In 938, the "Jianghu Series" was published for the first time. This book comprehensively shows all aspects of the "jianghu" world in Beijing, Tianjin and other places from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, and the author Lian Kuoru was hunted down and killed by underworld figures. In 1980, the book was published as internal materials and was once used by the Beijing film police as a treasure trove to detect various theft and fraud cases. In 1988, the book was officially published again, which was widely popular, and has been reprinted several times since then.
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I. What kinds of "jianghu" deceptions does this book expose?
1. One of the types of deception: deceiving people by creating illusions
Example 1: A beggar who wears only a pair of shorts in the winter is begging on the street. Passers-by saw that his clothes were thin, moved by compassion, and donated money to help. And the beggar begged for hours to be safe.
The secret behind it: the beggar buys a pound of good shochu and a piece of red alum before going out. He first stripped off his clothes, dipped the cotton in wine, and rubbed red alum on his body. After wiping, put a small amount of red alum in the wine and drink the wine. After the drug properties of alcohol and red alum were attacked together, the beggar's body was as hot as charcoal, and the clothes could not be worn at all, so begging along the street for several hours was safe. After the spring flowers bloom, the toxicity of red alum begins to flare up on the skin, and the body is as miserable as a rotten peach. Even so, the only way to look at the present is to earn money and make a living.
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Example 2: The fortune teller does not wait for the guest to open his mouth, he knows that the guest's parents are incomplete, and writes it on the paper in advance, as if he has the ability to predict everything in advance.
The mystery behind it: The paper used by the fortune teller is divided into four layers and eight sides, and various standard answers are written, just according to the answers of the guests on the paper.
2. The second type of deception: creating complex scams to deceive people
Example: A man surnamed Yang and a man surnamed Wang encountered a fugitive with a roll of money and blackmailed him. The man surnamed Yang eventually bought gold utensils, ginseng and other items carried by the absconders at a low price. After the identification, it is known that they are all fakes.
The mystery behind it: The man surnamed Wang and the absconder are accomplices, and they join forces to lure the man surnamed Yang into being deceived.
3. The third type of deception: observe the color of speech
Example: A fortune teller can "predict the prophet", can know the guest's surname Zhang in advance, and want to calculate whether his wife's illness can be better.
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The mystery behind it: The fortune teller deduces the relevant facts based on the words on the bag on the guest's back and the herbs such as safflower bought.
Second, what is "spring point"?
1. The content and function of "Spring Point"
The content of "SpringPoint": The secret language and hidden language that are common within the "jianghu" people, a set of independent languages that are self-contained.
The role of "spring point": "Jianghu" people use "spring point" to communicate information directly, outsiders have no way to know, so that they can help each other, up and down their hands, and defraud money. Therefore, "spring point" is the basic tool for "jianghu" people to make a living.
2. The reflection of "Spring Point" on the psychology of "jianghu" people
Maintaining self-esteem: "Jianghu" people know that what they are doing is not running a business. But in order to survive, it had to be so. Therefore, they use the "spring point" to disguise their behavior and thus achieve self-comfort.
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Sensitive and suspicious: Over the years, people still know what the "jianghu" people are doing to make a living, and they cast blank eyes. Coupled with the difficulty of living, the "jianghu" people are becoming more and more sensitive and suspicious, and many taboos have been formed between each other, and have penetrated into their daily lives, resulting in the so-called "fast", that is, it is necessary to use "spring point" to express certain taboos.
Identification with traditional mainstream values: the identification of women in good families as "children and grandchildren", and widows as "hollow fruits", reflecting the concept of women as tools for inheritance; Calling the teacher "old handsome" (the word "handsome" has the meaning of refreshment and beauty), watching the teacher's performance is called "following the life", which has the meaning of following the master to study seriously, reflecting the respect for the teacher
3. What precious historical materials on the development of quyi have been left in this book?
1. How did the northern commentaries originate: In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a big drum book artist named Wang Hongxing met Liu Jingting, who was later regarded as the grandfather of the storytellers in the southern part of the world. Wang Hongxing received the guidance of Liu Jingting, and his skills were greatly improved. After returning to Beijing to perform, it attracted many eunuchs to come to watch, and because of this, the empress dowager was known and was able to enter the palace to perform. In order to adapt to the many restrictions of the performance in the palace, Wang Hongxing removed the musical instruments and changed the performance form of the big drum book to a simple commentary, supplemented by tables, chairs, and waking wood and other utensils, so that the art of storytelling could be formed. After that, Wang Hongxing continued to teach disciples and pass on the art, so that more schools of commentary developed.
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2. Who is the founder of crosstalk: Zhang Sanlu, who was born around 1790, was originally an octagonal drum artist. It is widely popular because when performing, he likes to catch jokes on the spot and adapt to changes. However, due to his strange personality, he was ostracized, so he performed alone on the street with the four basic skills of speaking, learning, teasing and singing, so that cross-talk gradually formed. Zhang Sanlu then passed on his skills to Zhu Shaowen. Zhu Shaowen eventually became the first generation of cross-talk actors, and the art of cross-talk has also been passed down to this day.
Fourth, the main features of this book
1. Vivid and full of pyrotechnics: The language of this book is in the style of storytelling, lively and funny. In addition, the author Lian Kuoru has been traveling south and north for a long time, personally experiencing many related cases, and organically integrating them into the book, adding a vivid sense of scenes.
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2. Reflect the author's enthusiasm and conscience, responsibility and sincerity: Lian Kuoru, as a person in the "jianghu", dares to reveal many of them, especially the core secrets and disks such as "Spring Point", so that he is regarded as a "great rebel" by his peers and is hunted down. Lian Kuoru believes that "jianghu" people are after all a minority in society, and they often deceive and engage in activities that harm nature and reason. Although he is a person in the "jianghu", he cannot only take care of the interests of small groups and cause losses to the whole society.
Sharing a book every day, I am spitting on old Deng