Since the founding of the Sui Dynasty, the imperial examination has always been the way for ancient readers to get ahead, but the examination process is very complicated, the difficulty is not low, some people can not pass the examination for a lifetime, then how about the examination process, how difficult it is to lift in ancient times, will it be more difficult than Tsinghua Peking University?
Enlightenment education
Then the story has to start from the starting point of the imperial examination, enlightenment education, people who are interested in the imperial examination, will begin to enlighten education when the child is five or six years old, in addition to the father's own teaching, that is, private cooking, and most of the private school teachers, are some of the fallen boys or old talents, teachers while teaching and reading, in order to participate in the examination again.
At this stage of study, it is reading, endorsing and practicing characters, in addition to teaching the Four Books and Five Classics, the compulsory courses of private schools in the Qing Dynasty, as well as the general precepts promulgated by Kangxi, similar to the current ideology and politics, which belongs to the political curriculum.
After that, the first level of the examination is to first silently write the Holy Sayings and Broad Precepts, and the direct elimination of those who write wrong;
If you endorse it, the complete recitation of the four books of more than 50,000 words is the most basic;
In addition to reading and endorsing, it is to practice words, the ancients emphasized that words are like their people, if the words are written ugly and do not pull a few, even if there is literary style, it is eliminated on the spot.
The font required by the imperial examination is the pavilion style, which requires the font to be neat and neat, the size is consistent, and each word is like today's printed body, which must be practiced for several years.
Therefore, the threshold of the examination, just the endorsement and practice of words have brushed off many people.
Write articles
If a person has read a poem for several years, memorized almost everything, and practiced the words well, then he can enter the next stage: writing articles, that is, eight strands of text.
The title of the Eight Strands text comes from the Four Books and Five Classics, and if the Four Books and Five Classics are not memorized well, you may not even know the source of the title, and you will die directly on the spot.
Westerners are good at making complex things simple, so science was born, and Chinese are good at making simple things very complicated, that is, the eight strands of text.
Eight strands of text
The examiner will choose the topic from the ancient text, half a sentence of the ancient text, or even a word can be turned into a topic, a Confucian boy through private school education to write a complete eight strands of text, before and after about 10 years.
How to become a show talent
Generally speaking, at the age of sixteen or seventeen, there is a hope to pass the qualification examination, that is, to be admitted to the student, commonly known as Xiucai.
To become a talent, you have to go through three passes, that is, the county examination, the government examination, and the hospital examination, collectively known as the child examination, the candidate is called the child student, and only after the examination is eligible to participate in the official imperial examination.
Tong Sheng is the first identity of the reader in the era of the imperial examination, do not feel that with the word "child", think it is very dish, there are some people with stupid qualifications or bad luck, have been stuck in the 3rd level of the qualification examination, so there may be fifty or sixty years old children, such as Liang Qichao's father, who can not pass the xiucai in their lifetime.
And Liang Qichao is a prodigy, 16 years old was admitted to the lifting, Liang Dad also had to call him a senior, many elders can not pull down, desperate to get rid of the title of tongsheng, so in the examination room, often see the father and son, and even the grandfather and grandson of the same field of competition.
The county examination is the official examination that Confucian Tong takes for the first time, and the place is in the county where he is located, and the chief examiner is the county master.
The registration procedure is quite complicated, in addition to my name, place of origin, age, but also to explain the origin of the ancestors of the third life, to ensure the innocence of the family lineage, not to advocate the family of the pawn, while handing in the commitment of 5 candidates with the same question, if one person cheats, then five people sit together.
In addition to the small copy, the cheating here also includes impersonation, mourning, substitution, fabrication, etc., according to the qing Dynasty regulations: within 27 months of the death of the parents, they must observe filial piety and are not allowed to participate in the examination, the offender is called the hidden mourner, the ancestors are advocating excellence or subordinate pawns, and they are not allowed to take the examination, and the advocates are similar to the current artists, and the subordinates are people who hold sticks and shout mighty weapons in the yamen.
However, the most invincible thing in this is still impostor and substitution, in the Qing Dynasty to take the exam is not simple, each region has a fixed quota, the admission rate of about 1%, in Jiangsu and Zhejiang and other places where there are many readers, it is even more difficult, but some remote areas, although the number of places is small, but the number of readers is less, but it is good to take the exam, which has appeared that many candidates will cross the district examination, which is called impostor.
Because too many southerners like to take the exam in the cross-district, every year in the northern examination area, there will be people who will specifically review the candidate's accent.
The replacement will find a gunman to take the exam for himself, but once the replacement is caught, both sides will be charged, and the gunner plus the shackles will be 3 months.
Although the punishment is so severe, the gunman examination is still endless, because in that era when there was no photo, it was impossible to completely curb the impersonation and substitution, and Lu Xun's grandfather once looked for the gunman to take the examination.
examination
The county examination location is in the yamen lobby, the table and bench must be prepared by themselves, the food should also be brought by themselves, although there is food sold inside the examination room, but people doing business inside must have paid the protection fee, and a glass of water alone is 20 times more expensive than outside, not to mention other things.
Examinations in the era of the imperial examination can drive the GDP of a city, a bit like the current annual leave, the city's restaurants, restaurants, stationery stores, bookstores, etc., will usher in the opportunity to make a fortune, at this critical moment, even poor students are more willing to spend money.
After passing the county exam, then in the fucheng exam exam, the table here does not have to prepare themselves, after the county exam, you can call yourself a child, a student even if you can not pass the show talent in a lifetime.
After having the qualifications of tongsheng, the value of the body will also rise slightly, for example, in a lawsuit, you can call yourself a child, no longer a small person, there are seats to sit, replaced by a businessman who has money and does not have to sit, when the wedding and funeral are celebrated, the businessman cannot share the table with the official, and the child can.
In addition, Tong Sheng's ass is also precious, even if he makes a mistake, the county master cannot spank his ass.
But the county test and the government test is just a starter, the hospital test is the real test, the examiner is a central official, the academician who has passed the examination is a student, commonly known as Xiucai, who is considered to have a meritorious name, has a certain social status, does not need to be forced, ordinary people's weddings and funerals, but also have to ask Xiucai to preside, the standard of living will be greatly improved.
scholar
It's just that Xiucai has a large number of people and does not have the qualifications to serve as an official, so no one takes Xiucai seriously.
In the history of Ru Lin, Fan Jin is Xiucai, and his father-in-law Hu Butcher looks down on him, but after Fan Jinzhong lifts people, Hu Butcher immediately kneels down and calls Fan Jin a virtuous son-in-law, the reincarnation of Wenqu Xing, because the two have completely different statuses.
How does Xiu cai become a lifter?
How does that Xiucai become a lifter, the three-stage examination mentioned above is still only the qualification examination of the imperial examination, and the qualification examination is the official examination after passing, and it is also three levels, namely the township examination, the meeting examination and the temple examination.
The township examination is held every three years, the place of the examination is in the provincial city, the main examiner is served by the official born in the jinshi, a total of 3 sessions, each examination is 3 days, the difficulty is of course more difficult than the qualification examination, and after the examination, there are people.
Township test
Lifting people means that he is separated from the popular class, not only immune to tax exemption, but also has the qualifications to serve as an official, has many rights, fang Tangjing in the Nine Pin Sesame Officials, he is a lifter, so when he talks to Bao Longxing, he is not afraid at all, and even looks down on Bao Longxing, who is not from the Imperial Examination.
Chinese love to climb the relationship, so after the middle lift, many dividends follow, and according to the rules of the jianghu industry, the candidate should recognize the main examiner as a teacher, which is beneficial to both sides, the main examiner can quickly expand his official power, and for the candidates, the teacher is also useful, you can first hold the thigh, into a small circle.
After winning the examination, you can participate in the next year's Beijing examination qualifications, and begin to really enter Beijing to catch the examination, Xiu cai to the provincial city to participate in the township examination is already prestigious enough, and the person entering Beijing to participate in the examination is even more empty.
The government will prepare road guides for people, similar to passports, the ancients need documents to go out for hundreds of miles, and the state will provide the required road fees, according to the distance of the road, about 9000 to 20000 million, and use the bus carriage to transport into Beijing, referred to as the bus, the bus will be inserted to participate in the test, along the way people and horses must avoid giving way, than the current police car also pulls the wind.
omnibus
The letter on the bus initiated by Kang and Liang at the end of the Qing Dynasty refers to the reform movement of people who entered Beijing to take the examination and jointly signed a letter.
The examination is divided into 3 sessions, 1 examination for 3 days, the process is also very torturous, after admission called Gongshi, after a month you can play the ultimate BOSS - temple examination, the palace examination is presided over by the emperor himself, only 1 day.
In the end, all candidates are divided into first, second and third divisions according to their results.
There are only three people, namely the Emperor's Eye and Tanhua, all hand-picked by the Emperor; The second class of the jinshi was born from about 100 people; The Three Jia Zhi Tong Jinshi was born, about 150 people.
Temple test
These people are all progressives, so there is no elimination mechanism in the temple examination, it is a qualifying match.
After the entrance examination, the representative of the examination BOSS has been played, and the road to career has officially begun.
The first and second class can enter the Hanlin Academy, which is equivalent to today's party school, which can be said to be a promising future, and the second way out for the jinshi is to stay in the capital as an official, as a defense minister, examination dean and other central officials, and the worst is to go to the local office and be a county master. That is to say, if you pass the entrance examination, you can at least catch a county magistrate.
So how hard is it to lift
The township examination of the Ming Dynasty is held once every three years, and the national admission rate is about 1,000 people, while the population of the Ming Dynasty is about 100 million, that is to say, the annual number of people who lift people accounts for four-hundred-thousandths of the national population.
However, in terms of the total population, if calculated by the number of candidates, the admission rate of Xiucai in Lu Xun's world is about 8%, the admission rate of Ying Tianfu in the Ming Dynasty is 7.26%, and the number of readers in the Qing Dynasty has surged, as low as only 1.68%.
The Gongshi were also fiercely competitive, taking the Ming Dynasty's Wanli Five-Year Examination as an example, there were 4,500 people in that year, and the provincial elites fought for 301 jinshi quotas, with a probability of about 6.68%.
Therefore, it is very difficult to get started from the children's test, the township test, the meeting test, and the temple test.
Let's take a simpler example, Zeng Guofan is a scholar, but he has taken the exam seven times, and the jinshi has also taken the exam 3 times, and he is still only a third-class fellow jinshi; Pu Songling, the author of Liaozhai Zhiyi, won xiucai at the age of 19, but after 44 years of repeated examinations, he did not even catch a single person.
Zeng Guofan
You said that the examination is not difficult, of course, it is much more difficult than Tsinghua Peking University.
Under the restrictions of material conditions, reading in ancient times is not an easy task, how to read without enough to eat, and today our life is not afraid of scarcity, almost everyone has the opportunity to higher education, but still many people can not be admitted to the school of their choice.
So who do you think is more difficult in the ancient imperial examination and the current college entrance examination?
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