust during traditional building construction.
The seven-storey fine decoration model building of China Construction Hailong Zhuhai Base. Chinese architecture Courtesy of Photo
At the Hailong base in Zhuhai, the builders also tried to use MiC technology to create a seven-storey fine decoration model hotel that meets permanent building standards.
Through such a set of numbers, we can feel the exploration behind China's speed -
72 hours of foundation work pouring, and production of 128 MiC units
All cabinet hoisting takes 90 hours
The model building of the 7-story hotel was capped in 12 days
The whole process of building reduces material waste by 25% by 70% construction waste and 55% by energy consumption.
For a hundred years, builders from all over the world have tried to associate architecture with industrialization.
A hundred years later, Chinese builders have been able to move 80% or 90% of the traditional construction process forward and complete production in factories. We look forward to the next attempt by Chinese explorers of architectural industrialization."
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In the next issue, "Pick up the trick! "Architecture" will take you deep into the underground of the city and see how the "underground storage artifact" of the city pipeline makes the city more resilient!
Editor-in-Charge: Li Yi Photo Editor: Shi Jiahui
Proofreader: Liu Wei