From The Present Dynasty Decoration Group
The popular fad is sometimes confusing. Just about to dig deeper, I found that this wind was like a flash in the pan. And this wind of the Roman column has been blowing steadily.
In 1992, the mainland opened the era of commercial housing, and the welfare housing system was replaced. Since then, home improvement companies have sprung up. Coupled with the fact that the pace of reform and opening up is getting faster and faster, and more and more people have seen the world, the overall style of home decoration at this time is more "Western-style". At the same time, the "Roman columns" used for the exterior of large buildings were used in home decoration.
European, French and other complex styles of home decoration are indispensable to the figure of Roman columns. After that, the enthusiasm receded, and when you thought you would never find its figure again, you found that nine times out of ten outside the "self-built villa" were the figures of Roman columns; In the flat floor, the simple style of the living room is also specially designed with a combination of "arches + Roman columns".
The wind of the Roman columns, blowing slowly, never stopped.
1. Ancient Greece
Roman columns, as the traditional and classic column design in architecture, were not born in ancient Rome, but originated from the source of Western civilization - "ancient Greece".
In the 6th century BC, after the end of the Greek-Persian War, with the rapid development of economy, politics, culture and science and technology, the ancient Greeks had deep achievements in philosophy, thought, architecture, science, literature and many other aspects, thus forming a brilliant Greek culture. The solemn temple architecture has become the epitome of this culture.
At that time, ancient Greece was rich in "marble", and people built a series of temples according to local conditions and used marble as the main material. (Roman columns are in English as marble pillars, which is marble pillars)
By the 5th century BC, this kind of column from the "column head" to the "column body" to the "pillar seat", have formed a unique system, especially the design of the column head, from simple to complex, the style is complex and gorgeous. But the columns at this time were not given a new name, but were simply called columns, and the Parthenon in the Acropolis is one of the most representative column buildings.
In Greece in 447 BC, various styles in the field of architecture began to parallel at the same time, and the famous "Parthenon" was built in the "Dorian style".
The "Ionian Ionic style" is the style of the Acropolis architecture. The architectural principles of that temple are the same as those of the "Dorian style", but the "overall appearance is different" and has a different personality. Its columns are far from being so thick and strong, as if they were "slender poles", and the stigma, that is, the cap of the column, is not an unpretentious upper and lower circle shape, and there are already "rich coiled swirls" on the sides, which seems to show that the role of that part is to support the girder of the roof. This kind of locally crafted building gives people the overall impression of infinite elegance and infinite ease.
One of the buildings that best embodies this "Ionian style" is the Temple of Erechtheion.
The elegant, relaxed nature is also characteristic of the period of sculpture and painting, which began with the generation behind Phidias. During this period, Athens was in a bloody war with the Spartans, and the war destroyed the prosperity of Athens and even the whole of Greece. During a brief period of peace in 408 BC, the "Little Temple of the Goddess of Victory" in the Acropolis added stone bars, and the carvings and decorations on the columns showed that the interest was turning to beauty and refinement, which was also clearly reflected in the style of "Ionian".
Greek art, which had originally influenced only a few small cities, has now developed into a pictorial language of almost half the world, inseparable from the foundation of Alexander's empire. This development must also have influenced the nature of Greek art.
A new type of column, invented in the early 4th century BC, was more popular, and it was named after the wealthy commercial city of Coslin Corinth. The so-called "Corinthian style" is the addition of leaves to the Ionian scrolls to beautify the stigma, and there are generally more ornate ornaments throughout the building. This ornate style is in line with the widespread luxury buildings built in the emerging cities of the East.
When the Romans conquered the world and established their empire on the ruins of those Hellenistic kingdoms, art remained somewhat unchanged and changed.
The typical practice of the Romans was to "take what was good" from Greek architecture and then apply it to their own needs.
Perhaps the most famous of Roman architectures is the Colosseum, an amphitheater. It was typical Roman architecture. In fact, the three architectural styles used in Greek temples are used here. The ground floor is a Dorian-style deformation – even the interstitial plates (gaps between beams and beams) and three-slot plates (three incisions in the beam head) are retained; The second layer is Ionian; The third and fourth floors are Corinthian half columns. This combination of Roman structures and Greek forms or "columnar" structures had a huge influence on later architects.
During the Roman period, the Romans improved the column style by adding two styles, namely the "Tacitus column" and the "mixed column", collectively known as the "Roman Five", while the Ancient Roman Five style is now commonly referred to as the "Roman Column".
European Roman columns have two different types: "non-heavy empty Roman columns" and "cast-in-place heavy solid Roman columns".
There are mainly Doric columns inherited from ancient Greece, Ionic columns, and Corinthian columns. Developed in ancient Rome, Tasgan column type, mixed column type.
2. Doric column Doric
The stigma is simple and the column body has grooves.
In the 7th century BC, it began to appear on the west bank of the Aegean Sea. It is the earliest and most popular column type in ancient Greece. It can be seen in the Parthenon.
Doric is a kind of cylinder without a column base, placed directly on the step seat, relatively thick and magnificent, the surface of the cylinder has continuous grooves from top to bottom, the number of grooves is generally between 16 and 24, the depth of the groove is shallow, and the groove edge is angular, and the ratio of column diameter to column height is 1:8. Suitable for the ground floor and colonnade of the family.
The Doric column is also known as the male column. The Roman Doric column is a Roman modification of the Greek Doric column, adding a pedestal under the original pillar foundation. Contrast to see that the Greek Doric column type has no pillar foundation.
3. Ionic column Aonic
The stigma is largely swirled and the column body has grooves.
In the 6th century BC, it began to appear on the eastern shore of the Aegean Sea. Ionic and Doric symbolize the femininity and elegance of women respectively - Ionic; Male strong and capable – Doric.
This column type is relatively slender and lightweight, the column head will have a more delicate carving, the column body is relatively long, and the overall presentation is thin and thick, but it is not curved from top to bottom. The grooves in the column are relatively deep and semicircular. There are 24 grooves, the depth of the groove is deep, the ratio of the column neck to the height of the column is 1:9, the column head is decorated, and it is composed of two connected circular scrolls, which have a top plate on the vortex and directly top the beam above. In short, it gives a feeling of relaxed freedom, has a femininity, and is called a female column. Decoration is suitable for independent buildings and composite building colonnades with more than two floors, temple colonnades, etc.
Both the Temple of victory and the Temple of Erechtheion are of the Ionic column used.
4. Corinthian column Corinthian
The stigma is decorated with adorned with amulet leaves in a slender proportion.
Produced in the 5th century BC with the ancient Greek city-state of Corinth. It was not used much in ancient Greece, and it can be seen in the temple of Zeus in Athens. It later became the most popular column style in ancient Rome.
The four sides of the Column Head of the Corinthian Column have a swirling decorative pattern, which is more slender than the Ionic Column, and the column head is decorated with Acanthus, which resembles a flower basket full of flowers and plants, which is very gorgeous and slender, and its decoration is stronger.
The ancient Roman Corinthian column style grooves are the same as those of the Ionic column, and the ratio of the neck to the height of the column is 1:10, which is synonymous with "luxury". The main decorative theme is the leaf of the lotus, which is applied to the colonnade of the first floor of the independent building, the colonnade of the second floor of the composite building, the temple colonnade, etc.
The Romans inherited and perfected the Collins column style, which was widely used to build large-scale and ornately decorated buildings.
The Temple of Zeus uses this column.
5. Tascan column style Tuscan
The stigma is simple and the column body has no grooves.
The Taskan column type, also known as the Tuscan column type, is developed by the Romans on the Greek Doric column, removing the grooves on the Doric column, the style is simple and simple, thick and powerful.
The Roman Taskan column style evolved from the Doric column style. There is no concave phase in the column body, and the ratio of column diameter to column height is 1:7, which is the shortest and simplest of the five styles of ancient Rome. The ratio of eaves to columns is 1:4, mainly used for single building pieces, porches, cells, etc.
6. Hybrid column Composite
The stigma is highly decorative and slender in proportion.
Also known as the Roman composite column type, the ancient Romans who liked to decorate, combined the vortex scroll of the Ionic column type and the Corinthian column type of the amaranth leaf to form a mixed column, which is also the most gorgeous and complex of the five pillars.
The column neck to column height ratio of the ancient Roman mixed style is 1:10-1:11, combining the characteristics of the Ionic column style and the Corinthian column style. It is mainly used for colonnades and top floors of independent buildings. The method is the same as the Corinthian column style.
7. Structure
The Roman column, whose basic unit consists of "columns" and "eaves". The column can be divided into three parts: "pillar foundation", "column body" and "pillar head" (column cap). Due to the different sizes, proportions and shapes of each part, coupled with the different column treatment and decorative patterns, different column styles are formed.
8. How to choose
The good quality Roman column stone, its interior should be dense and uniform and without microscopic fissures, then the sound of percussion will be crisp and pleasant.
Generally, the higher the "polishing degree" of the Roman column, its service life will be longer and the quality will be relatively good. When observing the appearance of Roman columns, it is also necessary to check whether the surface layer of Roman columns has defects such as chromatic aberration and cracks, otherwise it will affect the overall decorative effect.
The better quality stone should be a "uniform fine material structure" with a delicate texture.
Roman columns that are floated and painted with plaster will have a very obvious pattern and will not all be gathered together, so the carving of a better quality Roman column will look very fine and three-dimensional.
Image source Little Red Book: Real French Self-Contained Diary
9. Roman column dimensions of self-built houses
The size of the Roman columns is not fixed, depending on where they are used. In general, the small Roman columns of European-style villas can reach a diameter of up to 15cm, the diameter of window posts can reach 15-20cm, and the European-style window posts can be decorated at about 25cm, usually used for the diameter of 60-120cm in front of the door.
10. Roman column distance for self-built houses
There is no fixed standard for the spacing between Roman columns, the diameter is generally 1/10-1/9 of the height, and the height should be determined according to the design purpose of the villa. Too wide is not safe, too narrow is not easy to clean. The distance between the legs of the large frame should be determined by mechanical calculations, and in general, the spacing should be controlled within 2m.
Image source Little Red Book: Momi Tang
11. Color
It is mainly "white". Simple atmosphere, simple and resolute beauty. As the decoration became more personalized, many owners also opted for Roman columns of other colors.
It can also be determined according to the "main color" of home improvement (consistent with the color of the wall), mostly low-saturation colors.
The more personalized way to match is different from the wall color, but the color used is the decoration "secondary tone".
For example, if the overall collocation is the main color white + secondary color green, and the wall is white, then the Roman column is green. The contrast is strong, and it is indeed unified with the overall decoration color matching.
12. Other decorative effects
In recent years, the more popular decorative method is to use Roman columns as "coffee table bases". It can not only adapt to complex styles such as European style, but also integrate into simple, log and other styles.
If there is a "load-bearing column" in the home that cannot be dismantled or moved, you can consider packaging it into a Roman column.
Image source Little Red Book: Early
summary
If you want to do Roman columns on both sides of the arch, pay attention to the thickness of the wall, too thick a wall if you barely do Roman columns may appear short and thick, the proportions are not harmonious, and it is not beautiful.
Self-built houses can be fitted with Roman columns on demand.
Flat-level living rooms, with high floor height and large area, like this style can consider a small number of local design Roman columns. In recent years, in the popular minimalist and retro styles, the figure of the Roman column can be seen, and it can play a role in finishing touches.