<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > review</h1>
There are various theories about the origin of human beings, but the most well-known to the public is often the "origin of ancient apes".
Some scholars believe that the origin of human beings is ancient apes, which are part of the ancient apes that have come from trees to live on the ground and learn to use tools, which is different from the ancient apes that still live in trees. Later, these ancient apes on the ground evolved into the current human beings, and the ancient apes in the trees are today's apes.
With the continuous development of modern biology, new theories and new experiments have confirmed the relationship between humans and apes, or chimpanzees.
Human evolution
A 10-year long study by Ornithologist Charles Siebery of Yale University and zoologist Alquist concluded that two species of gorillas were differentiated by the same ancestor nearly 3 million years ago, and 7 to 8 million years ago, humans and chimpanzees also differentiated into two species through a common ancestor.
Therefore, the chimpanzees we see in the zoo may be our "close relatives". Even compared with gorillas and orangutans (generally referring to red orangutans), chimpanzees are actually closer to humans and more related, with a difference of only 1.6%.
Humans and chimpanzees
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > chimpanzee infection event </h1>
In 2017, dr. Burleigh Hawkins of exeter University in the United Kingdom took a photo in the West African country when he accidentally took several strange photos in Cantanez National Park in Guinea-Bissau – several chimpanzees had a large number of knots on their faces.
Dr. Hawkins never noticed this and could not tell what was really going on with the chimpanzees. She then gave the photo to a wildlife veterinarian at the German Institute, Renndez, but surprisingly, he didn't know what the chimpanzees were suffering from.
A few months later, however, in Tay National Park, Renndez found a phenomenon similar to that shown in Dr. Hawkins' photograph: chimpanzees also had unusual pimples on their faces.
Chimpanzees have pimples on their faces
But these two national parks are separated by 1100 kilometers, how can there be two distant locations, both of which have unknown diseases, what is the source of the infection, and will it pose a threat to the chimpanzee population?
With these questions in mind, Dr. Hawkins and Lenndez organized a team to track and study these diseased chimpanzees. The appearance of these chimpanzees after infection is very frightening, not only have dense pimples on their faces and ears, but also lesions and defects on their hands and feet.
The researchers eventually found that the chimpanzees in the two habitats were infected with leprosy, which had been controlled by humans, but the chimpanzee population was isolated from the world, humans had little contact with them, and the possibility of human transmission was not high.
Chimpanzees can also get leprosy
Moreover, chimpanzees in the two places are infected with leprosy from different genotypes, in fact, these two genotypes are rarely seen in humans, so researchers speculate that these leprosy bacteria may come from two independent pathways and are mysterious and unknown sources of infection from the wild.
Scientists have shown that bacillus leprosy has emerged with more and more evidence that it can survive in other animals and can infect organisms other than humans.
This also shows that leprosy is likely to have had another host, perhaps an animal, before humans evolved from ancient apes to humans, and transmitted it to chimpanzees after being hunted, or perhaps survived in a forest environment and infected chimpanzees in contact.
Bacillus leprosy
Thankfully, the chimpanzee infection did not cause fatal phenomena, it just looked thin and somewhat "ugly" in appearance, but in good health and did not have any serious problems.
But it is difficult to cure chimpanzees, because leprosy is not suitable for chimpanzees, and in human society, it takes up to several months to treat the disease, usually requiring antibiotics.
Chimpanzees are wild group animals, requiring survival in a free hunting environment, humans can not provide it with antibiotics for a long time, nor can it restrict the life of two chimpanzee groups, and chimpanzees have great strength, and it is impossible to give them anesthetics for a long time, and then put them back after using antibiotics. Therefore, the attitude given by scientists is that there is no way to treat.
Long-term treatment is difficult to achieve
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="25" what is leprosy >? </h1>
Leprosy is probably the oldest infectious disease in humans, and according to research findings, it can be traced back millions of years. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that is now also very common, causing damage to the skin and nerves, and in severe cases, can lead to limb mutilation or even death.
Around 1550 BC, the Egyptian papyrus literature may have a description of leprosy, which is also considered by some scholars to be the earliest description of leprosy; Indian literature in 600 BC also has a record of leprosy; and also in Europe, in 62 BC, ancient Greece appeared related records.
Leprosy in history
Similarly, leprosy has existed in China for more than 2,000 years, as early as the Spring and Autumn Warring States period there are descriptions of leprosy, for example, in the Yin Shang period in 1066 BC, Jizi lacquer body to avoid the scourge of killing, of which "Li" refers to "Li Feng", that is, leprosy;
From 554 to 478 BC, Confucius's disciples "Had evil diseases" and "leprosy", which is also referred to here as leprosy.
In the long history of leprosy that accompanied mankind to the present day, human beings have also changed from treating lepers as a curse and a punishment from God due to scientific backwardness, to facing up to this disease and finding ways to prevent and effectively treat leprosy.
In today's world, there are still hundreds of new cases of leprosy every year, but as long as they are treated in time, they will not cause any damage to their bodies.
Global leprosy growth
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34" > infectious diseases from chimpanzees </h1>
In fact, not only have chimpanzees been infected with human leprosy, but humans have also had an infectious disease in animals, that is, AIDS.
Relevant scientific studies have shown that in fact, the HIV virus infected by humans is chimpanzees and gorillas from Africa, but these animals are SIV viruses, also known as monkey immunodeficiency viruses.
Originally, this virus only existed in primates, but for some reason that is still unclear, the SIV in chimpanzees and other animals was transmitted to humans, and after mutation, it broke through the population barrier between humans and primates, and was able to survive and spread in humans, developing into the HIV virus as we know it today.
PATTERN MAP OF HIV VIRUS
In humans, HIV virus transmission is usually transmitted through sexual contact, blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission, so how did the SIV virus in animals such as chimpanzees reach humans? There are three ways of saying this.
The first is the hunting theory. Some people believe that the local people in Africa are unable to be self-sufficient because of poverty, and need to hunt animals for food, and hunters are often due to the development of productivity, weapons are relatively backward, hunting chimpanzees and gorillas when inevitably injured, so the wounds are contaminated by sick chimpanzees and other animals, resulting in human diseases from animals.
The second is to think that blood is transmitted. This is because there are many tribes in Africa, and due to the backward economy and technology of the region, people's ideas are still relatively unenlightened. There are many rumors that some tribes in Africa will drink the blood of chimpanzees or gorillas, hoping to be as powerful as them, which has led to blood transmission and infected humans with chimpanzee infectious diseases.
Bloodstream transmission of hive virus
The last one is sexual infection. It is also because some tribes in Africa are more primitive, and the local people do not have human shame and ethics, although it sounds very shocking, but this conjecture is not impossible.
Of course, the world is still more recognized as the first, that is, the wound caused by hunting is infected by contaminated blood, which promotes the formation of HIV virus, and with the development of economy and society, transportation becomes faster and more convenient, and the HIV virus also accelerates the spread of the virus, which has aroused people's higher and higher attention.
Attention is paid to AIDS
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="44" > chimpanzees </h1>
Chimpanzees generally live in communities in tropical rainforests, usually consisting of 2 to 20 chimpanzees, and each has an adult male chimpanzee leader.
Chimpanzees have a wide range of food, not only eating fruit, but also eating leaves, bark, plant roots, flowers and seeds are also in their food recipes, and even some chimpanzees hunt small antelope, eat insects and bird eggs, and even their "relatives" monkeys and baboons do not let go.
Among organisms, chimpanzees and gorillas, orangutans are not an animal, chimpanzees are similar to gorillas, but relatively thin, body hair is also relatively short, the face is mostly black, a few are white, flesh color and gray-brown;
Morphological differences between chimpanzees and other primates
The gorilla is the largest, not only the largest ape, but also the largest primate, usually with long black hair all over the body, but there is no hair on the face, ears, hands and feet, thick and reckless behavior, and the appearance is more fierce; the orangutan hair is red, the body hair is long and thin, and the face is hairless and black.
Chimpanzees are very similar to humans in terms of appearance, physiological structure, and social behavior, and they are also animals closest to human "kinship".
Therefore, in some plates that need to be tested in human medicine, psychology, etc., chimpanzees are a perfect living test subject. But in order to protect chimpanzees from being threatened by their survival and reproduction, humans have strongly prohibited research experiments on chimpanzee animals through international law, and no reason or method is allowed.
Protect chimpanzees
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" > chimpanzee intelligence </h1>
Scientists mostly believe that humans and chimpanzees shared the same ancestor hundreds of thousands of years ago, and this claim has been further confirmed with the discovery of related fossils.
Some scientific research conducted on chimpanzees has found that chimpanzees have the intelligence level of human children, although they cannot speak like humans, learn English or other languages, but they are trained to recognize Arabic numerals, learn sign language, and some human techniques, and even can operate computers and practice vocabulary on computers.
Chimpanzees operate computers
In 1960, a Girl born in London came to Tanzania, Africa, to study the relationship between humans and chimpanzees, to observe the ecological habits of chimpanzees, to find their similarities with humans, and she was going to have close contact with chimpanzees.
The girl's name was Jane Goodall. She later received the United Nations Anti-Violence Award and elizabeth II the title of Commander of the British Empire in recognition of her contribution.
Before that, Goodall was just a girl obsessed with studying animals. Although locals told her at the time that chimpanzees were so powerful that there had been incidents in which a male chimpanzee had torn a human's cheek and injured one of his eyes, Goodall was not afraid.
Jane Goodall
She mimics the chimpanzee's cries and behaviors, like a female orangutan, approaching the chimpanzee herd day by day, gaining the approval of the chimpanzee group with amazing patience and successfully integrating into them.
Over a 30-year period of observation and research, Goodall slowly discovered individual behaviors and ecological habits in chimpanzee populations. Humans have a unique language, chimpanzee groups also have their inherent emotional calls, and even have "moody and sad" expression movements, they will hug and kiss and touch each other like humans to express their closeness, and they will also dance happily in the rain.
In the past, we usually thought that only humans knew how to use tools and make tools, but in his observations of chimpanzees, Goodall found that chimpanzees would use slender branches or flowers and leaves to lure termites to taste the delicacy of termites.
Goodall discovers chimpanzee wisdom
Although chimpanzees and humans have so many similarities, both with similar behaviors and feelings, the differences between the two are still very large, and chimpanzees cannot speak like humans and do not have a rich personality and consciousness.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > conclusion </h1>
Chimpanzees bear a high degree of similarity to humans, but they will never be a second human. The formation of living things is so wonderful and wonderful, the difference between chimpanzees and humans is only 1.6%, but it is two races that are very different, and human beings have creativity and intelligence that no other creature can match.
However, with the development of the current society, poachers hunt chimpanzees for profit, and the tropical rainforest has also been damaged, which has also destroyed the living conditions of chimpanzee groups.
Protect the homes of chimpanzees
In order not to let our "relatives" chimpanzees lose their homes and can only be confined to zoos in the future, we need to protect the rainforest and protect our beautiful homes.