Diversified development, a century of greenery (beautiful China, new changes in old forest farms)

Source: People's Daily

Changle Forest Farm is one of the earliest forest farms founded in Zhejiang Province, and it is also one of the earliest units in mainland China to carry out the selection and breeding of good forest species.

Over the years, through scientific breeding, forest ecological education, the development of under-forest economy and other measures, the forest farm has made efforts in many ways, not only the forest resource reserves have steadily improved, but also ushered in new opportunities for development.

Located in Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Changle Forest Farm is green and green, the forest sea is vast, and Zhang Jianzhong, deputy director of the forest farm, looks at it and is happy in his heart: "The trees are stronger, and the tree species resources are richer." ”

From the initial afforestation, hard work, to active innovation, continuous breakthroughs, founded in 1910, Changle Forest Farm has now become a modern forest farm with the selection and breeding of good seeds as the core and diversified development. At present, the forest land area of the forest farm is 22,000 mu, and the forest coverage rate is 85%, which has become the base of fine seeds with the largest number of selected tree species and the largest area in Zhejiang Province.

Adhere to scientific breeding and enrich germplasm resources

Zhang Jianzhong told reporters that the selection and breeding of fine seeds has always been one of the important tasks of the forest farm, of which pine trees and fir trees are the two most important categories of the Changle forest farm. At the beginning of the founding of New China, Changle Forest Farm introduced wetland pines, torch pines, etc., and then began to explore large-scale planting, covering an area of more than 6,000 mu. From the 1980s to the present, the tree species have undergone several afforestation and selections, and finally formed a "high generation" high-quality tree species with stable and excellent traits.

In the 5,000 square meters of nursery greenhouses in the forest farm, the saplings with a height of about 10 centimeters are neatly arranged, and the watering can be precisely regulated through the intelligent sprinkler irrigation device above; In the digital germplasm resource bank, through the precise setting of ambient light, temperature, humidity, etc., the storage time of seeds is greatly extended...

In the past, "three stones to build a stove, an umbrella for the night" was often hung on the lips of the old foresters. Zhang Jianzhong remembers that when he joined the company in 1985, there were only a few low bungalows in the vast forest farm, and the breeding work was relatively single. "Because both fir and pine trees are produced relatively quickly and have a wide range of uses, they are the main breeding objects." Zhang Jianzhong said, "At that time, the primary consideration was the height of the tree and the diameter of the chest, with the main purpose of cultivating wood. ”

Nowadays, the forest resource reserves of forest farms are steadily improving. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the forest stock of forest farms increased from 135,000 cubic meters to 207,000 cubic meters, an increase of 53.3%, and the average accumulation per mu reached 11.9 cubic meters. The forest tree seed base of the forest farm was listed by the former State Forestry Administration as the "National Fir and Torch Pine Seed Base".

According to reports, through expert guidance and technology promotion, at present, the survival rate of pine needle bundle grafting in forest farms has exceeded 90%, and the survival rate of American long pecans has exceeded 85%; In addition, the forest farm has also cultivated a large number of good germplasm resources, producing more than 500,000 high-quality seedlings and flowers such as Zhejiang Nan and Zhejiang Camphor every year.

The second prize of Zhejiang Science and Technology Award, the second prize of Science and Technology Award of Chinese Academy of Forestry...... In the window of the forest farm headquarters, the honors won over the years are displayed. According to reports, in recent years, the forest farm's good seed base area has reached more than 3,600 mu, with more than 1,000 mu of seed gardens and 411 mu of mother trees, accumulative collection and preservation of nearly 5,300 germplasm resources, the cumulative production of 50,000 kg of seeds of various types of forest trees, and the promotion of afforestation area of nearly 1.5 million mu.

Carry out science popularization and research and promote diversified development

"Torch pines grow fast and adaptable, and their bark is often scaly and cracked, showing black and dark gray-brown..." The interview coincided with a group of cute little guests in the forest farm. They tilted their heads and listened carefully to the explanation of Wu Jialu, the person in charge of the Hangzhou Changle Youth Quality Education Base, and took notes from time to time.

This is a group of students from Hangzhou Caihe Middle School. The school has been cooperating with forest farms for nearly 20 years in such research activities.

"Forest farms must be diversified. Based on the advantages of natural resources, carrying out some activities that can adapt to the teaching needs of primary and secondary schools is one of the ways to explore. Wu Jialu said.

In 1998, Changle Forest Farm was transformed from a public institution into an enterprise. After the restructuring, the forest farm gradually straightened out the personnel relationship, established an employment and distribution mechanism suitable for modern enterprises, and also established a youth science popularization education base to begin to explore forest ecological education.

Design projects and courses, ecological halls, botanical halls and other indoor science popularization venues have been completed, and the team of professional science training personnel is becoming more and more enriched... Nowadays, the forest farm actively develops the curriculum of forest ecology characteristics, and organizes the majority of primary and secondary school students to carry out various social practice activities, quality education activities and parent-child holiday activities based on ecological science popularization, labor practice, nature education, and forest expansion.

"The forest farm is open to the public free of charge and can be visited and experienced at any time, and we will also recruit students for the society and carry out various experience activities in an organized manner." According to Wu Jia Travel, the forest farm now receives up to 300,000 people per year, and as of the end of last year, it has received more than 3.5 million young students from more than 1,000 schools.

Focus on resource transformation and help rural revitalization

"Protection is the first priority of forest land, and in addition to protection, it is even more necessary to lead the masses to get rich together." The person who said this was Xu Yongqin, head of the forestry department of the forest farm camp. Relying on the traditional forestry development of Changle Forest Farm for many years, it began to explore transformation and develop a green economy from 2015.

"The new model of cooperation between villages and enterprises has deeply integrated cultural tourism and also led to an increase in income for the people." Xu Yongqin set his sights on Changle Village in Yuhang District, near the forest farm.

In the distance, Changle Village is full of thick greenery. In addition to the green and tall trees, the green farmland is planted with various vegetables such as greens, cucumbers, and tomatoes. Chopping wood, lighting fires, burning oil... Smoke rose and a group of tourists used fresh ingredients they had just picked to make a "big meal" in front of the earth stove.

"Now there are more customers, the popularity is booming, in addition to catering and accommodation, agricultural products are becoming more and more popular." Si Weiming, a villager in Changle Village, said that the forest farm cooperated with the village, and everyone's income increased a lot compared with before.

Tourists can not only visit the beautiful natural scenery and get popular science education in the forest farm, but also become a "new farmer" in the characteristic farmland of local villagers.

At present, the forest farm has trained more than 100 nature educators, in addition to the forest farm's own training counselors, many of them are local villagers. With agricultural and forestry production skills, they also master certain teaching skills, in addition to serving the ecological education sector of Changle Forest Farm, many of them are also actively involved in local rural tourism.

Xu Yongqin calculated the account for the reporter, through vigorously cultivating forest health care, rural cultural tourism, green finance and other industrial projects, the forest farm brings nearly 600,000 passenger flows to the local area every year, and also provides more than 100 jobs and nearly 300 temporary employment opportunities for the local area. "We have not only expanded the form of content, but also promoted the complementarity of counselors and farmers to help rural revitalization." Xu Yongqin said.