The blue waves are full of life, and the rivers and lakes are smiling
——Four front-line workers tell the story of guarding their hometown rivers and lakes
Editor's Note
Water is the source of life, the key to production, and the foundation of ecology. It is precisely because one side of the water and soil nourishes the other side of the people, for thousands of years, the rivers that nourish the people, nurture culture, and carry nostalgia have been affectionately called the mother river. Protecting the Mother River is related to the long-term development of the region and the well-being of the people. Recently, the Ministry of Water Resources issued the "Mother River Recovery Action Plan (2022-2025)" with the goal of "restoring the river to life and the river basin to life", and comprehensively deployed the Mother River recovery action to make the hometown river and lake around people more beautiful and moisturize life. We invited four frontline workers to tell the story of their guardianship of the Mother River and to feel the beautiful picture of harmonious coexistence between people and water.
【First-line narration】
Protect the shore of the Baili'er Sea and clear the green shore
Narrator: Ma Xiaolei, a town-level river chief of Yong'anjiang Town, Shangguan Town, Dali City, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province
Landscape of Erhai and surrounding villages in Dali, Yunnan. Xinhua News Agency
On Monday afternoon, as usual, I walked out of the town government and headed for the Yong'an River, the destination of the river patrol. The Yong'an River is one of the three main rivers entering the lake in the north of the Erhai Sea, and as an important source of supply for the Erhai Sea, its water quality and water quantity changes have a profound impact on the entire Erhai Sea. Since becoming the mayor of Yong'an River in February 2021, I have been going to the Yong'an River once or twice a week to cruise the river.
As soon as I turned to the Yong'an River, I met a group of acquaintances: several village-level river chiefs and group-level river chiefs. They are conducting a detailed investigation of the damage and shedding of the septic tank pipes of farmers, sewage leakage, and the inflow of clean water.
After a few words of conversation, I continued on my way, cruising the river to the vicinity of Machang Village. Looking up, in the turquoise rice field, there is a group of egrets, swimming in a group. Uncle Duan, a farmer who cooks grass in the rice field, talked to me: "Now that the water quality is better and the environment is beautiful, I have raised fish in the rice field, not only can the rice be sold for a bid, but also have an additional income from the sale of fish." ”
In the past, Shangguan Town, where the Yong'an River flows, has always been a typical fish and rice town. But who would have thought that for a period of time, the Yong'an River was a dirty and chaotic scene that could not bear to be witnessed? Littered with garbage, piled up of horse dung... In order to protect the "mother lake" of the Erhai Sea, Shangguan Town and other townships in Dali City have simultaneously implemented agricultural non-point source pollution control work. On the one hand, the implementation of green ecological planting, the establishment of "source control, process governance, terminal consumption, water-saving pipe water, tailwater diversion and storage reuse" agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control system; On the other hand, the whole basin of livestock and poultry manure is recycled and processed into organic fertilizer, which realizes the harmless and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure in the whole basin. All kinds of efforts have been exchanged for the eyes of the villagers that "the water quality is good and the environment is beautiful." Nowadays, the Yong'an River, with its clear water and beautiful green scenery, is presented in front of people's eyes, and the water quality of the Yong'an River into the lake has achieved a qualitative improvement from inferior class V to class II.
When I reached the last sewage gate at the mouth of the Yong'an River, it was already 5 p.m. Xiao Zhang, the river's manager, is busy salvaging the water weeds in the gate. He told me that after the heavy rain the day before yesterday, the amount of salvage in these two days had exceeded the sum of the previous week: "Although it was hard, I looked at a pool of clear water and felt that it was worth it." ”
More than a year of river patrol experience has made me good friends with the eight river rangers of Yong'an River. We must not only carry out dredging and inspection supervision of daily river channels and ditches, but also carry out pumping management and field inspections. I heard that we in Dali City have also hired 1748 river administrators, cleaners, beach administrators, field pipers, etc. We are really not "fighting alone".
Approaching the mouth of the Yong'an River, against the background of the grass and green willows, the clear river slowly flows into the Erhai Sea. In January 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping came to Erhai to inspect the ecological protection. The general secretary said with a heavy heart: "We must protect the Erhai Sea well, so that the natural beauty of 'Cangshan Mountain without ink and autumn painting, Erhai Without Strings And Ancient Qin' will always reside in the world." "In the past few years, in accordance with the important instructions of the general secretary, we have taken the protection and governance of the Erhai Sea as the core, effectively improved the ecological environment of the river, and enhanced the ability to restore the health of the ecosystem in the Erhai River Basin." Dali City also completed the ecological relocation task of 7270 people from 1806 households around the lake, and built 129 kilometers of ecological corridors, building a green ecological barrier for the Erhai Sea.
Looking at the entire Erhai Sea, my mind recalls the good news in recent years: the ecology and water environment of the Erhai Sea have continued to improve, the water quality has been comprehensively evaluated as excellent for 5 consecutive years, and no large-scale cyanobacterial blooms have occurred... I have the confidence to continue to guard it like this, so that the Baili Erhai Sea will always be beautiful and always fascinating.
Three Long Zhi River, a flood of clear water into the Yellow River
Narrator: He Shiping, Party Secretary of Shixi Township, Liulin County, Lüliang City, Shanxi Province, and Township-level River Chief of Shixi Township, Liulin County, Yellow River
Henan Zhengzhou Yellow River National Geopark. Xinhua News Agency
It is the most beautiful season along the Yellow River. Walking on the Yellow River No. 1 Tourist Highway, you can not only smell the fragrance emitted by the red jujube forest, but also hear the sound of the Yellow River rushing.
Our Shixi Township is located in the west of Liulin County, Lüliang City, Shanxi Province, on the east bank of the Yellow River. The main stream of the Yellow River flows from north to south through five townships in Liulin County, with a total length of 56.7 kilometers, of which a total of 17.8 kilometers flow through the five administrative villages of Shixi Township, accounting for more than one-third of the total length of the Liulin section of the Yellow River. Among the five townships along the Yellow River, Shixi Township is the township with the longest flow of the Yellow River, the largest area of the beach, and the most river-wading activities. At the same time, the Sanchuan River, which is brought together by fangshan, Zhongyang and Lishi counties, is a first-class tributary of the Yellow River and joins the Yellow River in Shixixiang.
These practical factors and objective conditions make the task of river management and protection complex and heavy. The former Yellow River beach once completely lost its appearance. The water of the Yellow River, which is so dark, cannot even meet the water quality standards for watering crops, let alone drinking.
In August 2017, Liulin County fully implemented the river chief system, the county party committee and county government studied and established a working mechanism of "three long rivers", and the township party secretary and the township chief, as the double river chiefs of the townships, shouldered the responsibility of river management and protection in the administrative area under their jurisdiction.
Nowadays, the team has been built, and there are township-level river chiefs in the township, and river patrols are equipped, and there are village-level river chiefs in the village; The mechanism was set up, the township-level river chief patrolled the river twice a week, and the village-level river chief and river ranger patrolled the river every day. After each river cruise, the river chiefs at the two levels in the village should register the river patrol in detail on a special platform, and deal with the acts of dumping garbage and stealing wastewater in the river in a timely manner. With the joint efforts of everyone, the effect is obvious to all, the current Sanchuan River and the Yellow River in the river channel of the illegal construction, random dumping and other phenomena have been cleared to zero, once the water quality of the inferior class V of the Sanchuan River has been stable to the surface of the water quality standards above class V, truly realized "a flood of clear water into the Yellow River."
We also planted greenery in the liangliang along the Yellow River, and 70 to 80% of the land along the river was planted with red jujube forests; All sidewalk trees are planted along both sides of the Yellow Highway to form an ecological corridor.
Today, the winding Yellow Tourist Highway accompanies the Yellow River, and the beautiful ecological picture attracts the people around it. In winter, you can also see flocks of water birds playing on the river, not to mention how comfortable life is.
The whole people participate and work together to protect this green
Narrator: Kang Yanxia, Party Secretary of Kopu Road Community in Chengxi District, Xining City, Qinghai Province, and Responsible River Chief of Huangshui River (Wenyuan Bridge to Wenting Bridge).
After the renovation of the Huangshui River in Qinghai, citizens are walking. Photo by Li Xiaogang/Guangming Pictures
I am a native of Qinghai, and the Huangshui River is our mother river. From the moment I became the head of the responsible river, I made up my mind to guard the Mother River well.
In Xining City, there are more than 1,200 rivers and lakes at all levels like mine, and the city's 75 rivers, 23 reservoirs, 96 waterlogging ponds, 18 irrigation areas of 10,000 mu, 4 important drinking water sources in the country, 1 important wetland and other artificial water bodies and other wading areas are all within the management scope of the river and lake chief system. Each river and lake chief is assigned jurisdiction over the river section, so that there are no blind spots and no dead ends in the management of rivers and lakes.
In 2019, my Kepu Road community began to undertake the river and lake management work between The Wenyuan Bridge and the Wenting Bridge of the Huangshui River. Don't look at the distance of only 1.6 kilometers, but there are many people involved: river and lake chiefs, river and lake prosecutors, civil river chiefs, police city joint logistics, full-time inspectors, river section cleaners... Behind the getting better and better water environment is the unremitting efforts of each of us.
Now, river cruises have become part of my daily routine. Whenever I have time, I will come to the river to have a look, carefully observe the water quality of the river, persuade the uncivilized behavior of the masses, check whether the infrastructure on the river bank is normal, and it is common to walk 20,000 steps a day.
The river chief's job is not only to "circle" around the river, but also to mobilize everyone. Every Friday afternoon, the community will organize volunteer activities, led by party members, mobilizing the jurisdiction units and enthusiastic residents, everyone with brooms, pliers and other tools to clean up the garbage on the bank of the river. We also distribute the River Conservation Initiative to sow the seeds of ecological protection and environmental care to everyone's heartland. The river and lake chief public notice board next to the riverbank trail has my contact information, which can reflect the problem through the mobile phone, and we will contact the relevant departments to solve it as soon as possible.
Just two days ago, a careful citizen found that there were many insects on the big trees next to the riverbank, and immediately contacted me: "I am worried about diseases and insect pests, you hurry to see, such a good tree, don't have any problems." "After receiving the call, I came to the river at the first time, contacted the relevant departments to confirm the situation of diseases and insect pests, and timely medicated, which successfully avoided the further spread of insect pests."
Over the years, with the joint efforts of everyone, the river is clean, the river is clear, the vegetation coverage of the river embankment is higher, everywhere you go is lined with trees, strolling on the clean and tidy trail, the river cruise has naturally become a beautiful enjoyment.
Nowadays, seeing more and more people walking and leisure along the river, I have more and more realized the responsibility and significance of the river chief's work. One volunteer joked that the river chief's job was "getting harder and harder to do — he went to pick up trash and couldn't see a piece of trash." I don't think this is a direct reflection of the effectiveness of river and lake governance. I believe that under the common protection of everyone, the Huangshui River will become more and more beautiful.
Rational fishing, polishing the "golden signboard" of Chagan Lake
Narrator: Zhang Wen, a lake worker at Chagan Lake in Songyuan City, Jilin Province
Jilin Songyuan Chagan Lake scenery. Bright pictures
Lotus flowers bloom, water beauty fish fat. In the middle of summer, Chagan Lake is blue and refreshing, and it is the first choice for tourists to cool off by car.
As the inheritor of the fishing and hunting culture of Chagan Lake, I have to take the fishing team down to the lake every day in the early hours of the morning to fish. In the past, we didn't care about big fish and small fish, we fished for fish; Now, in summer fishing, we use small mesh fishing nets to catch small adult fish, so that the big fish get more nutrients; In winter fishing, large mesh fishing nets are used to catch large fish, so that the small fish that have not yet grown continue to grow. This scientific fishing method can make the fishing and hunting culture of Chagan Lake continue to develop, and can also meet the needs of tourists to taste the fresh fish of Chagan Lake in different seasons.
From the time I joined the work to the present, I have been wandering on Chagan Lake for more than 40 years, witnessing the process of ecological improvement and becoming more and more beautiful in Chagan Lake. In the 1960s and early 1970s, due to the dry climate, barrages and predatory fishing, in just a few years, Chagan Lake was reduced from hundreds of square kilometers to tens of square kilometers, almost drying up. At that time, the lake slowly shrank, and the lake turned dark red. The saline surface of the white flowers is flying all over the sky, forcing many people to leave their homes, and those who stay behind can only survive by boiling alkali and selling alkali, selling up to 2 cents per kilogram.
In 1976, the former Guo County Party Committee and County Government led the cadres and masses to carry out the "Pine Introduction Project", and after 8 years of building a "grassland canal", attracting the water of the Songhua River into Chagan Lake, the water area of Chagan Lake was expanded from more than 50 square kilometers at that time to 420 square kilometers. After decades of hard work, Chagan Lake has finally regained its vitality and become a natural breeding ground for fish and an ideal habitat for birds.
In September 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping took a boat to inspect the ecological protection of Chagan Lake in Hunan. He hoped that we would guard the "golden signboard" of Chagan Lake and let life "have fish every year". In recent years, following the instructions of the general secretary, Songyuan City has established a long-term mechanism for the ecological protection of Chagan Lake. By 2020, the water quality of the whole reservoir area of Chagan Lake will be changed from inferior class V to class IV.
At present, the 6.7-kilometer-long Chagan Lake to Kulipao Connecting Canal has not only brought living water and sufficient supplies to Chagan Lake, but also realized the connection between the Water Bodies of Songhua River, Chagan Lake and NenJiang River, and improved the water quality of Chagan Lake by means of water exchange; Two sewage treatment plants in the north and south scenic areas of Chagan Lake with a daily treatment of 1,000 tons are used to collect and treat domestic sewage; The breeding and stocking activities carried out in the spring and autumn of each year, and 10 million fry are regularly released into the lake; 78,000 mu of fruit trees, flowers, Chinese herbal medicines and aquatic plants are planted around the lake, and 103,000 mu of high-protein soybeans are planted, which can not only effectively improve the planting structure and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, but also form a colorful sea of flowers and become a tourist punch card.
Raise fish with water and purify water with fish. Now, the water quality of Chagan Lake has obviously improved, and the quality of the fish has naturally gone up. Regular breeding and stocking and scientific fishing, so that Chagan Lake can easily nurture the lakeside people, but also let the chagan Lake fishing and hunting culture with a thousand years of history and culture be passed down from generation to generation, so that the happy days "every year there are fish, every year there are more than enough".
【Expert Comments】
Explore the law of water control and care for the source of happiness
Author: Wei Youxing (Researcher, Theoretical Research Base [Hohai University] of Jiangsu Xi Jinping Research Center for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era)
Rivers and lakes are important carriers of water resources, an important part of the national land space and ecosystem, with important resource functions, economic functions and ecological functions, and are the direct source of the people's sense of happiness. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to the ecological protection and management of major rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and important lakes and wetlands, and has continuously improved our Party's understanding and grasp of the law of water control; Water conservancy departments at all levels have implemented the water management idea of "giving priority to water conservation, spatial balance, systematic governance, and two-handed force", and have focused on solving the water-related problems that the people are most concerned about. With the joint efforts of all parties, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ushered in the recovery of the century, the groundwater level in North China stopped falling and rose, and the Yongding River, Daqing River and other years of broken rivers achieved full penetration... More and more rivers are returning to "life", and more and more watersheds are coming back to life. On the new journey, continue to guard the Mother River, and continue to focus on the following four aspects.
Increase the institutional supply of rivers and lakes for recovery. Since the comprehensive implementation of the river and lake chief system, many rivers and lakes have realized the transformation from "no one to manage" to "someone to manage", from "multi-head management" to "unified management", from "uncontrollable" to "well managed", and the environmental quality has been continuously improved and widely praised by the people. To protect the Mother River, we must continue to promote institutional innovation and system supply, and constantly improve the system design and policy implementation of river and lake ecological protection. Strengthen the supply of rigid constraint systems for water resources in terms of water resources dispatch system, water conservation system, water rights and price management, etc., so as to protect the "water in the basin"; Strengthen the spatial control of river and lake waters, shorelines, flood storage and detention areas, etc., strengthen the improvement of systems for ecological restoration, sand mining, soil erosion control, etc., and manage the "basin of water". At the same time, it is also necessary to give full play to the leading role of development planning, adhere to the use of water to determine the city, water to determine the land, water to determine the people, and water to determine the production, and optimize the urban spatial layout, industrial structure and population size according to the carrying capacity of water resources.
Strengthen the governance of the river basin system. It is necessary to run the system concept through the whole process of ecological protection of rivers and lakes and the high-quality development of river basins, coordinate the water environment, water ecology and water resources and other elements, and achieve "there is water in the river, there are fish and grass, and there is harmony between people and water"; Adhere to the river basin as a unit, starting from the integrity of the ecosystem and the systematization of the river basin, compile the "one river (lake) one policy" plan, and break the long-standing dilemma of "independent governance" and "Kowloon water management". On the one hand, we should properly handle the relationship between water space and the governance of ecosystems around rivers and lakes, coordinate the relationship between ecological base streams, groundwater, river troughs, etc., and realize the coordination and unification of "water-environment-people"; On the other hand, we should also properly handle the relationship between the upstream and downstream, the left and right shores, and government departments, and create a good situation of co-governance and sharing.
Strengthen scientific and technological support. The recovery of rivers and lakes involves many ecological governance technical problems such as ecological environment restoration of rivers and lakes, construction of ecological water conservancy projects, groundwater over-exploitation control, flood control and drainage, etc., and it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological support, accelerate the formulation of technical standards for ecological protection and restoration of rivers and lakes, take into account the needs of flood control, drainage, water supply, landscape and other needs, and form a systematic technical standards and technical system for river and lake recovery. At the same time, we will make full use of big data and smart water conservancy technology, strengthen smart scheduling and information supervision, create an intelligent platform for water management, and improve the digitalization, networking and intelligence of the mother river recovery action.
Strengthen education on the water conditions of rivers and lakes. Strengthen publicity and guidance, and mobilize all social forces to participate in the Mother River recovery action. On the one hand, the popularity of water education should be improved, and the educational forms and educational contents that are popular with the people should be introduced in combination with the characteristics of water conditions in various places; On the other hand, from the function of the Mother River and the cultural identity, we should pay attention to telling the stories of the people and the rule of law of the mother river protection. In addition, we should also do a good job in the selection and promotion of typical cases of the mother river recovery action, establish a platform for releasing information on lake management and protection, improve public participation and social supervision mechanisms, let the awareness of river and lake management and protection deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, become the public's conscious behavior and living habits, and let the "mother river" in various places become a happy river with "smooth rivers, clear water, green shores, beautiful scenery, and people".
(Project team: Guangming Daily reporter Zhang Sheng, Daniel Zhang, Ren Shuang, Yang Jue, Wan Majia, Wang Wenjing, Wang Simin Guangming Daily correspondent Zhao Lu, Ma Lihong, Han Bing, Wu Xiao)
Guangming Daily ( 2022-08-12 07 edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily