Editor's Note
Recently, the GlobalLy Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage (GIAHS) Conference was held in Qingtian, Zhejiang. As General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed in his congratulatory letter to the Conference, "China is willing to work with the international community to jointly strengthen the protection of agricultural cultural heritage, further tap its economic, social, cultural, ecological, scientific and technological values, help implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.".
What wisdom and strength will the long-standing farming culture contribute to The revitalization of China's countryside and global sustainable development? We specially invite front-line workers to talk about their efforts and experiences, and under their inspiration, they share the historical responsibility and responsibility of protecting agricultural cultural heritage.
In Qingtian, Zhejiang, farmers harvest fish from the field. Bright pictures
In Nanxun District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Hagigang Village, FuZhen, tourists take the "rocking fishing boat" to enjoy the scenery of the ancient village. Bright pictures
In Fuzhou, Fujian Province, flower farmers are picking jasmine flowers. Photo by Lin Shuangwei/Guangming Image
【Focus • Look at "Zhejiang"】
The world's agricultural relics look at China, and China's agricultural relics look at Zhejiang. Up to now, the Qingtian rice-fish symbiosis system, Huzhou Sanji fish pond system and Shaoxing Huijishan ancient fragrant group of three globally important agricultural cultural heritages are shining in the new era——
"Qingtian rice-fish symbiosis" attracted me to return to China to start a business
Xu Guanhong, head of Yugong Ecological Farm
I really did not expect that I would be able to speak at the Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Conference as a representative of overseas Chinese farmers and show the unique charm of Qingtian rice-fish symbiosis to the world. Seventeen years ago, the Qingtian rice-fish symbiosis system was rated as a globally important agricultural cultural heritage, which made me feel very happy to have lived abroad for many years, and the inseparable home and conditions in my heart urged me to embark on a journey back to China.
After I came back, I leased 50 acres of idle land to start Yugong Ecological Farm. It is said that everything is difficult at the beginning, and only when you really pick up the hoe can you know the hardships. Due to the lack of breeding technology, the harvest was not good, and the first 3 years of operation were not ideal. In order to understand the "know-how", I learned rice-fish symbiosis techniques from agricultural technologists and old farmers around me. Slowly, I figured out the delicate balance between fish and rice and the techniques of field management, and the rice and fish production also went up, and the taste became better and better. In order to expand the brand influence, my rice and fish base has developed from the original 50 acres to today's 240 acres. In addition, I also pay special attention to the field fish, a characteristic fish species of Qingtian, which has continued to this day as an important element of the symbiosis of rice and fish for thousands of years, so I have established the Original Species Conservation Center of Qingtian Field Fish to cultivate and reproduce, which better protects the purity of the original species of field fish.
Traditional technology, coupled with new business philosophies, has led to a lot of chemical changes, not only to the success of my rice-fish symbiosis business, but also to the surrounding farmers to join in. Under the guidance of the Qingtian County Government, I participated in the cooperation between the east and the west to help and "marry" the Qingtian tianyu to Gulin County, Sichuan Province, to provide them with fish fry and technology, and to drive everyone to get rich together.
From learning and practicing to inheritance and promotion, I have unconsciously become the inheritor of this globally important agricultural cultural heritage. Now, I feel a heavier burden on my shoulders.
Sankey Fish Pond Attracts "Academician Workstation"
Xu Minli, president of Sanji Fish Pond Industry Association of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province
I grew up in Nanxun District, Huzhou City, and Digang Village, Fu Town, where my home was in a small village near sankey fish pond. In the early years, I "slipped away" and returned to the village to start a grease business. Soon after, our pockets were bulging, but they had a big impact on the environment. Later, when the government mobilized to eliminate "low and small scattered" enterprises, I took the lead in responding. But the factory is closed, what will it depend on in the future? The abandoned wetlands, old mulberry land and small fish ponds in the village came into my eyes.
Also in this year, Hagigang Village began to develop rural tourism, relying on the two "golden business cards" of the ancient village and Sankey Fish Pond, more and more tourists. Except for two small restaurants, there is no place to eat or live in Ogi-kok Village, so I seized this opportunity to start building a hagi-ko fishing village.
In order to maintain the style of the ancient village, I specially asked someone to build an antique building. Slowly, the Hagigang Fishing Village, which integrates fishing and aquaculture, catering and accommodation, leisure vacation, folklore experience and cultural display, has become a landmark building by the Sankey fish pond, and has brought more than 300 jobs to the villagers.
In order to improve the popularity of Sankey Fish Pond, at the end of 2008, I was thinking about organizing a fish feast, specially invited the teacher Fu fu to restore the unique "Chen family dish" in Hagi Harbor, cooked 2,000 pounds of braised fish for tourists to taste for free, and took them to experience fishing songs, fish paintings, cocoon peeling, silk reeling and other projects. Unexpectedly, the fish culture festival suddenly caught fire, and has been on fire until now, becoming a living signboard for Nanxun to tell the story of agricultural relics.
As soon as the popularity began, I led the team to start tapping the potential internally and increasing the added value of agriculture. Hagi Port Village has 5,000 acres of Sanji fish ponds, which produce 3 million kilograms of mulberry leaves every year, and I found a sericulture technology researcher to cooperate in the development of mulberry leaf tea. Seeing the idle fishing barrels, harpoons, diamond barrels and other fishing gear in the villagers' homes, we compiled and directed the "Fisherman's Delight". I also went to well-known colleges and universities in Beijing and Shanghai to sell Sankey fish ponds, but I didn't expect to invite experts.
In 2016, Hagigang Fisherman's House set up two academician workstations and a product research and development center. Relying on the efforts of all sectors of society, in 2017, the "Zhejiang Huzhou Sanji Fish Pond System" passed the review of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and was recognized as a globally important agricultural cultural heritage.
In order to let every tourist "see the water, eat the fish, and remember the homesickness", since 2008, I have tried to build a fish mulberry cultural practice base with the surrounding schools; In 2019, I founded the "Huzhou Yusang Culture Research Institute" to launch the historical humanities and field experience study tour course with the theme of yusang, which is not for other reasons, in order to let more people understand our "baby" and hand over the baton of sankey fish pond protection and development to the next generation.
"Fragrant Dreams" intoxicated new farmers
Zhejiang Zhuji City Cuishengyuan Food Co., Ltd. sales supervisor Xuanjie
In December 2019, I returned to my hometown to visit my grandfather, and I saw that he was still carrying a bamboo basket and stepping on the centipede ladder to climb slowly to the height of the fragrant tree, and my eyes were moist. At that time, just in time for the Zhaojia Town government to call on young people to return to their hometowns to start a business, after much thought, I decided to return to my hometown and become a "new farmer".
Although I grew up in a pile of incense sticks, I was a "layman" in the cultivation, picking and processing of incense sticks. So, from five o'clock in the morning to nine o'clock in the evening, I followed my grandfather and father up the mountain to learn about the grafting and cultivation of the chamomile tree and the daily care of the chamomile tree.
In the depths of our Zhao family town, there are more than 10,000 ancient fragrant trees. Thousands of years ago, the ancestors of Shaoxing artificially selected and grafted wild trees into edible and excellent varieties of fragrant trees, and built fish scale pits around fragrant trees, opened up terraces, and intercropped tea, grains, vegetables, etc. under the woods, forming an agricultural system of "fragrant trees - terraces (fish scale pits) - understory crops", which can not only prevent soil erosion, but also bring higher economic benefits.
His father has been growing fragrant trees for 33 years, and from the initial planting to the later market sales, he has always guarded the fragrant tree industry in his own way. And I opened an e-commerce platform, using a network cable to link consumers across the country. I was fortunate to receive the guidance of Li Jinchang, director of the China Fragrant Tree Museum, and some elderly seniors of the Fragrant Tree Association, such as He Weilu, a forestry and vernacular expert in Shaoxing City, also gave me a lot of guidance.
In the past, farmers only relied on door-to-door recycling, with uneven quality and no price. With the efforts of many parties, we have adopted the method of professional cooperatives, not only docking supermarkets and large group customers offline, but also selling on online platforms, forming a one-stop production, supply and sales.
Recently, I participated in the discussion of The Fragrant Culture Theme Homestay with the person in charge of ZhaoJia Town. In order to explore the diversified value of champagne, I have successively docked with food factories and cosmetics companies, and now there are products such as champagne oil, fragrant cookies, and fragrant masks that are sold simultaneously. I actively dock with various schools and walking classes, open to the public free of charge, and have received tens of thousands of students and tourists over the years, becoming an important window for people to know and understand xiangyu.
Fragrant trees are known as three generations of fruit, and three generations on a tree are in the same hall, symbolizing the inheritance relay of generation after generation. Next, I will continue to develop new products, strengthen docking with leading enterprises, and let this longevity fruit continue from generation to generation.
【First-line narration】
Above the stacked fields, the land of fish and rice
Narrator: Wang Junjie, deputy director of the Duotian Subdistrict Office in Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province
Duotian Street in Xinghua City is known as the "Hometown of a Thousand Stacks". For thousands of years, in order to survive, working people have reclaimed the land and dug ditches, accumulated mud into stacks, and planted vegetables and vegetables. Every spring, rape flowers bloom, forming a beautiful landscape of "the river has thousands of bends and more blue water, and the fields do not have a stack of yellow flowers".
In recent years, in the interaction between people and land, in the interconnection of industry and science and technology, and in the development and protection of mutual assistance, we have magnified the precious value and comprehensive effect of the agricultural cultural heritage of Duotian, so that modern life has become colorful and warmer.
For example, we have taken advantage of the revitalization of the countryside to actively explore and promote new mechanisms, new models and new formats for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage in Duotian. In March last year, the "Taizhou City Duotian Protection Regulations" were promulgated and implemented, which not only provided a guarantee for the survival and beauty of the duotian, but also made more people understand the responsibility on their shoulders. With the help of rural industry revitalization policies, we promote the improvement of the quality of tourism resources such as thousands of cauliflowers and village tours on the stacks; With the help of ecological rural construction projects, we have continuously strengthened the dredging of river ditches and the cleaning of aquatic plant debris, and done a good job in the restoration of the traditional agricultural ecology of duotian; More importantly, we also attract young people to return to their hometowns to start businesses at multiple levels, so that traditional villages are full of vitality.
No, the edible value and industrial value of traditional agricultural products such as Duotian Dragon Sweet Potato and Duotian Chives have been continuously stimulated by excavation. The onion in the field attracts more than 20,000 growers, with an annual output of more than 300,000 tons of chives and an annual output value of more than 3 billion yuan. In July 2020, Xinghua chives were also included in the first batch of protection lists of geographical indications in Europe. Since 2019, our street has also invested in the creation of the "World's First Stack" Rural Eco-cultural Tourism Zone, launching ten micro-scenic spots in the Duotian Agricultural Cultural Heritage Area to improve the public's awareness and pride in farming culture.
This year, our street organizations have organized the activity of "Sending Special Intangible Cultural Heritage to the Countryside", held activities such as "Wuhua Tianbao Humanistic Duotian" Duotian Cultural Heritage, "Thirty-Six Duotian" Story, and "Welcoming the Twenty Great Journey of Striving for a New Journey" Duotian Peasant Painting Comprehensive Tour Exhibition, so that the vast number of villagers can understand the profound history and culture of Duotian at their doorstep. We will continue to give full play to the advantages of the agricultural cultural heritage of the stacked fields, protect the ecology, cultivate brands, strengthen the industry, and strive to build a new era of fish and rice with excellent ecological quality and active ecological economy.
Jasmine blossoms tea fragrant world
Narrator: Ye Naixing, Professor of College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Chief Expert of Fuzhou Jasmine Tea Technology and GlobalLy Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Joint Research Center
"Jasmine is the supreme taste, and it is listed as the first incense in the world." Jasmine tea is a kind of reprocessed tea, tea blank and jasmine flowers through the kiln process, so that the tea blank adsorbed the aromatic substances of jasmine, fresh floral fragrance and mellow tea taste beads combined, forming a poetic and beautiful tea. To protect this globally important agricultural cultural heritage, we must not only rely on the inheritance of skills, but also rely on scientific exploration to make the tea fragrance drift for a long time.
Fuzhou is the birthplace of jasmine tea, and its unique environmental resources and exquisite production technology have created the excellent quality of Fuzhou jasmine tea. In the past ten years, I have completed the demonstration of Processing Technology and Industrialization of Jasmine Tea in Fuzhou, the demonstration and promotion of standardized production technology of Jasmine Tea, and the special planning for the protection and development of Fuzhou Jasmine and Tea Culture System. In April this year, my research team released the high-quality genome of Fuzhou single-petal jasmine and double-petal jasmine in well-known international botany journals, revealing the differentiation and structural variation of different petal types of jasmine, filling the gap in the genomics research of single-petal and double-petal jasmine in Fuzhou, and also finding the "key" of jasmine aroma regulation, laying the foundation for the industrialization and standardization of jasmine.
In recent years, during field investigation and investigation, I am pleased to see that Fuzhou has formed a rational use planting pattern of "planting tea trees in the hills and planting jasmine along the river"; In the process of learning and communicating with relevant tea enterprises such as Chunlun, Minrong, Fuzhou Tea Factory and well-known jasmine tea masters, I deeply experienced the exquisite craftsmanship and aroma of Fuzhou jasmine, which made me feel the heavy responsibility on my shoulders.
In recent years, the Fuzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have coordinated tea culture, tea industry and tea technology, and introduced a series of measures from the aspects of fuzhou jasmine and tea culture system protection, tertiary integration and rural revitalization, etc., to create a characteristic industrial cluster of Fuzhou jasmine tea and the hometown of jasmine tea in the world. I believe that under our common protection, this globally important agricultural cultural heritage will surely blossom in China and fragrant the world.
(Project team: Guangming Daily reporters Zhang Sheng, Lu Jian, Su Yan, Gao Jianjin, Chen Chen, Wang Simin Guangming Daily correspondents Zhang Bin, Xie Shangguo, Fang Cheng)
Guangming Daily ( 2022-07-29 07 edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily