"Eight Voices of Ganzhou Winter Solstice"
Count the old age of the year, waiting for a yang life.
The days are long and the nights are short, the winter is fat and thin, and the geese are welcoming.
Several places called Xiang Gongfu, socks to offer a little sincerity.
Pointing to the children's hat, the tiger phoenix is shaped.
Brush your hair a thousand times in the morning, so that the six gods are comfortable and the five organs are prosperous.
Set up a good meeting to cool off, nine nine dye Mei Ying.
Outside the extreme cold, the body is dissolved, the dynamic spring, and the strange appearance is strange.
The three sheep are on the paper between the walls, and the Kaitai is peaceful.
The winter solstice is justified
The winter solstice is the twenty-second of the twenty-four solar terms, and on December 21 or 22 of each year, the sun reaches 270 degrees of ecliptic longitude and crosses the winter solstice. The northern hemisphere has the shortest days and the longest nights on the winter solstice, with the sun hitting the Tropic of Cancer. The winter solstice is one of the earliest observed "two points" and "two solstices" observed by the ancients. Specifically, it is one of the first four solar terms formulated by the Zhou Dynasty of China to observe the sun with Tugui. The winter solstice is an important solar term. To this day, we are still accustomed to calling the november of the lunar calendar the winter solstice month. The "Explanation of the Seventy-two Waiting For the Moon Order" says: "In the middle of the winter solstice in November, the final hidden qi has reached this point and is extremely high. The "Filial Piety Sutra" says that "the bucket finger is the winter solstice, and there are three meanings, one is the cathode, the two are the beginning of the yang, and the three are the south of the day, so it is called the solstice." From this point of view, "to" has both the meaning of the apex and the extreme, and the meaning of coming and arriving. It is no wonder that people regard the winter solstice as a traditional festival. After the day of the winter solstice, the day time gradually lengthens, and the day lengthens by one minute, which is derived from the saying that "the winter solstice is born of the sun". There are many names for the winter solstice, some of which are called "long solstice festivals" because of the extreme length of the sun's shadow, some of which are called "long festivals" because of the initial length of the sun's sundial, and some of which are called "short solstice festivals" and "short day festivals" because of the extreme length of the day, and some are called "long days" because the daytime time has gradually increased since then. Although there are many names, the reason is one.
The Midwinter Moon of the Book of Rites and Moon Decrees says, "It is the moon, the sun is short, the yin and yang are fighting, and all beings are in turmoil." This means that this month, there are the shortest days of the day, the yin and yang begin to compete, and everything has a budding meaning and image. Therefore, the Book of Rites and the Order of the Moon requires that "a gentleman should take the vows of qi (fasting), conceal himself everywhere, desire to be at peace, go to sound and color, forbid his desires, be peaceful in his form, and be quiet in things, so that the yin and yang are determined." "The gist is to ask the gentleman to fast and calm his body, to desire peace, and to wait for the matter to be decided." According to the Book of Rites and The Order of the Moon, even on the month of the winter solstice, the imperial court "may dismiss officials from doing nothing and remove the useless ones", and adopt relevant measures to help the closure of heaven and earth.
The winter solstice is three
At the beginning of the winter solstice is earthworm knots.
"Li Ji • Moon Order" Kong Yingda Shu said: "'Earthworm knot', Cai Yun: 'Knot Yu Qu Ye.'" The earthworm is in the cave, bending its head downwards, and the yang qi is like the upper head, so its knot is bent'." The "Explanation of the Seventy-Two Waiting Collections of the Moon Order" explains the "earthworm knot" and says: "When the six yin and cold poles are extremely cold, the earthworms are intertwined and like ropes." "Self-knotting and interlocking knots are like ropes, although they are two different status quo, but in general they are in a state of curling and tangling. All things and all things are inextricably linked to nature' cultivation and longevity, and there are those we have recognized, those that we have not yet recognized, those that are yet to be explained and studied, and those that may never be solved, and this is where the infinite greatness of the infinitely great natural creation lies. If, as Kong Shu said, the earthworm worm can sense yin and yang, solidify its nature, and also the instinct given by the creation of heaven and earth. If not, it can be understood that the earth is frozen, frozen, and the earthworms are frozen in the dirt or curled up and stiff, or entangled with each other, and there is a knot in the rope.
The second day of the winter solstice is elk horn solution.
Regarding this phenology, the basic understanding of people in the past was that the elk is a yin beast, and the winter solstice cathode is born and the yang is born and angled. The "Explanation of the Seventy-two Waiting Collections of the Moon Order" explains the "Elk Horn Solution" and says: "Say see the deer antlers to solve it". According to the "antler solution" in the first season of the summer solstice, the "Moon Order Seventy-two Waiting Solution" after saying the antler solution, said the situation of the "elk horn solution": "The winter solstice is born of a yang, and the elk feels the yang and the horn is dissolved." It is the pole of the summer solstice yang, and the winter solstice yin pole also. Kong Yingda of the Book of Rites and Moon Orders said: "There is no clear basis for the 'elk horn solution' and many speakers." Xiong's cloud 'deer is a mountain beast, and the summer solstice has yin qi and dissolves its horns. The elk is a zealbee, so the winter solstice gets the yang qi and dissolves the horns'. Now the elk is the yin beast, the lust and the wandering, the winter solstice yin side retreats to dissolve the horns, and the image of retreating from the yin. The deer is a yang beast, lustful and swimming in the mountains, the summer solstice to get the yin and untangle the horns, from the yang retreat of the elephant. There is no clear evidence, so it is a little bit of a discussion. If the solar terms are early, the elk horn is solved in November, so the "Xia Xiaozheng" cloud 'November elk horn fall' is also. If the solar terms are late, the December elk horn is solved, so the "Xiaozheng" cloud 'December meteorite elk horn'". The elk is a mammal, larger than a cow, the hair is light brown, although its neck is like a camel, its tail is like a donkey, its hooves are like cattle, the male has horns, and its horns are like deer, which should be called "four elephants", however, if you look at it as a whole, it is not like any animal, so it is commonly known as "four unlike". Native to China, the elk is a precious and rare beast and a national first-class protected animal. Wild elk are extinct. According to Sogou Encyclopedia, the extant ones are the descendants of the elk raised in the Royal Hunting Garden of Nanyuan in Beijing, which is characterized by a particularly long tail and a particularly developed eyebrow branch, forming the shape of the main branch. The time of the elk and deer's horn shedding is different, whether it is because of the role of yin and yang qi, it is unknown, but this difference does exist.
The three seasons of the winter solstice are the movement of water springs.
Zheng Xuan of the Book of Rites and Moon Orders notes: "The water spring moves, and the run goes up." The "Seventy-two Waiting Solutions to the Moon Order" explains that "water springs move" and says: "The water one, born of the sun of tianyi, is born and moves." Now a yang was born, so yun'er. "Generally speaking, when things reach the extreme, there will be twists and turns, and the reason for profit and loss is known to everyone." The winter solstice day is short to the extreme, after which the day is longer than a day, the sunshine time is longer, the heat naturally increases, which is the yin to the extreme, the yang, although it is latent and dark, and its potential is inevitable. The winter solstice cathode, and a yang occurs, the water spring is submerged, and gradually moisturizes, gradually from the bottom up. This is the necessity of natural physics. This is a sign of the recovery of yang qi and the beginning of the recovery of the earth. However, due to the sun's exposure at this time, the location of our country and the direction of the sea and land wind, in the heat and pay, we still get less, pay more, the weather will continue to be cold, and will be colder for a period of time, into the "number nine" cold day.
Winter solstice flowers
Cheng Yuwen's "Hundred Flowers Calendar" says that November "banana flowers are red, loquat buds, pine cypress shows, bee butterfly stings, ribbon cutting times, flower trade winds to". Among them, there is "Pine Cypress Show", and Chen Jiru also included pine in the flower department in his group flower preparation, here we will talk about pine flowers.
The ornamental value of pine trees is very high, and the pine flowers are obscured by the ornamental value of the pine trees themselves and are not very important. According to Baidu Encyclopedia, pine flowers, also known as pine yellow. It is the flower that loosens the horsetail, also known as the pine pen head. In fact, not only the masson pine will flower, under normal circumstances, every kind of pine tree will flower, but they have few flowers, no petals, and they are not fragrant, and they do not attract attention. If we usually look closely, we will find that there are many small yellowish globules of flowers growing at the base of the new branches. Pine trees vary in species, and there are also differences in the season of flowering. Cedars bloom in October and November of each year, red pines mainly bloom in April in the spring, and money pines bloom in April and May in spring. Most pine trees bloom mainly in the spring in March and April.
Cheng Yuwen said that the pine cypress show should have both snow release flowers and pine cypress evergreen meanings.
I love pine trees and have paid attention to pine blossoms. But when I was young, because of a poem by Li He, I always had a little sense of distance from Songhua. Li He has a poem "Nanshan Tianzhongxing" that says: "Autumn no Ming, autumn wind white, pond water blazing insects." Yungen moss mountain stone, cold red weeping dew delicate color. Araragi September rice fork teeth, sting fireflies low fly long trail oblique. Stone veins flow water spring dripping sand, ghost lamp like lacquer dot pine flowers. "I was really terrified of this "ghost lamp like a painted pine flower." Later, I found that the ghost lamp in Li He's poem, such as the lacquer-dotted pine flower, was not really written about the pine flower, but to highlight the gloomy environment, saying that the phosphorus fire between the graves at night was like a flower dotted among the dark pine forests. This also relieved me of the fear and misunderstanding of Pine Blossom in my heart. Now that I think about it, I am ashamed of my shallow ignorance at the time. In fact, in the Daxing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia, pine trees are an important tree species, and we all like it very much.
Although I have not written about pine blossoms, I have written pine branches, which is a song called "Waves and Sands":
"Two streams of wind came and rolled the dragon. Green needle old dry rush. A few strokes were written as true qi, filling the heavens. Can remember the peak, the mountain road is like a bow. It was refreshing. The cloud foot flew diagonally away from the realm, a long rainbow. ”
I also have two poems about Gu Song, one of which is "Remembering the Ancient Man • Gu Song":
"Mei Pi Qiao Song, Lei Qiang, Rain and Snow Wei, Lin Qian Ling." Come and look at the eighteen gongs of good dreams, there is really a dragon rhyme. Spring, summer, autumn and winter do not ask. Zhaokang River, bluestone prints. Ning RongZhiju, not to dissolve the poria, still Shen Jun. ”
The second is "Qinyuan Chun • Title Friends Paint Huangbaishan Ancient Pine":
"The yellow cedar famous area, full of wild dragons and snakes, the road is close to the daolin." There are branches and old, roots are intertwined, shade is deep grass, and scales are introduced to the dust. The eyes of the law are idle, the flowers are fishy, and the lake is not worthy of people. Return to the matter, only arrange the ink magic, spread loose new. Care for the long clouds of Daling. Remember a few of the winds and feel sorry for this body. Love two peaks and streams of music, flow clear horse training, a pool of frog drums, really like thunder. The essence of the sun and the moon, the immortal weather, the three provinces continue to extend the most pure. Invade the morning, and write part-time, and chase the soul. ”
In addition, there is a poem "Five Laws" about the pine forest of Hailar West Mountain:
"The most is the night of the Western Mountains, with a long body of 100,000 pines." The majestic wind drives the iron horse, and the cold moon fights the heavenly dragon. The dry is more than a thousand feet old, and the root plate is a hundred weights. Coming to the rivers and seas, I thought of this and shook my heart. ”
It's just a pity that no one wrote pine flowers. After that, I will make up for this lesson.
Pine tree is one of the three friends of the han, and the ancient Chinese zhishi benevolent humanist doctor as a monk and a humane crown also regard pine as a friend. Ancient texts: Fa Qian Hidden Mountain, or ask: Who is Shengyou? It refers to Matsumoto: This Cangyan Shuya. Xian Yu Bo Ji got a strange pine plant in the abandoned garden, transplanted before the fast, and called it a branch. Tao Hongjing loves the pine wind, the courtyard is planted, and every time he hears it, he is happy to enjoy himself. To this day, people still regard the pine tree very seriously, because it does not wither through winter, is evergreen in all seasons, and has a virtuous and virtuous attitude.
Winter solstice farming
During the winter solstice season, the average temperature in all parts of Inner Mongolia has dropped below -10 °C, about -12 °C to -20 °C in the west, and below -25 °C in some places in the north. At this time, the permafrost layer was further thickened, and the Yellow River in the Loop area began to close the river. Precipitation is scarce and is all solid precipitation. At this time, the "number nine" weather is entered, it is the agricultural leisure season, and attention should be paid to the cold protection of livestock. Daily household chores and agriculture-related work such as fertilizer and circle lifting are still possible to overcome difficulties and continue, during this period, people's industriousness and laziness, obedience and narrowness, can be best seen in the small trifles of daily life.
Winter solstice customs
In the old days, the winter solstice was an important festival of the year, and there is a saying that "the winter solstice is as big as the year". In fact, the winter solstice was indeed a year in ancient times. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor once took the winter solstice as Shuodan, and the Zhou Dynasty followed the calendar, with the month where the winter solstice is located, that is, the month of Jianzi (november of the lunar calendar), as the beginning of the year, and the winter solstice day as the beginning of the year. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty switched to the Taichu calendar that the month of Jianyin was the first year and was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty. For this reason, the winter solstice in the old times also had the names of "sub-year", "sub-year", "small year", "winter festival", "winter festival" and so on.
Since the winter solstice is greater than the "sub-year" of the year, the festival activities in the old days are naturally very rich, and in some places, some etiquette, and even more than the Spring Festival, which is what people call "fat winter and thin year".
The grand and lively winter solstice day is the most popular in the Song Dynasty. Meng Yuanlao's "Tokyo Dream Record" said: "The Beijing master attaches the greatest importance to this festival, although the poorest, within a year, accumulate false loans, so that it is easier to wear new clothes, prepare food, and enjoy the ancestors." Officials let go of the pass and celebrate the exchanges, just like the New Year's Day. In the Southern Song Dynasty, "the heaviest one is The Yang He Winter" "Within three days, the shops and the markets were all on strike, and the curtains were hanging down to drink, which was called 'doing festivals'".
Although with the passage of time, the winter solstice festival has gradually been forgotten, and the activities have only survived, and there is no revival. However, in different parts of the country, there are still different ways to spend the winter solstice. In general, there are several aspects of diet, socialization, sacrifice, and taboos.
In terms of diet, dumplings and wontons should be used in the northern region, and tangyuan should be used in the south. Family banquets should be organized where conditions permit. Eating wontons has the saying of "breaking the chaos" and making people smart, and eating dumplings has dumplings also called dumplings, harmonic rubber ears, after eating, glue sticks to the ears, so as not to freeze and freeze off. Eating tangyuan has such sayings as "celebrating Yangsheng", "taking its circle to reach Yang Qi", and "praying for reunion". Many places in the south make tangyuan the day before the winter solstice and eat them on the winter solstice day. "The family pounds rice for reunion, knowing that it is the winter solstice day of the Ming Dynasty", paying attention to a lot, this is not the same. In addition, in terms of food, there are also rice dumplings, rice fins, red rice porridge, rice cakes, lamb, fish raw, vegetable buns, etc., which can be used as a holiday diet.
From a social point of view, there are He Dong, worship teachers and so on. At the same time, there is also the custom of giving socks to the honorable chief. Cao Zhi's "Winter Solstice Socks Performance List" has words such as Yingfu Jianchang, Ya Nian Yingxiang, and Long Footstep Naqing. In addition, the old custom also has shoes for in-laws, hats for children, boys' hats with tiger-shaped dog-shaped and so on, and girls' hats with phoenix-shaped styles.
In terms of sacrificial taboos, it is not much different from the sacrifices of other festivals. Our "Eight Voices of Ganzhou Winter Solstice" on the film: "Count the age of the sub-year as the year, and wait for the yang to be born." The days are long and the nights are short, the winter is fat and thin, and the geese are welcoming. Several places called Xiang Gongfu, socks to offer a little sincerity. Pointing to children's hats, tigers and phoenixes in the shape", that is, writing about the custom of the winter solstice.
Starting from the winter solstice day, enter the "number nine" weather. "Number nine", also known as "winter nine nine", is the opposite of "summer nine nine" that begins on the summer solstice day. "Counting nine" refers to counting nine nine eighty-one days backwards from the day of the winter solstice or the day after the winter solstice, and to the last six days of the following year's sting. The eighty-one days of "counting nine" coincided with the cold to warm, the yin and yang long process, and the weather gradually warmed up from the extreme cold of the winter solstice.
Different regions have different "winter nine nine songs", that is, "number nine songs", this song is mainly based on the local weather reality summary and creation, the region can not be the same as this cool and hot, the local "number nine songs" are naturally different. The "Counting Nine Song" in our hometown is "1929 Frozen Feet Frozen Hands." Three-nine-four-nine frozen pigs and dogs, five-nine-six-nine sleeves arched, seven-nine rivers open, eight-nine geese come, nine-nine plus one-nine, ploughs and cattle walk all over the ground." Three or nine days are the coldest, the first seven days of the first month of the wax, the cold is frightening, the so-called "lap seven lap eight, freeze off the chin" is also.
Regarding the "number nine", in the old days, people hung the "nine nine cold map", and there were also three sheep "Kaitai" map. There are also wine feasts and drinks, and the so-called "cold meetings" are done.
Of these rituals, Kong Shangren's "Records of the Same Wind in the Order of the Festivals" has as many as thirty winter solstice articles, and the number of them is as follows. "Comb your hair 1,200 in the morning and night to praise the Yang Qi, the circulation of the five internal organs, the name 'Immortal Hair Washing Method'" "Into the parents' new socks, foot cloth, called 'walking long', also known as 'greeting the blessing and practicing the long'" "Set up a feast to celebrate, called 'Qing Chang Feast', also known as 'Cold Elimination Meeting' and 'Winter Wine'" "Morning Food Tender Tofu, Known as 'Chaotic Brain', People Forgetful" "Hanging 'Sheep Prince Figure', called 'One Yang Coming'; Re-painting Three Sheep, Two Sleeping Together, Known as 'Kaitai'" "Paste' Ninety-nine cold-off diagram', its figure is based on balsa wood as a kuang, back sheet of plain paper, yellow paper on the face, eighty-one circles of alum ink on the surface, the circle is coated with nitrate coal, divided into nine districts and three layers, finely draws the arsenic line to connect it, twists and turns upwards, as the day-to-day road, starting from the winter solstice, according to the number of circles nine, such as the number of qi after the child, that is, from this day onwards, the exchange of gas in the afternoon, is counted from the next day. Every morning, burning incense heads, burning an ink circle, revealing a white circle, nine nine and nine and the cold disappear. Thought to be the image of yang life. Song: 'One nine does not shoot.' Two nine ice walking. Three-nine skin cracks. Four or nine, the living are frozen. Five or nine to, the day does not leave the stove. Six or nine cold, the wind does not penetrate the bones. Seven nine sixty-three, when the noon pedestrians seem to be drunk. Eighty-nine-seventy-two, and early cool spikes like thorns. Ninety-nine eighty-one, the poor of the world suffered. 'Or draw a branch of a plum, whose petals are eighty and one, and the sun dyes one petal, and the petals are full of spring. The name is 'number nine'" "The child carries the chicken feather to plant the money hole, called 'Kenko', the foot kicks, a hundred times does not fall is a victory, or several people kick, or two people kick, all of them are the method of foot fighting." ”
In the words of our "Eight Voices of Ganzhou Winter Solstice", "Comb your hair a thousand times in the morning, so that the six gods are comfortable and the five organs are prosperous." Set up a good meeting to cool off, nine nine dye Mei Ying", "three sheep on the paper between the walls, kaitai tranquility", written is the custom remembered by Kong.