Li Gen is from the Vice Pilot Temple
Smart car reference | Official account AI4Auto
Suddenly, like a spring breeze overnight, China's autonomous driving commercialization ushered in the strongest assist.
On August 8, the Ministry of Communications issued the "Guidelines for Autonomous Vehicle Transportation Safety Services (Trial)" for comment (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines"), which for the first time made directional provisions and instructions for the commercial landing of autonomous driving.
This is the first time that China has made clear guidance on the commercial use of autonomous driving, and it is also the first shot in the real sense of the world.
In the guide, all aspects of autonomous driving commercial are taken into account -
Who can land? Where to land? What can be done and what cannot be done? How is security guaranteed? What should I do if something goes wrong?
In short, it considers the direction and overall situation, which not only encourages the rapid development of innovative things, but also puts safety in the first place.
And with the release of the guidelines, it also means that China's autonomous driving commercial landing, there are laws to follow, there are rules to follow - comparable to traffic lights.
And interestingly, just after the guidelines were made public, U.S. lawmakers were in a hurry.
What does the guide say?
The overall summary can be seen from three dimensions.
First, who can commercially land?
Second, where can it be commercially implemented? What can be done? What can't be done?
Third, how to ensure safety? What should I do if something goes wrong?
01 Who can commercially land?
Vehicles with autonomous driving capabilities are available.
Yes, the guidelines clearly stipulate that they apply to conditional autonomous vehicles, highly autonomous vehicles, and fully autonomous vehicles.
The guidelines do not dwell on the name debate of L2, L3, L4, L5, etc., and define the autonomous driving capability with conditionality, height and completeness, and maximize the liberalization of the entry threshold.
In a word, there is an automatic driving ability that can be landed.
The restriction is to engage in urban bus (electric) passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road general cargo transport, road passenger transport business activities.
To put it bluntly, you have to use self-driving cars to carry people or goods, and the people can be buses or taxis.
02 What can I do? What can't be done?
The provisions of the scope of landing are on highways (including highways), urban roads and other roads used for social motor vehicle traffic.
However, there are different landing guidelines for specific roads and road conditions:
Encourage the development of autonomous buses in closed system scenarios.
Encourage the development of Robotaxi in scenarios with simple road conditions and relatively controllable conditions.
Encourage the development of autonomous freight on point-to-point trunk roads and relatively closed roads.
Prudent use of autonomous driving for road passenger transport.
The use of autonomous vehicles to transport dangerous goods is prohibited.
The above details have not been expanded, but the general direction that can be perceived is relatively clear:
Encourage autonomous driving to serve daily life production. Whether it's bus, taxi or trunk logistics.
And it is worth noting that the "closed rapid transit system" in autonomous buses has not been expanded, but combined with the context, it may not only include brt and other modes, but also a summary of bus travel with fixed station routes.
In addition, combined with the actual landing of autonomous bus travel in various places, it is also a closed loop of the bus system, rather than a closure on road conditions and scenes.
As well as the prudent development of autonomous road passenger transport, it can also be seen that the current distinction mainly from road conditions is long-distance and high-speed.
03 How to ensure safety? What should I do if I have an accident?
In terms of safety and security, specific requirements are put forward from the unit, vehicle, person and process.
Unit, the main body of operation of the landing service. Registered in accordance with the law, in line with the corresponding business scope and business.
Those engaged in taxi passenger transport, ordinary freight and road passenger transport need to have the corresponding licensing qualifications.
It is also necessary to meet the relevant operational qualification requirements of the region.
Vehicles, autonomous vehicles that provide services.
It is necessary to have a license plate, register a motor vehicle in accordance with the law, and obtain a motor vehicle number plate and a motor vehicle driving license.
To have documents, autonomous vehicles engaged in taxi passenger transport, road general cargo transport, road passenger transport operations should also obtain the corresponding "Online Reservation Taxi Transport Certificate" or "Road Transport Certificate" in accordance with the law.
It is also necessary to have qualifications, and the autonomous vehicles engaged in the passenger transportation of urban public buses (electric vehicles) should also meet the relevant operating qualification requirements of the national and local urban people's governments.
Plus, insurance comes standard.
Auto insurance, autonomous vehicles engaged in transportation business shall be insured with compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance, production safety liability insurance and motor vehicle third-party liability insurance with an insurance amount of not less than 5 million yuan.
PICC, self-driving cars engaged in road passenger transportation and online reservation taxi passenger transportation shall also be insured with carrier liability insurance in accordance with relevant national regulations.
Third, the requirements for people.
Driver. Conditional autonomous driving and highly autonomous vehicles engaged in transportation operations shall be equipped with drivers.
Cloud driver or security officer. Fully autonomous vehicles engaged in transportation operations should be equipped with remote drivers or safety officers.
The above personnel must go through relevant assessment tests, master the instructions for the use of automatic driving, be familiar with the operation and route, and have the ability to take over and dispose of emergency.
Finally, the guidelines also provide security in terms of process mechanisms.
For example, the landing route and plan should make it clear that the operation route of the self-driving car should be far from the crowded places such as schools, hospitals, and large supermarkets.
As well as in bad weather such as rain, snow and ice, the use of autonomous vehicles to engage in transportation business activities should be stopped in accordance with regulations.
In addition, there is a need for real-time monitoring and management of autonomous vehicles.
On the one hand, the vehicle operating area, operating line, operating conditions are monitored and managed, and timely reminded to correct and deal with violations of laws and regulations.
On the other hand, autonomous vehicles engaged in transportation operations shall have the functions of recording, storing and transmitting the operating status of the vehicles, and transmit relevant information to the transport operators and the competent departments of transportation in the territory in a timely manner
And in the event of an accident or failure of the automatic driving function of the vehicle, the operating status information of at least 90 seconds before the incident and at least 30 seconds after the incident is automatically recorded and stored.
The operating status information includes at least: basic vehicle information, change of control mode, received remote control instructions, operating status, human-computer interaction and image situation inside and outside the vehicle.
In addition, the overall process also needs to have an emergency mechanism, regular drills, and active reporting of problems.
As well as if there are the following problems, they will face interviews and rectification:
- 1. Failing to equip autonomous vehicles with drivers in accordance with regulations;
- 2. Failure to dynamically monitor autonomous vehicles in accordance with regulations;
- 3. Failing to record, store and transmit information on the operating status of autonomous vehicles in accordance with regulations, as well as providing false vehicle operating information;
- 4. Production safety liability accidents occur;
- 5. There are other safety risks that affect the operation of autonomous vehicles.
Finally, if an accident occurs, it is necessary to do a good job of on-site disposal or emergency handling of the accident, and report the accident to the transportation, public security, emergency management and other departments at the place of the accident in a timely manner.
Subsequently, we will cooperate with the relevant vehicle recall and rectification work, eliminate safety hazards in a timely manner, and continuously improve the safety performance of autonomous vehicles.
Impact: domestic encouragement, foreign anxiety
There is no doubt that after a complete understanding of the "Autonomous Vehicle Transportation Safety Service Guide (Trial)", the meaning and value behind it are self-evident.
This is also the first directional guidance document for the commercial landing of autonomous driving in China, which points out the direction for how to commercially land autonomous driving.
Prior to this, the mainland has actually introduced a series of policies to support and promote the development of autonomous driving technology, and various localities have also continuously guided the landing of autonomous driving through policies and regulations.
For example, the Shenzhen Smart Car Act, which came into effect on August 1, clearly stipulates rights and responsibilities.
At the time when the Ministry of Transport's guidelines were released, Wuhan and Chongqing also issued pilot policies for the commercialization of autonomous driving, allowing autonomous vehicles without safety officers in the car to carry out commercial services on social roads.
For a while, there was a scene of fiery cooking oil and blooming flowers.
And it can be expected that the release of the guidelines is only the beginning, will lead to more specific rules, more local relevant policies out of the release, and constantly improve The closed-loop system of China's automatic driving from technology to landing to commercialization will greatly promote the development of China's automatic driving and further clarify the global leading trend of China's automatic driving that has begun to see the beginning.
Of course, this Chinese speed, the other side of the Pacific is also paying close attention.
Just after the introduction of China's guidelines for the commercial implementation of autonomous driving, two members of the US House of Representatives immediately launched a bipartisan action to once again promote national legislation on autonomous driving \ fully driverless.
We must renew the old norms, break the fragmentation of the 50 states, and ensure that the United States leads the world in the competition for autonomous driving.
Portal: Draft For Comments on the Guidelines for Autonomous Vehicle Transport Safety Services (Trial).
https://xxgk.mot.gov.cn/2020/jigou/ysfws/202208/t20220808_3662374.html