Preface:
Since 1949, Zhongnanhai has been the seat of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China, the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and the residence of some leaders.
Chairman Mao
The place where Chairman Mao lived before his death was there, and there are still traces of Chairman Mao. However, Chairman Mao, who had just entered Beiping, refused to move into Zhongnanhai, saying: "I will not move, I will not be an emperor." ”
Why? How did the people persuade Chairman Mao later?
"The Day of 'Catching up with the Exam' in Beijing"
In early 1949, Wang Jiaxiang of the Northeast Urban Planning Bureau arrived in Xibaipo to visit Mao Zedong. Led by the guards, Wang Jiaxiang walked all the way to chairman Mao's room.
When Chairman Mao saw Wang Jiaxiang coming, he told him his worries. It turned out that the matter of fixing the capital had always been to be considered, and the central government had not been able to determine the location of the capital after layers of selection.
Wang Jiaxiang
Wang Jiaxiang has a great view of urban work, and it is most appropriate for him to give his advice. Chairman Mao asked him: "Where is the capital of our government, and the capitals of all dynasties and dynasties have either been set in Xi'an or Kaifeng, and some are located in Beiping and Nanjing. ”
Wang Jiaxiang bowed his head and pondered for a moment, then said, "According to the geographical location, I think it is more appropriate to still be Beiping." Peiping is closer to the Soviet Union and Mongolia, both of which are influenced by Marxism-Leninism and have long borders with ours, but there is no danger of war. ”
"Although Nanjing has dangerous terrain and plays a protective role, it is close to Taiwan, and Xi'an is a little off." I think it is still suitable for Peking. Wang Jiaxiang's idea was roughly the same as Chairman Mao's, which laid the foundation for the capital to be set in Beiping.
In March 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was successfully held, and the congress unanimously decided to relocate the office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from Xibaipo to Beiping, a task presided over by Ye Jianying.
Ye Jianying
In order to have all the preparations, the central government sent 7 companies of troops to Beiping to help Ye Jianying complete the task. Previously, although Fu Zuoyi's army surrendered and was reorganized outside the city, the Kuomintang secret service organization also took the opportunity to lurk. The original feudal and bureaucratic forces in Peiping are very likely to threaten the security of the central leaders.
As a result, Ye Jianying rushed to Beiping to learn about the various situations in Beiping and to hold peace talks with the main democrats.
Under the governance of Ye Jianying, Beiping launched a series of work such as cracking down on terrorist forces and collecting guns, and for a time, public order in Beiping was suddenly much better.
At the same time, Ye Jianying also conducted an investigation of the suburbs around Beiping. The reconnaissance team put on the Qinglong Bridge, the main owner of the plainclothes fund, strengthened the public security management of the western suburbs, conducted a comprehensive investigation of the society, and used minesweepers to conduct a comprehensive inspection of Xiangshan.
After the investigation, the Central Social Department task force believed that Xiangshan was the safest at this time, so the central police force was stationed in Xiangshan, deployed teams in all corners of Xiangshan, and also built the necessary security and air defense measures in the alert area.
In order to ensure Chairman Mao's absolute safety, the police station troops also carried out strict protection at the place where Chairman Mao was about to get off. Originally, according to the original plan, Chairman Mao's getting off the bus was at the front gate, but the underground personnel noticed that the agents at the front gate were restless and seemed to have made a big move, so the central authorities had to change the get off the bus station to Qinghuayuan Station.
And the drop-off location is not only Tsinghua Park, there is another backup in the center.
On March 21, the Chinese, the Fourth Field Army of the Eh Fan Army, the Ministry of Defense, and the Headquarters took 100 large trucks and 20 small and medium-sized jeeps from Ping and Tianjin to Xibaipo to welcome the relocation of the CPC Central Committee and the HEADQUARTERS of the People's Liberation Army to Beiping.
On the morning of the 23rd, the five secretaries of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, and Ren Bishi were about to leave Xibaipo, the last rural commander of the Central Committee.
Before leaving, Mao Zedong said humorously: "Today is the day to enter Beijing to 'catch the exam', and I am happy not to sleep!" When Zhou Enlai heard that the chairman was so happy, he would also mean to say: "We must succeed in 'catching up with the examination' and cannot return." ”
When the secretaries' motorcade arrived in Zhuo County, Hebei Province, Ye Jianying had been waiting for a long time, Chairman Mao got out of the car, and Ye Jianying greeted him and shook hands with Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao
Chairman Mao asked him, "You have worked hard during this time. Ye Jianying said: "It's not hard, this is all for the sake of the party's safety!" After staying in Zhuo County, Ye Jianying reported on the work of Beiping.
After explaining the route to Beijing, Ye Jianying also said: "After arriving at Xiyuan Airport tomorrow afternoon, an entrance ceremony will be held there, where we will receive a warm welcome from representatives from all walks of life and meet with democrats." ”
At this time, some people advocated that the ceremony of entering the city must be loud and vigorous to the whole world.
Chairman Mao, on the other hand, considered this inappropriate and suggested that the victory of the national revolution should be celebrated only after victory. Therefore, Zhou Enlai suggested that as long as there is a part of the masses, it is enough, and it is mainly necessary to meet with people from all walks of life and democrats. Zhou Enlai's proposal was unanimously adopted by the central authorities.
In the early morning of the next day, Chairman Mao and the leaders boarded a train to Peiping. The train traveled smoothly and soon arrived at Tsinghuayuan Station.
The Beiping Xinhua News Agency released the news at the first time, and the people of Beiping instantly boiled up after learning about it.
Chairman Mao
Chairman Mao stepped off the train, shook hands and greeted all the people who greeted him, and then Chairman Mao went all the way to the Summer Palace. Asked about the summer palace takeover staff, he said: "How is the summer palace taking over now, and how many old workers and workers have been taken over?" ”
The receivers answered one by one, and the chairman was very satisfied after listening, he said: "Do a very good job, do not dismiss the original employees, and the same as the previous salary, do not hurt the hearts of the workers." ”
In the afternoon, the Xiyuan Airport officially held a military parade, and Chairman Mao slowly walked to the airport to shake hands with representatives from all walks of life amid the sound of military music and cheers. After that, Chairman Mao got into a jeep and stood on it waving.
After the military parade, Ye Jianying reported on the current situation in Xiangshan, and after receiving acceptance from the central authorities, Chairman Mao moved into the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan.
However, the Shuangqing Villa is only a temporary residence, and the most important thing at the moment is to find a suitable residence for the central leaders as soon as possible to ensure the safety of the leaders.
Double clear villa
"I don't move, I don't do emperor"
Shuangqing Villa is the residence of Xiong Xiling, former premier of the Beiyang government, where Chairman Mao usually rests and works in Zhongnanhai. Zhongnanhai was originally the royal forbidden garden of the Qing Dynasty, and now it has become the office of the central government and the State Council.
When Ye Jianying was stationed in Beiping, he took over the Beijing Hotel and Zhongnanhai. In order to be able to use Zhongnanhai as the residence of leaders in the future.
In June 1949, the Preparatory Meeting for the New Political Consultative Conference was successfully held at the Zhongnanhai Qinzheng Hall. At the meeting, the Central Committee elected Chairman Mao as the chairman of the Preparatory Standing Committee.
Since then, Chairman Mao has sometimes rested in the Haiju Xiang Bookstore in Zhongnanhai, and when the official rest comes, Chairman Mao will return to the villa in Xiangshan.
The central authorities believe that Chairman Mao's travel between the two places is really not a long-term solution, and it is very unfavorable to the defense of Chairman Mao's security. At that time, social security was not very good, although there was Ye Jianying's purging before, but there were still many spies in the shadows.
Ye Jianying
Therefore, Ye Jianying invited Chairman Mao to move into Zhongnanhai, but Chairman Mao did not agree. When he heard that he wanted to live in the place where the emperor of feudal society lived, Chairman Mao was suddenly unhappy, and he did not want to have anything to do with the feudal dynasty.
Ye Jianying had no choice but to mobilize other leaders of the CPC Central Committee to persuade Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao waved his hand angrily and said, "I don't move, I don't want to be an emperor, this Ye Jianying is really stubborn!" ”
Zhou Enlai knew that Chairman Mao was not really criticizing Ye Jianying, but only a little resistant to the feudal dynasty, so he said: "You should listen to the 'parent official', he knows the situation in Peiping very well, and he is also for the security of the central government!" ”
Chairman Mao still did not agree: "I will not listen, this is a matter of principle." Zhou Enlai smiled and said, "Comrade Ye Jianying is also adhering to his principles." Chairman Mao did not speak and refused to continue the subject.
Zhou Enlai also understood that this matter could not be rushed too much, and that Chairman Mao would have to fundamentally stop rejecting Zhongnanhai.
Zhou Enlai
Chairman Mao avoided talking about this question for a long time, and the Central Committee also made difficulties, so the Central Committee put this issue on the table in the Politburo. At the meeting, Zhou Enwen said: "If the chairman does not live in, we cannot sit back and relax!" Zhu De also took up the conversation next to him, saying: "Yes, Zhu Mao can't be divided, I live in Zhongnanhai now, how can Chairman Mao live outside?" ”
The other comrades attending the meeting also immediately persuaded Chairman Mao, and Chairman Mao could not resist the bitter persuasion of the crowd and finally agreed to move into Zhongnanhai.
There was a "Fortress Garden" in Zhongnanhai, and Ye Jianying had people clean it early. The reason why Ye Jianying used this garden as the chairman's residence is because Chairman Mao's words "Runzhi" and "Fengze" are very compatible. The ancients had the way of governing the country by "zerun and living with the people", and Chairman Mao lived here, which was most suitable.
Zhou Enlai moved into Zhongnanhai earlier than Chairman Mao, and when he first visited Zhongnanhai, he had a crush on Fortress Garden, but when he saw the picturesque scenery in Fortress Garden, and the Juxiang Book House in the garden was in good condition, he immediately thought of Chairman Mao and offered to let Chairman Mao live in it, and he moved to the West Flower Hall.
Zhou Enlai
Located in a courtyard in Fortress Garden, juxiang bookstore has 7 towering trees in the sky, and in the summer, the lush leaves of the trees form a large shade in the sun, and Chairman Mao will play with the children in the shade when he is free.
There are five houses on each side of this courtyard, Chairman Mao's bedroom is on the north landlord's side, the two rooms are connected to each other, and there is a large wooden bed in which the chairman sleeps.
Originally, the guards made a box-spring bed, but the chairman was not satisfied, he said that the wooden bed could rest well, so he let people change it to a wooden bed. Sleeping on a wooden bed was Chairman Mao's habit for many years and his secret recipe for fatigue.
In addition to this bed, there was a desk, a set of sofas and several sets of bookshelves, and nothing else. The room on the north side of the middle room of the courtyard is where Chairman Mao meets and works. But most of the chairpersons were still in their bedrooms to approve documents.
Chairman Mao sat on a rattan chair and looked at everything in the courtyard, and could not help but sigh and said, "This courtyard is very elegant and quiet, if only a few chrysanthemums could come." ”
In fact, before Chairman Mao moved in, many flowers were raised here, but the chairman asked all of them to move away. Why?
The guards were also very strange, and after asking the chairman, Chairman Mao gave the answer, he said: "Because there are many people who come to me, not only local leaders, but also workers and peasants." They came to see me, if all the flowers here are, it is inevitable that some people will look at me with the same effect, this kind of atmosphere can not be cultivated! ”
After hearing this, the guards suddenly realized that Chairman Mao was worthy of being a model for the whole Chinese people.
Juxiang Bookstore has a faint scent of books
Chairman Mao lived in Juxiang Bookstore for 17 years, working for more than 6,000 days and nights, leaving all his life's energy there. Gradually Chairman Mao fell in love with this place, and he once said: "As soon as I walked in here, I felt the feeling of home. ”
Chairman Mao
After Chairman Mao moved into the Juxiang Bookstore, he said to his staff: "Don't mess with every grass and tree here, try to maintain its original appearance, don't demolish the house, let alone decorate it." "But after all, it is a century-old house, and in all respects it is not as good as a modern house." Out of consideration for Chairman Mao's life, the Central Committee still decided to renovate the Juxiang Bookstore.
First of all, the construction team wanted to build a bathroom in Chairman Mao's residence, and there were many rooms in the Juxiang Bookstore, but there was no place to wash, and life was very inconvenient.
At first, Chairman Mao did not agree with anything, and the Central Committee had no choice but to carry out construction while Chairman Mao was away from Beijing to work. At that time, the construction team experienced difficulties and dangers when it was working, and many leaders were working during the day, and the sound of construction would affect them. Construction teams can only work overtime at night.
In this way, the construction team built two bathrooms in the Juxiang Bookstore, and Chairman Mao used one alone, which was also equipped with sanitary ware, a small bathtub, and a toilet.
When Chairman Mao returned, he was not angry, but said that he would not change it in the future. Later, after a long time, Chairman Mao did not use the toilet. The construction team changed the toilet to a squat type, and by the way, the chairman's bathtub was enlarged.
After Chairman Mao's "transformation," Juxiang Bookstore gradually dissipated its feudal atmosphere, and even contaminated with the chairman's book aroma.
The most emblematic place in Juxiang Bookstore that best reflects Chairman Mao's charm is that his bedroom is full of books. There were tall books on the walls, at the head of the bed, and on the desks. The books on the shelves were arranged by the librarian according to his needs. It is even rearranged every once in a while.
Chairman Mao loves books as fate, and this is not to say that cherishing books does not cause harm to books, but books here refer to knowledge, and as long as the chairman is not busy with his work, he will pick up books to read. When I was tired of sitting and watching, I would lie down and read, and the book would not leave my hand. Even when he goes out, he chooses a few books to take with him, and at any time he can see the chairman immersed in the world of books.
Unlike most readers, which book Chairman Mao likes, the book is very "messy" in it. If there are very good sentences or words, Chairman Mao will circle them with a pen, and then comment on them, comment on them, and some symbols that only he can understand.
Chairman Mao
There are a lot of books in Chairman Mao's room, and according to statistics, the total number of books in the collection reaches 60,000 to 70,000 volumes, which can be regarded as a small library.
The collection of books here has been hoarded since the beginning of the war, and Chairman Mao once said: "With learning, it is like standing on a mountain, you can see things far away." Without learning, such as walking in a dark ditch and groping, it will be painful. ”
Stand tall and look far. What entrusts Chairman Mao to the mountain is not the real mountain, but books and profound knowledge. Reading became his greatest hobby, after suffering from cataracts, he still insisted on reading, and the people around him were worried about his body and persuaded him to rest, so he said: "Don't worry, I still have a magnifying glass!" ”
I picked up the book again and continued to read it, but the people around me couldn't persuade me to move. Once, the nurse Next to meng Jinyun found that the chairman had read the book for several hours and still read it again, so he persuaded several times, but the chairman still did not answer. Meng Jinyun thought that the chairman did not hear, so he raised the volume to remind.
I didn't expect the chairman to suddenly get angry and let Meng Jinyun go out, not allowed to disturb him to read. Afterwards, Chairman Mao felt as if he were too serious and apologized to Meng Jinyun.
In fact, Meng Jinyun did not put the chairman's anger in his heart, everyone has their own hobbies, forcibly taking away will definitely be angry, Meng Jinyun understands this feeling.
Later, Meng Jinyun would gently persuade the chairman every time she reminded her, and sometimes when she saw that the chairman was already asleep with the book in his hand, she wanted to take the book out of the chairman's hand, but as soon as she touched the book, Chairman Mao would immediately wake up and continue to read.
Books can be said to have accompanied Chairman Mao throughout his life, and Chairman Mao was always studying no matter what the environment, when, and where he was. Books are his spiritual world and the source of his happiness in life. The knowledge in the book made him broaden his horizons, gave him infinite strength, and was the wealth of his life.
Today, there are still traces of Chairman Mao in Zhongnanhai, where the great revolutionary left everything he had, and his spirit will forever be passed on to the world.